Obesity Programs Macrophages to Support Cancer Progression.

Obesity induces multifactorial effects such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and arterial hypertension that influence the progression of many diseases. Obesity is associated with an increased incidence of cancers, and multiple mechanisms link obesity with cancer initiation and progression. Macrophages participate in the homeostasis of adipose tissue and play an important role in cancer.

Prevalence of S. aureus and/or MRSA from seafood products from Indian seafood products.

Compared to the clinical sector, the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the food sector is relatively low. However, their presence in seafood is a significant public health concern. In India, fish and fishery products are maximally manually handled compared to other food products.

Enhanced olfactory memory detection in trap-design Y-mazes allows the study of imperceptible memory traces in .

The neural basis of behavior is identified by systematically manipulating the activity of specific neurons and screening for loss or gain of phenotype. Therefore, robust, high-scoring behavioral assays are necessary for determining the neural circuits of novel behaviors. We report a simple Y-maze design for olfactory learning and memory assay.

The LEM-ESCRT toolkit: Repair and maintenance of the nucleus.

The eukaryotic genome is enclosed in a nuclear envelope that protects it from potentially damaging cellular activities and physically segregates transcription and translation.Transport across the NE is highly regulated and occurs primarily the macromolecular nuclear pore complexes.Loss of nuclear compartmentalization due to defects in NPC function and NE integrity are tied to neurological and ageing disorders like Alzheimer's, viral pathogenesis, immune disorders, and cancer progression.

Structure, Function, and Regulation of the Kainate Receptor.

Neural communication and modulation are complex processes. Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) significantly contribute to mediating the fast-excitatory branch of neurotransmission in the mammalian brain. Kainate receptors (KARs), a subfamily of the iGluRs, act as modulators of the neuronal circuitry by playing important roles at both the post- and presynaptic sites of specific neurons.

Single-cell sequencing: A cutting edge tool in molecular medical research.

The rapid development of advanced high throughput technologies and introduction of high resolution "omics" data through analysis of biological molecules has revamped medical research. Single-cell sequencing in recent years, is in fact revolutionising the field by providing a deeper, spatio-temporal analyses of individual cells within tissues and their relevance to disease. Like conventional sequencing, the single-cell approach deciphers the sequence of nucleotides in a given Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA), Ribose Nucleic Acid (RNA), Micro Ribose Nucleic Acid (miRNA), epigenetically modified DNA or chromatin DNA; however, the unit of analyses is changed to single cells rather than the entire tissue.

Systems pharmacology aiding benzimidazole scaffold as potential lead compounds against leishmaniasis for functional therapeutics.

Systems pharmacology helps to understand the complex relationships between biological systems, drugs, and infection model; Leishmania major being one of them. It has aided the drug discovery process by addressing the concerns about economic stress, drug toxicity, and the emergence of resistance. Two million new leishmaniasis cases are reported annually, and >350 million people are at risk globally due to the parasite Leishmania.

A concise review on implications of silver nanoparticles in bone tissue engineering.

Skeletal disorders represent a variety of degenerative diseases that affect bone and cartilage homeostasis. The regenerative capacity of bone is affected in osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, bone fractures, congenital defects, and bone cancers. There is no viable, non-invasive treatment option and bone regeneration requires surgical intervention with the implantation of bone grafts.

Rothia santali sp. nov., endophytic bacteria isolated from sandalwood (Santalum album L.) seedling.

A novel, mustard yellow-pigmented aerobic bacterial strain designated AR01 was isolated from hypocotyl tissue of a sandalwood seedling from Bangalore, India. The 16S rRNA gene of strain AR01 had the highest 98.97% sequence similarity with Rothia halotolerans YIM 90716 (KCTC 19172) followed by Rothia kristinae PM 129 (NBRC 15354) (97.

IL-3 regulates the differentiation of pathogenic Th17 cells.

IL-17-producing Th17 cells play an important role in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Aberrant immune activation due to an imbalance between Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells is associated with the development of RA and other autoimmune diseases. Targeting pathogenic Th17 cells and their associated molecules is emerging as a promising strategy to treat and reverse RA.

A chimeric feeder comprising transforming growth factor beta 1- and basic fibroblast growth factor-primed bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells suppresses the expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) physically associate with the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), forming a unique HSC niche. Owing to this proximity, the signaling mechanisms prevailing in the BMSCs affect the fate of the HSCs. In addition to cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, various cytokines and growth factors present in the BM milieu evoke signaling mechanisms in the BMSCs.

Bacteria isolated from e-waste soil enhance plant growth and mobilize trace metals in e-waste-amended soils.

Worldwide accumulation of e-waste poses a major threat to environmental health. However, printed circuit boards contain precious metals, such as gold, and silver, and also contain micronutrient metal elements, such as Fe, Cu, Zn, etc. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of e-waste-tolerant bacteria (ETB) on promoting plant growth in e-waste-amended soils and mobilizing trace metals into the plants.

Changes in immunological parameters by ageing in rural healthy Indian adults and their associations with sex and lifestyle.

Several factors including sex and lifestyle have been reported to contribute to the age-related alteration of immune functions. The study was undertaken to determine age-related differences in the proportion of peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes in the Indian population using blood samples from 67 healthy adults (33 females and 34 males) aged between 20 and 80 years old. In the linear regression analysis to estimate the relationship with age categories, there was a significant increase in the frequency of natural killer cells with ageing, while their cytolytic activity significantly declined.

Mechanobiology of immune cells: Messengers, receivers and followers in leishmaniasis aiding synthetic devices.

Cytokines are influential molecules which can direct cells behavior. In this review, cytokines are referred as messengers, immune cells which respond to cytokine stimulus are referred as receivers and the immune cells which gets modulated due to their plasticity induced by infectious pathogen leishmania, are referred as followers. The advantage of plasticity of cells is taken by the parasite to switch them from parasite eliminating form to parasite survival favoring form through a process called as reciprocity which is undergone by cytokines, wherein pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory switch occur rendering immune cell population to switch their phenotype.

T cell receptor signaling in the differentiation and plasticity of CD4 T cells.

CD4 T cells are critical components of the adaptive immune system. The T cell receptor (TCR) and co-receptor signaling cascades shape the phenotype and functions of CD4 T cells. TCR signaling plays a crucial role in T cell development, antigen recognition, activation, and differentiation upon recognition of foreign- or auto-antigens.

In vitro-induced Foxp3 CD8 regulatory T cells suppress allergic IgE response in the gut.

Several subsets of CD8 T cells are known to have a suppressive function in different tissues and diseases in mice and humans. Due to the lack of a consensus on the phenotype of regulatory CD8 T cells and very low frequency in the body, its clinical use as adoptive cellular therapy has not advanced much. In the present work, using DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (Aza), we efficiently and stably differentiated naïve CD8 T cells (CD8 CD25 CD44 cells) into the CD8 Foxp3 regulatory CD8 T cells (CD8 Tregs).

Oligotrophy vs. copiotrophy in an alkaline and saline habitat of Lonar Lake.

We reported our comparative observations on oligotrophs vs. copiotrophs from a hyper-alkaline and hypersaline habitat, Lonar Lake, situated in the Buldhana district of Maharashtra, India. Cell numbers of oligotrophic and copiotrophic microbes from the sediment were enumerated by the three-tube most probable number (MPN) method using an array of nutrient-rich and oligotrophic (≈10-20 mg carbon L) media offering simulated natural conditions of pH and salinity.

RBM47 is a Critical Regulator of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation.

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are pivotal for regulating gene expression as they are involved in each step of RNA metabolism. Several RBPs are essential for viable growth and development in mammals. RNA-binding motif 47 (RBM47) is an RRM-containing RBP whose role in mammalian embryonic development is poorly understood yet deemed to be essential since its loss in mouse embryos leads to perinatal lethality.

A culture-based and culture-independent approach to the study of landfill leachate bacterial and archaeal communities.

The landfill is a convenient and affordable method of municipal solid waste (MSW) management. Landfill leachate contains a heavy load of pollutants and pathogens. Discharge of untreated leachate is the leading cause of surface and groundwater contamination and a threat to public and environmental health.

MicroRNA-520c-3p impacts sphingolipid metabolism mediating PI3K/AKT signaling in NSCLC: Systems perspective.

Increasing research suggests that sphingolipid metabolism is essential for the progression and metastasis of cancer. The underlying mechanistic insight into the dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism affecting pathways is poorly investigated. As a result, the goal of the current study was to glean knowledge from the systems biology approach to investigate how the sphingolipid metabolism affects the signal transduction network in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common type of cancer in terms of occurrence and death globally.

A Multistep Tumor Growth Model of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma Identifies Hypoxia-Associated Signatures.

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) is associated with late-stage disease presentation and poor prognosis, with a limited understanding of early transformation events. Our study analyzes HGSC tumor progression and organ-specific metastatic dissemination to identify hypoxia-associated molecular, cellular, and histological alterations. Clinical characteristics of the HGSC were replicated in orthotopic xenografts, which involve metastatic dissemination and the prevalence of group B tumors (volume: >0.

Dataset of ileum bacterial diversity in mice after heart failure due to pressure overload.

We recently reported the correlation of gut bacterial diversity with heart failure using a mouse model of heart failure due to pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). We found that gut the bacterial diversity is significantly altered and is directly correlated to the severity of heart failure (Heart Failure Severity Closely Correlates with Intestinal Dysbiosis and Subsequent Metabolomic Alterations (Spehlmann, 2022). In addition, stool samples that were collected for the gut microbial diversity analysis, we dissected ileum from the mice after 42 days of TAC.