Discovering Subtypes with Imaging Signatures in the Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome Consortium using Weakly-Supervised Clustering.

Introduction: Understanding the heterogeneity of brain structure in individuals with the Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCR) may improve the current risk assessments of dementia.

Methods: We used data from 6 cohorts from the (N=1987). A weakly-supervised clustering algorithm called HYDRA was applied to volumetric MRI measures to identify distinct subgroups in the population with gait speeds lower than one standard deviation (1SD) above mean.

Study protocol of the safe driving program for the prevention of car accidents: A randomized controlled trial protocol.

Aim: Driving cessation is strongly associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults. Although numerous studies have focused on driving skill interventions for safe driving, the effects of interventions on car accidents remain unclear. We designed a randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of driving skill training on the prevention of car accidents among community-dwelling older adults using on-road training.

Association between the level of social participation and depressive symptoms among older Japanese adults: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Social participation is recommended for older adults to remain actively involved in daily life. Social participation is a broad concept, ranging from 'interacting with others without doing a specific activity with them' to 'actively contributing to society.' However, previous studies have not taken into account the components of social participation.

Association between milk consumption in middle age and frailty in later life: The Aichi Workers' cohort study.

Aim: Several studies have shown that dairy consumption in old age is effective in preventing frailty. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the association between milk consumption during middle age and the development of frailty in old age. Therefore, we carried out an investigation to explore the association between milk consumption during middle age and development of frailty examined after over 15 years of follow up in a long-term cohort study in Japan.

Early surgery within 48 hours of admission for hip fracture did not improve 1-year mortality in Japan: a single-institution cohort study.

Introduction: Early surgery for hip fracture, within 48 hours of hospital admission, is effective in reducing mortality. However, the average preoperative waiting time for hip fractures in Japan is 4.5 days and the 1-year mortality rate after a hip fracture is 10% in Japan.

An analysis of the contents of the young-onset dementia helpline: profiles of clients who consulted the helpline themselves.

Background: Young-onset dementia (YOD) community care requires personalised approaches. Yet, the specific details of YOD consultations are unclear. This study explored how initial consultations correlate with client profiles.

Variability in combinations of APTT reagent and substrate plasma for a one-stage clotting assay to measure factor VIII products.

Introduction: An investigation of the suitability of reagents for measuring FVIII products in a one-stage clotting assay (OSA) showed variations in their FVIII activity (FVIII:C). Most studies have focused on the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) reagent rather than FVIII-deficient plasma (F8DP), even though the APTT-based OSA is comprised of APTT reagents and factor-deficient plasma.

Aim: A single-centre study was conducted to clarify variations in measurements of FVIII products in an OSA using a total of 12 reagent combinations, including four APTT reagents and three types of F8DP.

Combined impact of physical frailty and social isolation on use of long-term care insurance in Japan: A longitudinal observational study.

Objectives: The combined effect of physical frailty and social isolation on the need to make use of long-term care insurance (LTCI) among older adults remains unknown. Thus this study investigates the association between physical frailty, social isolation, and the use of LTCI among older adults in Japan.

Study Design: This is a prospective observational study.

Association of psychological factors with advanced-level functional competency: Findings from the Aichi workers' cohort study, 2002-2019.

Objective: This study examined the longitudinal association of perceived stress, and having someone one can count on in middle age with the advanced-level functional competency in older age, which is crucial for the maintenance of independent life among older adults. The issue is especially relevant in super-aged countries like contemporary Japan, where more and more older people live in a household consisting only of older people.

Methods: Data were collected in 2019 from a total of 1692 retirees of the Aichi Workers' Cohort Study participants in which baseline survey including psychological factors was conducted during their employment in 2002.

Predictive Validity of Different Walking Measures to Identify the Incident Long-Term Care Needs in Older Adults.

Objectives: A comfortable walking speed is a suitable measurement of functional status in older adults. In addition to assessing their comfortable walking speed, two complex walking tests were administered to a cohort of older people, assuming that these tests would be a more sensitive predictor of the incident long-term care needs than comfortable walking speed.

Design: A prospective observational study was conducted to collect data.

Association between COVID-19 emergency declarations and physical activity among community-dwelling older adults enrolled in a physical activity measurement program: Evidence from a retrospective observational study using the regression discontinuity design.

Background: The current study examines the negative impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency declarations on physical activity among the community-dwelling older adults, the participants of a physical activity measurement program, in Japan.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 1,773 community-dwelling older adults (aged 74.6 ± 6.

Computer-based cognitive tests and cerebral pathology among Japanese older adults.

Background: This study aimed to identify the appropriate computer-based cognitive tests and cut-off values for estimating amyloid burden in preclinical Alzheimer's disease drug trials.

Methods: Data from 103 older individuals, who underwent F-florbetapir positron emission tomography and cognitive testing, were analyzed. Cognitive tests evaluated word list memory (immediate recognition and delayed recall), attention (Trail Making Test-part A), executive function (Trail Making Test-Part B), and processing speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST]).

Involvement of inflammation in the medial temporal region in the development of agitation in Alzheimer's disease: an in vivo positron emission tomography study.

Background: The evaluation of C-DPA-713 binding using positron emission tomography for quantifying the translocator protein can be a sensitive approach in determining the level of glial activation induced by neuroinflammation. Herein, we aimed to investigate the relationship between regional C-DPA713-binding potential (BP ) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in amyloid-positive Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.

Methods: Fifteen AD patients were enrolled in this study.

Association of Daily Physical Activity with Disability in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With/Without Chronic Kidney Disease.

Objectives: Physical activity is recommended for disability prevention in the older adult population; however, the level of physical activity required for older adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unknown. This study aimed to examine the associations between daily physical activity and disability incidence in older adults with and without CKD to determine relevant daily physical activity levels.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Study Protocol of a Comprehensive Activity Promotion Program for the Prevention of Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol.

Background: Several technical devices are available to monitor and promote changes in behavior toward higher activity. In particular, smartphones are becoming the primary platform for recognizing human activity. However, the effects of behavior change techniques that promote physical, cognitive, and social activities on incident dementia in older adults remain unknown.

Development and validation of a novel qualitative test for plasma fibrinogen utilizing clot waveform analysis.

Plasma fibrinogen is commonly examined by Clauss fibrinogen assay, which cannot distinguish between quantitative and qualitative fibrinogen anomalies. However, our previously reported Clauss fibrinogen assay utilizing clot waveform analysis (Clauss-CWA) provides additional information that contributes to the classification of fibrinogen anomalies. In this study, we adopted the Clauss-CWA method for an autoanalyzer to automatically measure the antigenic estimate (eAg) of fibrinogen in addition to the functional amount (Ac), and to thus provide the Ac/eAg ratio as a qualitative indicator.

Identification of Disability Risk in Addition to Slow Walking Speed in Older Adults.

Introduction: A cutoff speed of 1.0 m/s for walking at a comfortable pace is critical for predicting future functional decline. However, some older adults with walking speeds below the cutoff point maintain an independent living.

Assessment of cube-copying among community-dwelling elderly living in Japan using the vertex criterion and parallelism.

Background: The cube-copying test is used to assess cognitive function. It is one of the methods used to distinguish healthy older individuals from those with cognitive impairment based on its 3 mm vertex criterion and parallel line errors. We sought to assess how: (1) precisely elderly community-dwelling individuals draw cubes based on two different vertex criteria; and (2) they keep the parallelism of lines.

Discrepancies in persons with dementia, family members, and physician perspectives of dementia treatment: a descriptive study.

Background: This study aims to reconsider diagnostic approaches to dementia where pharmacological approaches are not available to reverse the pathological changes caused by dementia.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted with 524 physicians specialising in dementia management in Aichi, Japan, with 163 (31.1%) valid responses.

Effect of financial incentives for participation in dementia prevention and support activities: results of a web survey with persons aged 60 and older.

Background: This study aims to elucidate the impact of financial incentives on the motivation to participate in dementia prevention activities and to provide support to people with dementia.

Methods: An online survey was completed by 1500 men and women, aged 60 or above, from the general community in Japan. When responding to questions regarding motivation for participating in dementia prevention activities and providing support to people with dementia, respondents were randomly assigned different incentive conditions.