Chemical profile changes in Peanut seeds infected with aspergillus flavus via widely targeted metabolomics.

Peanut seeds are enriched with protein and fatty acids, making them susceptible to infection by Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus). The infected seeds are harmful to human health due to the aflatoxin contamination.

KINASE-INDUCIBLE DOMAIN INTERACTING 8 regulates helical pod morphology in Medicago truncatula.

Leguminosae exhibits a wide diversity of legume forms with varying degrees of spiral morphologies, serving as an ideal clade for studying the growth and development of spiral organs. While soybean (Glycine max) develops straight pods, the pod of the model legume Medicago truncatula is a helix structure. Despite the fascinating structures and intensive description of the pods in legumes, little is known regarding the genetic mechanism underlying the highly varied spirality of the legume pods.

ScRNA-seq reveals dark- and light-induced differentially expressed gene atlases of seedling leaves in Arachis hypogaea L.

Although the regulatory mechanisms of dark and light-induced plant morphogenesis have been broadly investigated, the biological process in peanuts has not been systematically explored on single-cell resolution. Herein, 10 cell clusters were characterized using scRNA-seq-identified marker genes, based on 13 409 and 11 296 single cells from 1-week-old peanut seedling leaves grown under dark and light conditions. 6104 genes and 50 transcription factors (TFs) displayed significant expression patterns in distinct cell clusters, which provided gene resources for profiling dark/light-induced candidate genes.

Silica nanoparticles conferring resistance to bacterial wilt in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Peanut bacterial wilt (PBW) caused by the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum severely affects the growth and yield potential of peanut crop. In this study, we synthesized silica nanoparticles (SiO NPs), a prospective efficient management approach to control PBW, and conducted a hydroponic experiment to investigate the effects of different SiO NPs treatments (i.e.

l-Glutamate Seed Priming Enhances 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline Formation in Fragrant Rice Seedlings in Response to Arsenite Stress.

2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) is a fragrance compound and flavor in fragrant rice whose precursors are generally glutamate (Glu) and proline (Pro). Our previous study revealed that exogenous Glu enhanced the arsenic (As) tolerance in fragrant rice by improving the ascorbic acid-glutathione cycle and the Pro content in roots. However, less is known about how Glu is involved in 2-AP biosynthesis in fragrant rice under As stress.

Analyzing Morphology, Metabolomics, and Transcriptomics Offers Invaluable Insights into the Mechanisms of Pigment Accumulation in the Diverse-Colored Labellum Tissues of .

plants are widely cherished for their vibrant and captivating flowers. The unique feature of this genus lies in their labellum, a specialized floral structure resulting from the fusion of two non-fertile staminodes. However, the intricate process of pigment formation, leading to distinct color patterns in the various labellum segments of , remains a subject of limited understanding.

A Single-Nucleus Resolution Atlas of Transcriptome and Chromatin Accessibility for Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Leaves.

The peanut is an important worldwide cash-crop for edible oil and protein. However, the kinetic mechanisms that determine gene expression and chromatin accessibility during leaf development in peanut represented allotetraploid leguminous crops are poorly understood at single-cell resolution. Here, a single-nucleus atlas of peanut leaves is developed by simultaneously profiling the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility in the same individual-cell using fluorescence-activated sorted single-nuclei.

Single cell RNA-seq in phytohormone signaling: a promising future.

Phytohormone signaling regulates plant growth and development. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides unprecedented opportunities to decipher hormone-mediated spatiotemporal gene regulatory networks. In a recent study, Nolan et al.

Silicon Application for the Modulation of Rhizosphere Soil Bacterial Community Structures and Metabolite Profiles in Peanut under Inoculation.

Silicon (Si) has been shown to promote peanut growth and yield, but whether Si can enhance the resistance against peanut bacterial wilt (PBW) caused by , identified as a soil-borne pathogen, is still unclear. A question regarding whether Si enhances the resistance of PBW is still unclear. Here, an in vitro inoculation experiment was conducted to study the effects of Si application on the disease severity and phenotype of peanuts, as well as the microbial ecology of the rhizosphere.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression of Gene Family Provide Insight Into Pod Development in Peanut ().

The () transcription family were initially identified as important factors for phytochrome A (phyA)-mediated far-red light signaling in ; they play crucial roles in controlling the growth and development of plants. The reported reference genome sequences of , including , , , and , and its related species provide an opportunity to systematically perform a genome-wide identification of homologous genes and investigate expression patterns of these members in peanut species. Here, a total of 650 genes were identified from four and its closely related species .

Lipid profile variations in high olecic acid peanuts by following different cooking processes.

High oleic acid (OA) peanut seed (PS), contains a higher ratio of oleic acid (C18:1) compared to general PS, which is favored by consumers due to its health benefits. However, comprehensive lipid metabolite profiles of high-OA PS, once they have been processed via domestic cooking methods, have never been produced. To establish a scientific guide for the selection of the most appropriate processing method for high-OA PS, lipidomics was performed to identify 706 lipid metabolites in high-OA PS following boiling, baking and frying, between the three groups, 75, 175 and 242 lipid metabolites were differentially expressed respectively.

Impact of different cooking methods on the chemical profile of high-oleic acid peanut seeds.

High oleic acid (OA) peanut seeds (PS) can be beneficial for human health. However, chemical variations in high-OA PS after domestic cooking are not fully understood. In order to investigate the impact of different cooking methods on the chemical profile of high-OA PS, widely established metabolomics approach was employed to identify the relative contents of PS metabolites.

Nitrogen form-mediated ethylene signal regulates root-to-shoot K translocation via NRT1.5.

Nitrogen-potassium synergistic and antagonistic interactions are the typical case of nutrient interactions. However, the underlying mechanism for the integration of the external N form into K homeostasis remains unclear. Here, we show that opposite effects of NO and NH on root-shoot K translocation were due to differential regulation of an ethylene signalling pathway targeting the NRT1.

Single-cell RNA-seq describes the transcriptome landscape and identifies critical transcription factors in the leaf blade of the allotetraploid peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) has been highlighted as a powerful tool for the description of human cell transcriptome, but the technology has not been broadly applied in plant cells. Herein, we describe the successful development of a robust protoplast cell isolation system in the peanut leaf. A total of 6,815 single cells were divided into eight cell clusters based on reported marker genes by applying scRNA-seq.

Higher Cd-accumulating oilseed rape has stronger Cd tolerance due to stronger Cd fixation in pectin and hemicellulose and higher Cd chelation.

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) has potential as a hyperaccumulator in the phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils. Oilseed rape varieties with higher Cd accumulation ability and Cd tolerance are ideal candidates for the hyperaccumulation of excess Cd. To explore the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying Cd tolerance and high Cd accumulation in oilseed rape leaves, we examined two genotypes, "BN067" (Cd-sensitive with lower Cd accumulation in leaves) and "BN06" (Cd-tolerant with higher Cd accumulation in leaves).

Transcriptome Analysis Identified Coordinated Control of Key Pathways Regulating Cellular Physiology and Metabolism upon Infection Resulting in Reduced Aflatoxin Production in Groundnut.

Aflatoxin-affected groundnut or peanut presents a major global health issue to both commercial and subsistence farming. Therefore, understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms associated with resistance to aflatoxin production during host-pathogen interactions is crucial for breeding groundnut cultivars with minimal level of aflatoxin contamination. Here, we performed gene expression profiling to better understand the mechanisms involved in reduction and prevention of aflatoxin contamination resulting from infection in groundnut seeds.

A proteomic analysis of peanut seed at different stages of underground development to understand the changes of seed proteins.

In order to obtain more valuable insights into the protein dynamics and accumulation of allergens in seeds during underground development, we performed a proteomic study on developing peanut seeds at seven different stages. A total of 264 proteins with altered abundance and contained at least one unique peptide was detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). All identified proteins were classified into five functional categories as level 1 and 20 secondary functional categories as level 2.

Improving Gene Annotation of the Peanut Genome by Integrated Proteogenomics Workflow.

Peanut ( L.) is a staple crop in semiarid tropical and subtropical regions. Although the genome of peanut has been fully sequenced, the current gene annotations are still incomplete.

Boron alleviates cadmium toxicity in Brassica napus by promoting the chelation of cadmium onto the root cell wall components.

In Southern China, rice-oil rotations occur on soils with high levels of cadmium (Cd) and low levels of available boron (B). Boron can alleviate Cd toxicity, as it affects the plant cell wall structures and the components that block the entry of Cd into the cytoplasm; however, these mechanisms are not well understood. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescent probe dye, electron microscope, ion abundance (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), metabonomics and transcriptomics were used in the study, and we found that under Cd stress, B increased root pectin content by affecting the biosynthesis pathways and decreasing the activity of pectinase and the expression levels of related genes.

Boron mitigates cadmium toxicity to rapeseed (Brassica napus) shoots by relieving oxidative stress and enhancing cadmium chelation onto cell walls.

In southern China, Brassica napus (rapeseed) is a widely planted oilseed crop in rice-rapeseed rotation systems with characteristically high levels of cadmium (Cd) and low levels of available boron (B). Current knowledge of the ameliorative effects of B on Cd toxicity in plants mainly concerns plant growth, Cd uptake, and Cd translocation, while little attention has been paid to the role of B on plant antioxidant enzyme systems and cell wall chelation of Cd. We explored the mechanisms whereby B improves rapeseed Cd resistance.

Transcription factor WRKY23 is involved in ammonium-induced repression of Arabidopsis primary root growth under ammonium toxicity.

Although WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are known to be involved in the regulation of plant root development, the mechanisms by which these TFs regulate plant tolerance to ammonium (NH) toxicity remain unclear. To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying NH-induced repression of primary root growth and NH sensitivity in Arabidopsis, wild-type (Col-0) and mutant (wrky23) plants were treated with 10 mM KNO (control) or 5 mM (NH)SO (NH toxicity) for 7 days. Under NH toxicity, the fresh weight of wrky23 mutant was significantly lower than that of Col-0 plants, and the NH concentration in wrky23 roots was significantly higher than that in Col-0 roots.

Integrated Analysis of Comparative Lipidomics and Proteomics Reveals the Dynamic Changes of Lipid Molecular Species in High-Oleic Acid Peanut Seed.

Modern peanut contains fatty acid desaturase 2 (2) mutation, which is capable of producing high oleic acid for human health. However, the dynamic changes of the lipidome regarding 2 remain elusive in peanut seed. In the present study, 547 lipid features were identified in high- and normal-oleic peanut seeds by utilizing the mass spectrometric approach.

Genome-wide identification of microsatellite markers from cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Background: Microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs), represent important DNA variations that are widely distributed across the entire plant genome and can be used to develop SSR markers, which can then be used to conduct genetic analyses and molecular breeding. Cultivated peanut (A. hypogaea L.

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the High-Oleic Acid Feedback Regulating the Homologous Gene Expression of Stearoyl-ACP Desaturase 2 () in Peanuts.

Peanuts with high oleic acid content are usually considered to be beneficial for human health and edible oil storage. In breeding practice, peanut lines with high monounsaturated fatty acids are selected using (), which is responsible for the conversion of oleic acid (C18:1) to linoleic acid (C18:2). Here, comparative transcriptomics were used to analyze the global gene expression profile of high- and normal-oleic peanut cultivars at six time points during seed development.