Low Nitrogen Enhances Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Triggering NO Uptake and Its Long-Distance Translocation.

Nitrogen is essential for plant growth and crop productivity; however, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) decreases with increasing N supply, resulting in a waste of resources. Molecular mechanisms underlying low-nitrogen (LN)-mediated enhancement of NUE are not clear. We used high-NUE Brassica napus genotype H (Xiangyou 15), low-NUE B.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis in Oilseed Rape () Reveals Distinct Gene Expression Details between Nitrate and Ammonium Nutrition.

Nitrate (NO) and ammonium (NH) are the main inorganic nitrogen (N) sources absorbed by oilseed rape, a plant that exhibits genotypic differences in N efficiency. In our previous study, the biomass, N accumulation, and root architecture of two oilseed rape cultivars, Xiangyou 15 (high N efficiency, denoted "15") and 814 (low N efficiency, denoted "814"), were inhibited under NH nutrition, though both cultivars grew normally under NO nutrition. To gain insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms, transcriptomic changes were investigated in the roots of 15 and 814 plants subjected to nitrogen-free (control, CK), NO (NT), and NH (AT) treatments at the seedling stage.

Balance between nitrogen use efficiency and cadmium tolerance in Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana.

The transmembrane transport of NO and Cd into plant cell vacuoles relies on the energy from their tonoplast proton pumps, V-ATPase and V-PPase. If the activity of these pumps is reduced, it results in less NO and Cd being transported into the vacuoles, which contributes to better nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and lower Cd tolerance in plants. The physiological mechanisms that regulate the balance between NUE and Cd tolerance remain unknown.

Sequencing of Cultivated Peanut, Arachis hypogaea, Yields Insights into Genome Evolution and Oil Improvement.

Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an allotetraploid crop planted in Asia, Africa, and America for edible oil and protein. To explore the origins and consequences of tetraploidy, we sequenced the allotetraploid A. hypogaea genome and compared it with the related diploid Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis genomes.

Mechanism Enhancing Arabidopsis Resistance to Cadmium: The Role of and Proton Pump.

Heavy metal pollution is serious in China, and abscisic acid (ABA) is an important stress hormone. How it regulates plant tolerance to cadmium remains unclear, so we aimed to explore the molecular mechanism responsible for enhanced cadmium resistance in Arabidopsis wild-type and mutant plants and seedlings. Arabidopsis/ were cultured hydroponically for 28/15 days and then treated with 20/10 μM Cd/Cd+ABA (5 μM) for 3/4 days.

Consensus map integration and QTL meta-analysis narrowed a locus for yield traits to 0.7 cM and refined a region for late leaf spot resistance traits to 0.38 cM on linkage group A05 in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Background: Many large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for yield and disease resistance related traits have been identified in different mapping populations of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under multiple environments. However, only a limited number of QTLs have been used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) because of unfavorable epistatic interactions between QTLs in different genetic backgrounds.

NRT1.1-Related NH Toxicity Is Associated with a Disturbed Balance between NH Uptake and Assimilation.

A high concentration of ammonium (NH ) as the sole source of nitrogen in the growth medium often is toxic to plants. The nitrate transporter NRT1.1 is involved in mediating the effects of NH toxicity; however, the mechanism remains undefined.

Corrigendum: Genome Sequencing and Analysis of the Peanut B-Genome Progenitor ().

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.

Genomics-Assisted Identification and Characterization of the Genetic Variants Underlying Differential Nitrogen Use Efficiencies in Allotetraploid Rapeseed Genotypes.

Nitrogen (N) is a non-mineral macronutrient essential for plant growth and development. Oilseed rape (AACC, 2 = 4 = 38) has a high requirement for N nutrients whereas showing the lowest N use efficiency (NUE) among crops. The mechanisms underlying NUE regulation in remain unclear because of genome complexity.

Genome Sequencing and Analysis of the Peanut B-Genome Progenitor ().

Peanut ( L.), an important leguminous crop, is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Peanut is an allotetraploid, having A and B subgenomes that maybe have originated in its diploid progenitors (A-genome) and (B-genome), respectively.

TALEN-mediated targeted mutagenesis of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) promotes the accumulation of oleic acid.

A first creation of high oleic acid peanut varieties by using transcription activator-like effecter nucleases (TALENs) mediated targeted mutagenesis of Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 (FAD2). Transcription activator like effector nucleases (TALENs), which allow the precise editing of DNA, have already been developed and applied for genome engineering in diverse organisms. However, they are scarcely used in higher plant study and crop improvement, especially in allopolyploid plants.

Identification of the Candidate Proteins Related to Oleic Acid Accumulation during Peanut ( L.) Seed Development through Comparative Proteome Analysis.

Peanuts ( L.) are an important oilseed crop, containing high contents of protein and fatty acids (FA). The major components of FA found in peanut oil are unsaturated FAs, including oleic acid (OA, C18:1) and linoleic acid (LOA, C18:2).

Genome-Wide Association Study of Seed Dormancy and the Genomic Consequences of Improvement Footprints in Rice ( L.).

Seed dormancy is an important agronomic trait affecting grain yield and quality because of pre-harvest germination and is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. However, our knowledge of the factors controlling seed dormancy remains limited. To better reveal the molecular mechanism underlying this trait, a genome-wide association study was conducted in an -only population consisting of 453 accessions genotyped using 5,291 SNPs.

Association Mapping Reveals Novel Genetic Loci Contributing to Flooding Tolerance during Germination in Rice.

Rice ( L.) is the only cereal crop that possesses the ability to germinate under flooded or other oxygen-deficient conditions. Rapid elongation of the coleoptile is a perfect response to flooding during germination, with coleoptile length differing among various rice varieties.

Effects of a controlled-release fertilizer on yield, nutrient uptake, and fertilizer usage efficiency in early ripening rapeseed (Brassica napus L.).

Background: Nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) are critical nutrient elements necessary for crop plant growth and development. However, excessive inputs will lead to inefficient usage and cause excessive nutrient losses in the field environment, and also adversely affect the soil, water and air quality, human health, and biodiversity.

Methods: Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) on seed yield, plant growth, nutrient uptake, and fertilizer usage efficiency for early ripening rapeseed (Xiangzayou 1613) in the red-yellow soil of southern China during 2011-2013.

Nitrogen Use Efficiency Is Mediated by Vacuolar Nitrate Sequestration Capacity in Roots of Brassica napus.

Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crop plants is an important breeding target to reduce excessive use of chemical fertilizers, with substantial benefits to farmers and the environment. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), allocation of more NO3 (-) to shoots was associated with higher NUE; however, the commonality of this process across plant species have not been sufficiently studied. Two Brassica napus genotypes were identified with high and low NUE.

Transcriptome-wide sequencing provides insights into geocarpy in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

A characteristic feature of peanut is the subterranean fructification, geocarpy, in which the gynophore ('peg'), a specialized organ that transitions from upward growth habit to downward outgrowth upon fertilization, drives the developing pod into the soil for subsequent development underground. As a step towards understanding this phenomenon, we explore the developmental dynamics of the peanut pod transcriptome at 11 successive stages. We identified 110 217 transcripts across developmental stages and quantified their abundance along a pod developmental gradient in pod wall.