A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records.

A comprehensive database of paleoclimate records is needed to place recent warming into the longer-term context of natural climate variability. We present a global compilation of quality-controlled, published, temperature-sensitive proxy records extending back 12,000 years through the Holocene. Data were compiled from 679 sites where time series cover at least 4000 years, are resolved at sub-millennial scale (median spacing of 400 years or finer) and have at least one age control point every 3000 years, with cut-off values slackened in data-sparse regions.

Surface ocean pH and buffer capacity: past, present and future.

The ocean's chemistry is changing due to the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO). This phenomenon, commonly referred to as "Ocean Acidification", is endangering coral reefs and the broader marine ecosystems. In this study, we combine a recent observational seawater CO data product, i.

Author Correction: Impact of sanitation and socio-economy on groundwater fecal pollution and human health towards achieving sustainable development goals across India from ground-observations and satellite-derived nightlight.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Impact of sanitation and socio-economy on groundwater fecal pollution and human health towards achieving sustainable development goals across India from ground-observations and satellite-derived nightlight.

Globally, ~1 billion people, mostly residing in Africa and South Asia (e.g. India), still lack access to clean drinking water and sanitation.

Layered patterns in nature, medicine, and materials: quantifying anisotropic structures and cyclicity.

Various natural patterns-such as terrestrial sand dune ripples, lamellae in vertebrate bones, growth increments in fish scales and corals, aortas and lamellar corpuscles in humans and animals-comprise layers of different thicknesses and lengths. Microstructures in manmade materials-such as alloys, perlite steels, polymers, ceramics, and ripples induced by laser on the surface of graphen-also exhibit layered structures. These layered patterns form a record of internal and external factors regulating pattern formation in their various systems, making it potentially possible to recognize and identify in their incremental sequences trends, periodicities, and events in the formation history of these systems.

Author Correction: Recent increases in tropical cyclone intensification rates.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Forecast: Increasing Mental Health Consequences From Atlantic Hurricanes Throughout the 21st Century.

Global environmental climate change is altering the behavior of hurricanes. Hurricane seasons are becoming more active, generating storms that are ever more damaging to coastal and island communities. Exposure to hurricane hazards and experiencing resultant losses and life changes can lead to new-onset mental disorders among previously healthy survivors and jeopardize the health of persons with preexisting mental illness.

Resilience of the Gulf Stream path on decadal and longer timescales.

The Gulf Stream is the upper-ocean limb of a powerful current system known as the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation-the strongest oceanic pacemaker of the Atlantic Ocean and perhaps the entire Earth's climate. Understanding the long-term variability of the Gulf Stream path is critical for resolving how the ocean, as a climate driver, works. A captivating facet of the Gulf Stream as a large-scale ocean climate phenomenon is its astounding resilience on timescales of decades and longer.

Past and Future Hurricane Intensity Change along the U.S. East Coast.

The ocean and atmosphere in the North Atlantic are coupled through a feedback mechanism that excites a dipole pattern in vertical wind shear (VWS), a metric that strongly controls Atlantic hurricanes. In particular, when tropical VWS is under the weakening phase and thus favorable for increased hurricane activity in the Main Development Region (MDR), a protective barrier of high VWS inhibits hurricane intensification along the U.S.

The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO from 1994 to 2007.

We quantify the oceanic sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO) over the period 1994 to 2007 by using observations from the global repeat hydrography program and contrasting them to observations from the 1990s. Using a linear regression-based method, we find a global increase in the anthropogenic CO inventory of 34 ± 4 petagrams of carbon (Pg C) between 1994 and 2007. This is equivalent to an average uptake rate of 2.

Jet stream dynamics, hydroclimate, and fire in California from 1600 CE to present.

Moisture delivery in California is largely regulated by the strength and position of the North Pacific jet stream (NPJ), winter high-altitude winds that influence regional hydroclimate and forest fire during the following warm season. We use climate model simulations and paleoclimate data to reconstruct winter NPJ characteristics back to 1571 CE to identify the influence of NPJ behavior on moisture and forest fire extremes in California before and during the more recent period of fire suppression. Maximum zonal NPJ velocity is lower and northward shifted and has a larger latitudinal spread during presuppression dry and high-fire extremes.

Author Correction: Recent increases in tropical cyclone intensification rates.

The original version of this Article contained an error in the second sentence of the first paragraph of the 'Quantile mapping' section of the Methods, which incorrectly read 'We primarily focus on results produced using an additive version of QDM by making use of R programming language code contained in the CRAN MBC package version 0.10-438.' The correct version states 'QDM' in place of 'QDM'.

Recent increases in tropical cyclone intensification rates.

Tropical cyclones that rapidly intensify are typically associated with the highest forecast errors and cause a disproportionate amount of human and financial losses. Therefore, it is crucial to understand if, and why, there are observed upward trends in tropical cyclone intensification rates. Here, we utilize two observational datasets to calculate 24-hour wind speed changes over the period 1982-2009.

Long-lasting poloidal ULF waves observed by multiple satellites and high-latitude SuperDARN radars.

Poloidal ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves between 5-10 mHz were observed by multiple satellites and three high-latitude Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radars during the recovery phase of a moderate geomagnetic storm on Jan 24-27, 2016. The long-lasting ULF waves were observed in the magnetic field and energetic particle flux perturbations during three successive passes by two Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) through the dayside magnetosphere, during which plasmasphere expansion and refilling were observed by two Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) probes. The radial magnetic field oscillation was in phase (~ 180° out of phase) with the northward (southward) moving proton flux oscillation at 95 keV, consistent with high-energy drift-bounce resonance signatures of protons with second harmonic poloidal standing Alfvén waves.

Terrorism, geopolitics, and oil security: Using remote sensing to estimate oil production of the Islamic State.

As the world's most traded commodity, oil production is typically well monitored and analyzed. It also has established links to geopolitics, international relations, and security. Despite this attention, the illicit production, refining, and trade of oil and derivative products occur all over the world and provide significant revenues outside of the oversight and regulation of governments.

Author Correction: A global slowdown of tropical-cyclone translation speed.

In this Letter, two errors in the methodology are corrected, leading to changes in Figs. 1-3 and Extended Data Figs. 1 and 2, although the essential results are not affected.

Population Health Adaptation Approaches to the Increasing Severity and Frequency of Weather-Related Disasters Resulting From our Changing Climate: A Literature Review and Application to Charleston, South Carolina.

Purpose Of Review: Recent changes in our planetary climate have and will continue to challenge historical knowledge and risk assumptions for weather-related disasters. While the public health community is rapidly working to develop epidemiological approaches and tools to mitigate and adapt to these weather-related disasters, recent high-profile events have exposed gaps in knowledge and response efforts. Limited work has been done to assess the climate readiness of the local public health and healthcare community as it pertains to local response planning and adaptation measures in the event of a weather-related disaster.

Hurricane Maria's Impact on Punta Santiago, Puerto Rico: Community Needs and Mental Health Assessment Six Months Postimpact.

Objectives: This pilot study aimed to assess the community needs and population health status for the low-income town of Punta Santiago, situated on the southeastern coast of Puerto Rico at the point where Hurricane Maria made landfall on September 20, 2017.

Methods: A cross-sectional, interviewer-administered survey was conducted 6 months after the storm with a representative random sample of 74 households. The survey characterized population demographics and resident needs in relation to storm damage and disruption.

Water Vapor Transfer and Near-Surface Salinity Contrasts in the North Atlantic Ocean.

Maintaining North Atlantic (NA) intra-basin near-surface salinity (NSS) contrast between the high NSS (>37.0) in the subtropical NA (STNA) and low NSS (<35.0) in the subpolar NA (SPNA) has been shown to be important in sustaining the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.