Immune cells in pemphigus vulgaris and bullous Pemphigoid: From pathogenic roles to targeting therapies.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and bullous pemphigoid (BP) are two major subtypes of autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBD), characterized by blisters and erosions of skin and/or mucous membranes with dysregulated immune activity. Current literature established that T and B cells are the main executors of PV and BP. Emerging evidence revealed that macrophages and related cytokines also contribute to these diseases.

Interactions of Fibroblast Subtypes Influence Osteoclastogenesis and Alveolar Bone Destruction in Periodontitis.

Background: To analyze the fibroblasts subtypes in the gingival tissues of healthy controls, gingivitis and periodontitis patients, as well as the effects of interaction between subtypes on alveolar bone destruction.

Methods: Gingival tissues were divided into three groups according to clinical and radiographic examination, and the immunostaining of EDA+FN was assessed. Fibroblasts from gingiva developed colony formation units (CFUs) and induced Trap+MNCs.

Surface modification of titanium implants with Mg-containing coatings to promote osseointegration.

Titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys are commonly used in dental implants, which have good biocompatibility, mechanical strength, processability, and corrosion resistance. However, the surface inertia of Ti implants leads to delayed integration of Ti and new bone, as well as problems such as aseptic loosening and inadequate osseointegration. Magnesium (Mg) ions can promote bone regeneration, and many studies have used Mg-containing materials to modify the Ti implant surface.

Prediction of condylar movement envelope surface based on facial morphology.

The present study aimed to predict the envelope surfaces from facial morphology. Condylar envelope surfaces for 34 healthy adults were formed and simplified as sagittal section curves. Cephalometric and maximum mandibular moving distances measurement were performed on the participants.

Slim the face or not: 3D change of facial soft and hard tissues after third molars extraction: a pilot study.

Background: Whether slim the face or not after removed third molars is the concern of some orthodontic treatment candidates. The aim of this article is to explore the volume changes of facial soft and hard tissues after third molars extraction, as well as develop a reproducible clinical protocol to precisely assess facial soft tissue volume change.

Methods: A non-randomized, non-blind, self-controlled pilot study was conducted.

Autophagy mediates cementoblast mineralization under compression through periostin/β-catenin axis.

Repair of orthodontic external root resorption and periodontal tissue dysfunction induced by mechanical force remains a clinical challenge. Cementoblasts are vital in cementum mineralization, a process important for restoring damaged cementum. Despite autophagy plays a role in mineralization under various environmental stimuli, the underlying mechanism of autophagy in mediating cementoblast mineralization remains unclear.

Association of edentulism and all-cause mortality in Chinese older adults: do sex differences exist?

Objectives: Previous studies revealed that tooth loss or edentulism was related to mortality. However, research in developing countries with large numbers of elderly populations is rare, and whether sex differences exist in this relationship is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between edentulism and 7-year all-cause mortality among older adults in China and whether sex differences existed.

Subjective evaluation of facial asymmetry with three-dimensional simulated images among the orthodontists and laypersons: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: We used three-dimensional (3D) virtual images to undertake a subjective evaluation of how different factors affect the perception of facial asymmetry among orthodontists and laypersons with the aim of providing a quantitative reference for clinics.

Materials And Methods: A 3D virtual symmetrical facial image was acquired using FaceGen Modeller software. The left chin, mandible, lip and cheek of the virtual face were simulated in the horizontal (interior/exterior), vertical (up/down), or sagittal (forward or backward) direction in 3, 5, and 7 mm respectively with Maya software to increase asymmetry for the further subjective evaluation.

Digital replication and transfer of interim to definitive complete arch implant-supported fixed prostheses by using a laboratory scanner.

The present technique describes an effective digital approach for the replication and transfer of occlusion, maxillomandibular relationship, and esthetic parameters from interim to definitive complete arch implant-supported fixed prostheses by laboratory scanning with transfer plates. Monolithic zirconia complete arch implant prostheses have been fabricated with satisfactory functional and esthetic outcomes.

Human β-defensins are correlated with the immune infiltration and regulated by vitamin D in periodontitis.

Objective: Exploring the correlation between human β-defensins (HBDs) and immune infiltration in periodontitis, and whether it is regulated by vitamin D .

Background: The human body produces essential antimicrobial peptides called HBDs, which are associated with periodontitis. There is a strong link between periodontal tissue destruction and the immune cell infiltration.

MetaLnc9 facilitates osteogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by activating the AKT pathway.

Aim Of The Study: To investigate the role of MetaLnc9 in the osteogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs).

Materials And Methods: We used lentiviruses to knockdown or overexpress MetaLnc9 in hBMSCs. qRT-PCR was employed to determine the mRNA levels of osteogenic-related genes in transfected cells.

Age estimation based on 3D pulp segmentation of first molars from CBCT images using U-Net.

Objective: To train a U-Net model to segment the intact pulp cavity of first molars and establish a reliable mathematical model for age estimation.

Methods: We trained a U-Net model by 20 sets of cone-beam CT images and this model was able to segment the intact pulp cavity of first molars. Utilizing this model, 239 maxillary first molars and 234 mandibular first molars from 142 males and 135 females aged 15-69 years old were segmented and the intact pulp cavity volumes were calculated, followed by logarithmic regression analysis to establish the mathematical model with age as the dependent variable and pulp cavity volume as the independent variable.

Clinical, histological and direct immunofluorescence features in oral mucosal patches striae diseases with malignant potential.

Background/purpose: Oral mucosal patches striae diseases (OMPSD) represent an important category of oral mucosal disease, most of which may have malignant potential (OMPSD-MP). The differential diagnosis is challenging due to overlap of their clinical and pathological features.

Materials And Methods: 116 OMPSD-MP patients were included in this cross-sectional study from November 2019 to February 2021, including oral lichen planus (OLP), oral lichenoid lesions (OLL), discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and oral leukoplakia (OLK).

The use of shear wave elastography to monitor changes in gingival elasticity associated with initial periodontal therapy in patients with advanced periodontitis: A prospective pilot study.

Background/purpose: Gingival tissue firmness cannot be objectively assessed or monitored in real-time in existing examinations. This study was designed to examine the potential utility of shear wave elastography (SWE) as a means of evaluating and monitoring gingival inflammation in an effort to assess the effects of initial periodontal therapy in patients with advanced periodontitis.

Materials And Methods: This pilot study included analyses of 66 sites in 6 advanced periodontitis patients.

Safety of deep intravenous propofol sedation in the dental treatment of children in the outpatient department.

Background/purpose: Intravenous sedation with propofol in the dental treatment offers an alternative to inhalation sedation or general anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and identify risk factors for intraoperative complications.

Materials And Methods: Uncooperative children who could not complete dental treatment under non-pharmacological behavior management or mild-to-moderate sedation in the outpatient pediatric department were selected.

Lysine 68 Methylation-Dependent SOX9 Stability Control Modulates Chondrogenic Differentiation in Dental Pulp Stem Cells.

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), characterized by easy availability, multi-lineage differentiation ability, and high proliferation ability, are ideal seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering. However, the epigenetic mechanism underlying chondrogenesis in DPSCs remains elusive. Herein, it is demonstrated that KDM3A and G9A, an antagonistic pair of histone-modifying enzymes, bidirectionally regulate the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs by controlling SOX9 (sex-determining region Y-type high-mobility group box protein 9) degradation through lysine methylation.

Treatment Durations and Whitening Outcomes of Different Tooth Whitening Systems.

: Tooth whitening is a relatively conservative and effective option to treat discolored teeth. However, questions remain whether in-office or at-home tooth whitening products with short treatment durations are as effective and stable as products with longer treatment durations. : Forty human third molars with intact enamel surfaces were divided into four groups of ten each, subjected to discoloration challenges with coffee for 60 h, and they were treated with four professional tooth whitening systems: two for take-home use-6% hydrogen peroxide for 30 min/d for a total of 7 h in 14 days (HP6), 10% carbamide peroxide for 10 h/d for 140 h in 14 days (CP10), as well as two for in-office use-35% HP for 10 min × 3 (HP35) for a total of 30 min and 40% HP for 20 min × 3 (HP40) for a total of 60 min.

Mucosal bleeding correlates with submucosal microbial dysbiosis in peri-implant mucositis of patients with periodontitis.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between microbial communities and the severity of peri-implant mucosal bleeding in peri-implant mucositis.

Materials And Methods: Submucosal plaque samples were collected from 54 implants divided into the healthy implant (HI) group, peri-implant mucositis (PM) group, and peri-implantitis (PI) group. Sequencing of 16S rRNA was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform.

Molecular mechanisms underlying the epigallocatechin-3-gallate-mediated inhibition of oral squamous cell carcinogenesis.

Objectives: To reveal the mechanisms underlying the epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-mediated inhibition of carcinogenesis and the related regulatory signaling pathways.

Design: The effect of EGCG on the proliferation of OSCC cells was examined. SuperPred, ChEMBL, Swiss TargetPrediction, DisGeNET, GeneCards, and National Center for Biotechnology Information databases were used to predict the EGCG target genes and oral leukoplakia (OL)-related, oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF)-related, and OSCC-related genes.

Biogenetic Vesicle-Based Cancer Vaccines with Tunable Surface Potential and Immune Potency.

Cancer vaccines are designed to motivate antigen-specific immune responses and facilitate tumor regression with minimal side effects. To fully exert the potential of vaccines, rationally designed formulations that effectively deliver antigens and trigger potent immune reactions are urgently needed. This study demonstrates a simple and controllable vaccine-developing strategy that assembles tumor antigens into bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), natural delivery vehicles with intrinsic immune adjuvant properties, via electrostatic interaction.

A 3D-printed orthopedic implant with dual-effect synergy based on MoS and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for tumor therapy and bone regeneration.

Treatments for malignant bone tumors are urgently needed to be developed due to the dilemma of precise resection of tumor tissue and subsequent bone defects. Although polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) has widely attracted attention in the orthopedic field, its bioinertness and poor osteogenic properties significantly restrict its applications in bone tumor treatment. To tackle the daunting issue, we use a hydrothermal technique to fabricate novel PEEK scaffolds modified with molybdenum disulfide (MoS) nanosheets and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles.

Photodynamic immunotherapy using ADU-S100-modified nanoparticles to treat triple-negative breast cancer.

STING agonists in immunotherapy show great promise and are currently in clinical trials. Combinations of STING agonists with other therapies remain underexplored. This study aimed to combine STING agonist-mediated immunotherapy with photodynamic therapy to treat breast cancer.

Accuracy in predicting soft tissue changes of orthodontic class III cases using Dolphin® software.

Objectives: The prediction of posttreatment outcomes is conducive to the final determination of ideal therapeutic options. However, the prediction accuracy in orthodontic class III cases is unclear. Therefore, this study conducted exploration on prediction accuracy in orthodontic class III patients using the Dolphin® software.