Oral dysbiosis and its linkage with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The human oral cavity harbours complex microbial communities with various commensal microorganisms that play pivotal roles in maintaining host health and immunity but can elicit local and systemic diseases. The role of commensal microorganisms in SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease susceptibility and enrichment of opportunistic pathobionts in the oral cavity is poorly understood. The present study aims to understand the altered landscape of the oral microbiome and mycobiome in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients (n = 30) and its correlation with risk factors compared to non-infected individuals (n = 24) using targeted amplicon sequencing.

Antiproliferative and apoptotic potential of methotrexate lipid nanoparticles in a murine breast cancer model.

To evaluate the efficacy of novel methotrexate-loaded nanoparticles (MTX-NPs) and in the treatment of breast cancer. MTX-NPs were tested for cellular uptake, cell viability, cell cycle, cellular wound migration and changes in tumor volume using characterized NPs. The solid lipid NPs (SLNPs) showed strong cellular uptake, increased apoptosis, controlled cytotoxicity at lower IC of methotrexate and a sizable reduction in tumor burden.

Temporal variation in bacterial community profile on patients' bedsheets in a primary healthcare unit.

Fabrics serve as fomites in spreading nosocomial infections. As a patient is in close contact with bedsheets, it is important to assess the seasonal variation in bacterial diversity on these in healthcare units. The study was conducted to characterise the bacterial diversity on patients' bedsheets across 7 months in a primary healthcare unit.

Evolutionary aspect of Miltefosine transporter proteins in Leishmania major.

Transporter proteins, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and P4ATPase-CDC50, are responsible for the transport of Miltefosine drug across cell membrane of a protozoan parasite Leishmania major. Mutations or change in activity of these proteins may lead to emergence of resistance in the parasite. Owing to the structural and functional importance of these transporter proteins, we have tried to decipher the evolutionary divergence of these Miltefosine transporter proteins across different forms of life including Protists, Fungi, Plants and Animals.

Neurokinin receptors and their implications in various autoimmune diseases.

Neurokinin receptors belong to the GPCRs family and are ubiquitously expressed throughout the nervous and immune systems. Neurokinin receptors in coordination with neurokinins playing an important role in many physiological processes, including smooth muscle contraction, secretion, proliferation, and nociception. They also contribute to various disease conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and cancer.

Clinical Assessment of Efficacy of Omega 3 in Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients - A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, potentially malignant condition affecting the oral cavity. Omega 3 has shown innumerable health benefits in yesteryears. So, the aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of Omega 3 in the medical management of this disease.

Workshop on RanBP2/Nup358 and acute necrotizing encephalopathy.

Dominant missense mutations in RanBP2/Nup358 cause Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy (ANE), a pediatric disease where seemingly healthy individuals develop a cytokine storm that is restricted to the central nervous system in response to viral infection. Untreated, this condition leads to seizures, coma, long-term neurological damage and a high rate of mortality. The exact mechanism by which RanBP2 mutations contribute to the development of ANE remains elusive.

Draft genome sequence of ' Phytoplasma australasia', strain SS02 associated with sesame phyllody disease.

Phytoplasma' is an uncultivated, intracellular bacterial plant pathogen transmitted by phloem-feeding insect vectors. Among the group of phytoplasmas, the Peanut Witches' Broom or 16SrII group of phytoplasmas associated with various diseases cause severe crop losses every year in India. The '.

A Microcosm Model for the Study of Microbial Community Shift and Carbon Emission from Landfills.

Unlabelled: The landfill is an inexpensive way of municipal solid waste (MSW) management and contributes extensively to the total carbon budget and global climate change. Three landfills from two geographically distinct metro- cities of India were taken as model systems to create microcosms and study their physiochemistry, microbiology, and carbon emission. The microcosm experiments revealed that facultative anaerobic bacterial community showing the dominance in the beginning but with the progression of anoxia and anaerobic conditions, methanogenesis prevailed, resulting in a clear shift towards the abundance of methanogens especially the members of , and (70-90% of the total microbial population).

Heart Failure Severity Closely Correlates with Intestinal Dysbiosis and Subsequent Metabolomic Alterations.

Growing evidence suggests an altered gut microbiome in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the exact interrelationship between microbiota, HF, and its consequences on the metabolome are still unknown. We thus aimed here to decipher the association between the severity and progression of HF and the gut microbiome composition and circulating metabolites.

Circulating microRNAs from early childhood and adolescence are associated with pre-diabetes at 18 years of age in women from the PMNS cohort.

With type 2 diabetes presenting at younger ages, there is a growing need to identify biomarkers of future glucose intolerance. A high (20%) prevalence of glucose intolerance at 18 years was seen in women from the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study (PMNS) birth cohort. We investigated the potential of circulating microRNAs in risk stratification for future pre-diabetes in these women.

TLR induced IL-27 plays host-protective role against B16BL6 melanoma in C57BL/6 mice.

Elicitation of the tumor-eliminating immune response is a major challenge, as macrophages- constituting a major component of solid tumor mass- play important roles in development, maintenance and tumor regression. The macrophage-expressed Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) enhance macrophage function and their ability to activate T cells via secretion of cytokines, which may help in tumor regression. IL-27, a member of the IL-12 family of cytokines, is shown to exhibit anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activities.

Hydrogenophaga crocea sp. nov. associated with cyanobacterial mat isolated from farmland mud.

A catalase and oxidase-positive strain BA0156 was isolated from a cyanobacterial mat collected from the farmland mud cultivated with sugarcane from Ahmednagar, India. The 16S rRNA gene of strain BA0156 showed the highest percent sequence similarity with Hydrogenophaga borbori LMG 30805 (98.5%), followed by H.

NSG-70, a new glioblastoma cell line with mixed proneural-mesenchymal features, associates NOTCH1-WNT5A signaling with stem cell maintenance and angiogenesis.

Background: Glioblastoma initiation and progression is believed to be driven by Glioma stem cells (GSCs). Activation of NOTCH1 and WNT, and more recently, non-canonical WNT5A signaling, has been demonstrated to regulate self-renewal and differentiation of the GSCs crucially. High expression levels of NOTCH1 and WNT in GBM tumors contribute to the sustenance of GSCs and mediate characteristic phenotypic plasticity, which is reflected by the different subtypes and tremendous intra-tumor heterogeneity.

Colonization with non-mycorrhizal culturable endophytic fungi enhances orchid growth and indole acetic acid production.

Background: Symbiotic associations of endophytic fungi have been proved by possessing an ability to produce hormones and metabolites for their host plant. Members of the Orchidaceae are obligate mycorrhizal species but a non-mycorrhizal association needs more investigation for their ability to promote plant growth and produce plant growth hormones. In the present study, endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots of Dendrobium longicornu Lindl.

Corrigendum: gen. nov. sp. nov.: An Antibiotic-Producing Bacterium Isolated From Lonar Lake and Reclassification of the Genus Into Seven Novel Genera.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.

Generation of integration free hiPSCs clones, NSi001-A, NSi001-B, and NSi001-C from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of an individual with down syndrome having Robertsonian translocation.

Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) clones NSi001-A, NSi001-B, and NSi001-C were generated from a female individual of Indian origin having Robertsonian translocation down syndrome (DS) by reprogramming peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using integration-free Sendai viral vectors. The established hiPSCs clones had karyotype similar to the patient sample with Robertsonian translocation [46, XX rob (14;21)], normal ES-like morphology, expression of pluripotency markers, and potential for three germ layer differentiation, i.e.

Highlighting the Potential Role of Exosomes as the Targeted Nanotherapeutic Carrier in Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer, being the second most common type of cancer, is a leading cause of death in the female population. Of all the available treatments existing for breast cancer, exosomes appear as an important medium for the site targeted delivery of the drugs. Exosomes, unlike all the other extracellular vesicles, play a vital role in the transport of numerous biomolecules throughout the body and can easily be detected because of the presence of specific biomarkers.

Vγ2 γδ T Cells in the Presence of Anti-CD40L Control Surgical Inflammation and Promote Skin Allograft Survival.

γδ T cells represent a small fraction of total T cells in the body and do not use classical polymorphic major histocompatibility complex‒loaded peptides for mounting an immune response. The importance of the effector and regulatory function of γδ T cells in infections, autoimmunity, and tumor models are well characterized. In this study, we investigated the mechanistic role of γδ T cells in costimulatory blockade‒induced transplantation tolerance.

Probing the Interactions Responsible for the Structural Stability of Trypanothione Reductase Through Computer Simulation and Biophysical Characterization.

With the necessity to develop antileishmanial drugs with substrate specificity, trypanothione reductase (TryR) has gained popularity in parasitology. TryR is unique to be present only in trypanosomatids and is functionally similar to glutathione in mammals. It protects against oxidative stress exerted by the host defense mechanism.

Cell-cell adhesions in embryonic stem cells regulate the stability and transcriptional activity of β-catenin.

E-cadherin (CDH1) is involved in maintaining cell-cell adhesions in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, its function in the context of cell fate decisions is largely unknown. Using mouse ESCs (mESCs), we demonstrate that E-cadherin and β-catenin interact at the membrane and continue to do so upon internalization within the cell.

CRISPR based therapeutics: a new paradigm in cancer precision medicine.

Background: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) systems are the latest addition to the plethora of gene-editing tools. These systems have been repurposed from their natural counterparts by means of both guide RNA and Cas nuclease engineering. These RNA-guided systems offer greater programmability and multiplexing capacity than previous generation gene editing tools based on zinc finger nucleases and transcription activator like effector nucleases.

A comparison of two different analytical workflows to determine the venom proteome composition of Naja kaouthia from North-East India and immunological profiling of venom against commercial antivenoms.

The Indian monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) is one of the most prevalent venomous snakes in northeast India (NEI) and is the cause of many fatalities. The composition of NEI N. kaouthia venom (NkV) was deciphered using two different proteomic approaches: (i) 1D SDS-PAGE coupled to label-free quantification of protein bands using stringent identification criteria and (ii) reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) followed by quantification based on area under the RP-HPLC peaks.

Tumor-associated macrophage derived IL-6 enriches cancer stem cell population and promotes breast tumor progression via Stat-3 pathway.

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play crucial role in tumor progression, drug resistance and relapse in various cancers. CSC niche is comprised of various stromal cell types including Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Extrinsic ques derived from these cells help in maintenance of CSC phenotype.