Lipidomics investigations into the tissue phospholipidomic landscape of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.

The need of identifying alternative therapeutic targets for invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast with high specificity and sensitivity for effective therapeutic intervention is crucial for lowering the risk of fatality. Lipidomics has emerged as a key area for the discovery of potential candidates owing to its several shared pathways between cancer cell proliferation and survival. In the current study, we performed comparative phospholipidomic analysis of IDC, benign and control tissue samples of the breast to identify the significant lipid alterations associated with malignant transformation.

Phytoplasma sacchari', a novel taxon - associated with Sugarcane Grassy Shoot (SCGS) disease.

Sugarcane Grassy Shoot (SCGS) disease is known to be related to Rice Yellow Dwarf (RYD) phytoplasmas (16SrXI-B group) which are found predominantly in sugarcane growing areas of the Indian subcontinent and South-East Asia. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of SCGS phytoplasma strains belonging to the 16SrXI-B group share 98.07 % similarity with '.

Metformin induced lactic acidosis impaired response of cancer cells towards paclitaxel and doxorubicin: Role of monocarboxylate transporter.

Abnormal glucose metabolism in cancer cells causes generation and secretion of excess lactate, which results in acidification of the extracellular microenvironment. This altered metabolism aids not only in survival and proliferation but also in suppressing immune-mediated destruction of cancer cells. However, how it influences the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs is not clearly understood.

sp. nov., isolated from a bacterial consortia of contaminated soil enriched for the remediation of e-waste.

A novel e-waste-degrading strain, PE08, was isolated from contaminated soil collected from a paper mill yard in Lalkuan, Uttarakhand, India. Strain PE08 was Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive. Optimum growth was observed at 30 °C (range, 5-40 °C), with 1-2 % NaCl (range, 0-3 %) and at pH 7 (range 6-11).

Contribution of archaea and bacteria in sustaining climate change by oxidizing ammonia and sulfur in an Arctic Fjord.

The present study attempts to investigate the microbial communities and their potential to oxidize ammonia and sulfur at different sites of Arctic Fjord by targeted metagenomics. The high throughput sequencing revealed archaeal Thaumarchaeota (79.3%), Crenarchaeota (10.

On a Non-Discrete Concept of Prokaryotic Species.

The taxonomic concept of species has received continuous attention. A microbial species as a discrete box contains a limited number of highly similar microorganisms assigned to that taxon, following a polyphasic approach. In the 21st Century, with the advancements of sequencing technologies and genomics, the existence of a huge prokaryotic diversity has become well known.

Emerging insights into the structure and function of ionotropic glutamate delta receptors.

Glutamate delta-1 (GluD1) and delta-2 (GluD2) receptors belong to the orphan GluD subfamily of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). GluDs were classified as ionotropic glutamate receptors based on their sequence similarity. Two decades after these GluDs were first cloned they are still considered "orphan" due to a lack of knowledge of the endogenous ligands that can activate them.

Cytokines in the immunity and immunopathogenesis in leishmaniases.

Cytokines are key mediators of immune responses to autoantigens, tumor antigens and foreign antigens including pathogens and transplant antigens. The cytokines are produced by a variety of immune and non-immune cells and are dynamically regulated. Remarkably, during toxic and septic shock syndromes, anaphylactic shock and in certain viral infections supra-physiologic levels of cytokine storms are produced culminating in multi-organ failure and death.

The Regulatory Function of CCR9 Dendritic Cells in Inflammation and Autoimmunity.

Chemokine receptor CCR9 is a G protein-coupled receptor and expressed on several types of immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), CD4 T cells, and B cells. CCR9 drives the migration of immune cells to gradients of its cognate ligand CCL25. The chemokine CCL25 is mostly produced by gut and thymic epithelial cells.

The novel SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Possible environmental transmission, detection, persistence and fate during wastewater and water treatment.

The contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for COVID-19 disease, has infected over 27 million people across the globe within a few months. While literature on SARS-CoV-2 indicates that its transmission may occur predominantly via aerosolization of virus-laden droplets, the possibility of alternate routes of transmission and/or reinfection via the environment requires considerable scientific attention. This review aims to collate information on possible transmission routes of this virus, to ascertain its fate in the environment.

Pluripotency of embryonic stem cells lacking clathrin-mediated endocytosis cannot be rescued by restoring cellular stiffness.

Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) display unique mechanical properties, including low cellular stiffness in contrast to differentiated cells, which are stiffer. We have previously shown that mESCs lacking the clathrin heavy chain (), an essential component for clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), display a loss of pluripotency and an enhanced expression of differentiation markers. However, it is not known whether physical properties such as cellular stiffness also change upon loss of , similar to what is seen in differentiated cells, and if so, how these altered properties specifically impact pluripotency.

March of : miRNAs intercept host cell CD40 signalling.

The disease tuberculosis is fatal if untreated. It is caused by the acid-fast bacilli . resides and replicates within the alveolar macrophages, causing inflammation and granuloma, wherein macrophage-T cell interactions enhance the inflammation-causing pulmonary caseous lesions.

ABC Exporters in Pathogenesis: Role of Synthetic Anti-Microbial Peptides.

ABC exporters are involved in diverse cellular processes including lipid trafficking, drug resistance, pathogenesis etc. The greatest thrust has been in the area of drug resistance that explains the underlying well-crafted canonical architecture of its structure. Interestingly, ranging from structural organisation to subsequent design and delivery aspects lays the niche of antimicrobial peptides.

IMA Genome - F13: Draft genome sequences of , and .

Draft genomes of the fungal species , and are presented. is an important lichen forming fungus and is an ambrosia beetle symbiont. and are agriculturally relevant plant pathogens that cause leaf-spots in brassicaceous vegetables and cucurbits respectively.

Conundrums in leishmaniasis.

Parasites of the genus Leishmania cause the disease leishmaniasis. As the sandfly vector transfers the promastigotes into the skin of the human host, the infection is either cured or exacerbated. In the process, there emerge several unsolved paradoxes of leishmaniasis.

Lupeol and amphotericin B mediate synergistic anti-leishmanial immunomodulatory effects in Leishmania donovani-infected BALB/c mice.

Leishmania donovani, a protozoan parasite, inflicts the disease Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) Worldwide. The only orally bioavailable drug miltefosine is toxic, whereas liposomal amphotericin B (AmpB) is expensive. Lupeol, a triterpenoid from Sterculia villosa bark, was exhibited immunomodulatory and anti-leishmanial activity in experimental VL.

Targeted Inhibition of the NUP98-NSD1 Fusion Oncogene in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

NUP98-NSD1-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a poor prognostic subgroup that is frequently diagnosed in pediatric cytogenetically normal AML. NUP98-NSD1-positive AML often carries additional mutations in genes including and . The purpose of our study was to characterize the cooperative potential of the fusion and its associated Neuroblastoma rat sarcoma (NRAS) mutation.

Traversing the "Omic" landscape of microbial halotolerance for key molecular processes and new insights.

Post-2005, the biology of the salt afflicted habitats is predominantly studied employing high throughput "Omic" approaches comprising metagenomics, transcriptomics, metatranscriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. Such "Omic-based" studies have deciphered the unfamiliar details about microbial salt-stress biology. The MAGs (Metagenome-assembled genomes) of uncultured halophilic microbial lineages such as Nanohaloarchaea and haloalkaliphilic members within CPR (Candidate Phyla Radiation) have been reconstructed from diverse hypersaline habitats.

Evolutionary artificial intelligence based peptide discoveries for effective Covid-19 therapeutics.

An epidemic caused by COVID-19 in China turned into pandemic within a short duration affecting countries worldwide. Researchers and companies around the world are working on all the possible strategies to develop a curative or preventive strategy for the same, which includes vaccine development, drug repurposing, plasma therapy, and drug discovery based on Artificial intelligence. Therapeutic approaches based on Computational biology and Machine-learning algorithms are specially considered, with a view that these could provide a fast and accurate outcome in the present scenario.

The drug resistance mechanisms in Leishmania donovani are independent of immunosuppression.

The protozoan parasite L. donovani resides inside macrophages as amastigotes and inflicts a potentially lethal disease visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Due to absence of a vaccine, chemotherapy with antimonials, amphotericin B, miltefosine or paromomycin remains the only option for treating VL.

Molecular insights of NADPH oxidases and its pathological consequences.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), formed by the partial reduction of oxygen, were for a long time considered to be a byproduct of cellular metabolism. Since, increase in cellular levels of ROS results in oxidative stress leading to damage of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids resulting in numerous pathological conditions; ROS was considered a bane for aerobic species. Hence, the discovery of NADPH oxidases (NOX), an enzyme family that specifically generates ROS as its prime product came as a surprise to redox biologists.

Establishment of integration free iPSC clones, NCCSi011-A and NCCSi011-B from a liver cirrhosis patient of Indian origin with hepatic encephalopathy.

Liver cirrhosis accompanied with hepatic encephalopathy commonly causes cognitive impairment in patients. To model this disease, two independent patient specific induced pluripotent stem cell-line (iPSC) clones, NCCSi011-A and NCCSi011-B were generated by reprogramming the CD4 T cells of an Indian male patient suffering from this chronic condition. Both clones expressed the stemness markers, formed embryoid bodies (EBs) with potential for spontaneous differentiation in to all the three lineages, exhibited normal karyotype (46, XY) and demonstrated alkaline phosphatase activity.

Cytokines and metabolic regulation: A framework of bidirectional influences affecting Leishmania infection.

Leishmania, a protozoan parasite inflicting the complex of diseases called Leishmaniases, resides and replicates as amastigotes within mammalian macrophages. As macrophages are metabolically highly active and can generate free radicals that can destroy this parasite, Leishmania also devise strategies to modulate the host cell metabolism. However, the metabolic changes can also be influenced by the anti-leishmanial immune response mediated by cytokines.