Effect of different interventions for latent tuberculosis infections in China: a model-based study.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has a serious impact on people's health. China is one of 30 countries that has a high TB burden. As the currently decreasing speed of the incidence of TB, the WHO's goal of "End TB Strategy" is hard to achieve by 2035.

Prevalence, Incidence, and Characteristics of Tuberculosis Among Known Diabetes Patients - A Prospective Cohort Study in 10 Sites, 2013-2015.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: The association of diabetes mellitus (DM) with both increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) and unfavorable treatment outcomes has been identified by many studies (1). However, epidemic data for TB cases in DM patients is absent in China.

What Is Added By This Report?: This current population-based prospective cohort study, conducted in ten counties located in eastern, central, and western China during 2013-2015, revealed a high prevalence and incidence of TB in known DM patients.

Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis via identification of core genes and pathways utilizing blood transcriptional signatures: a multicohort analysis.

Background: Blood transcriptomics can be used for confirmation of tuberculosis diagnosis or sputumless triage, and a comparison of their practical diagnostic accuracy is needed to assess their usefulness. In this study, we investigated potential biomarkers to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) using bioinformatics methods.

Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed between PTB and healthy controls (HCs) based on two microarray datasets.

Acceptability of Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment Strategies Among Healthcare Workers Using an Online Survey - China, 2021.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: In the absence of effective vaccines, tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is essential for the rapid decrease in incidences of tuberculosis (TB), and healthcare workers' acceptability is vital to implementing TPT.

What Is Added By This Report?: Overall, 86.5% of healthcare workers knew what TPT was.

The Impact of COVID-19 Epidemic on Tuberculosis Reports Among Students - Guizhou Province, China, 2020.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: In 2020, the implementation of non-medical interventions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has created a negative impact on tuberculosis (TB) control. It is unclear if the prevalence of TB among students in Guizhou Province was also affected.

What Is Added By This Report?: Among TB cases, the proportion of student TB patients was 19.

Diversity of Gene and Its Effect on Drug Sensitivity in .

Background: Glycerol kinase () is essential for the first step of glycerol catabolism in . However, has been known to grow poorly in glycerol media because of a base insertion in the gene.

Methods: We analyzed the gene sequences of 60 clinical isolates, and determined the minimum inhibitory concentration of 14 drugs by microdilution method to evaluate the effect of frameshift mutations on drug sensitivity.

Detection of Rifampicin Resistance Conferred by Borderline Mutations: Xpert MTB/RIF is Superior to Phenotypic Drug Susceptibility Testing.

Objective: To compare the ability of detection of borderline rifampicin resistance in between molecular assay and phenotypic drug susceptibility tests.

Methods: Fifty-seven isolates with His445Leu, Asp435Tyr, Leu452Pro, Leu430Pro, His445Asn, Ile491Phe, and His445Ser mutations in gene identified by whole-genome sequencing conferring borderline rifampicin resistance were included. Molecular-based Xpert MTB/RIF, phenotypic Löwenstein-Jensen (L-J) medium-based drug susceptibility test (DST) with a critical concentration of 40.

[China's countermeasures in the context of Global Tuberculosis Prevention Action].

In order to speed up the expansion of global tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT), the WHO released "CALL TO ACTION 2.0 A GLOBAL DRIVE TO SCALE UP TB PREVENTION" in June 2021, calling on governments and other stakeholders to increase investment, expand the TB screening and diagnosis, and accelerate coverage of TB preventive treatment. To ensure reach the targets of TPT committed by Heads of State at the UN High Level Meeting on TB (UN-HLM) in 2018.

Tuberculosis burden caused by migrant population in Eastern China: evidence from notification records in Zhejiang Province during 2013-2017.

Background: Internal migrants have an enormous impact on tuberculosis (TB) epidemic in China. Zhejiang Province, as one of the developed areas, also had a heavy burden caused by TB.

Methods: In this study, we collected all cases in Zhejiang Province through the TB Management Information System from 2013 to 2017.

Strong Increase in Moxifloxacin Resistance Rate among Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in China, 2007 to 2013.

We designed this study to determine the trend of moxifloxacin resistance among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients from 2007 to 2013 in China to inform the composition of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) treatment regimens. We assessed moxifloxacin resistance among MDR-TB isolates collected in national drug resistance surveys in 2007 and 2013 that included 3,634 smear-positive and 7,206 culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients, respectively. Moxifloxacin susceptibility was examined by a Mycobacterium growth indicator tube (MGIT) 960 for the 2007 isolates, and by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method for the 2013 isolates, at both breakpoints 0.

Estimating the Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Reductions in Tuberculosis Cases and the Epidemiological Trends in China: A Causal Impact Analysis.

Objective: COVID-19 may have a demonstrable influence on disease patterns. However, it remained unknown how tuberculosis (TB) epidemics are impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on the decreases in the TB case notifications and to forecast the epidemiological trends in China.

Tuberculosis Outbreak in an Educational Institution in Henan Province, China.

On June 17, 2018, a case of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was reported among students at a senior high school in Luoning, China. The outbreak encompassed a total of 23 cases along with TB screening in the whole school by means of PPD and chest X-ray. By the end of September 2018, the entire 9 cases cultured positive had epidemiological association.

Practical Experiences of Delivering Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Comprehensive Supportive Care Services in China.

The World Health Organization consolidated guidelines on recommend care for tuberculosis (TB) and support for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients. But guidelines have not provided detailed guidance or tools for health services providers to implement comprehensive patient care. China CDC and the United States Agency for International Development-funded Control and Prevention of MDR-TB program introduced a differentiated and personalized comprehensive and supportive care services (CSC) to improve treatment adherence.

A Tuberculosis Outbreak During the COVID-19 Pandemic - Hubei Province, China, 2020.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a growing threat to public health. There were few reports about family-to-school MDR-TB outbreaks in China, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A tuberculosis (TB) outbreak happened in Hubei Province during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in Students - China, 2015-2019.

The number of students with tuberculosis (TB) has been increasing since 2015. However, the prevalence of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) among student population is unclear. The number of students with RR-TB has significantly increased from 2015 to 2019, especially in the western region of China.

Health Facilities and Treatment Service Models of the National Tuberculosis Program - China, 2010-2020.

A new tuberculosis (TB) treatment service model called "trinity model" has been adopted in China since 2010 but the implementation coverage is still unknown. In 2020, more than one-third (36.5%) of health facilities diagnosed less than 100 TB cases, about one-fourth (25.

Implementation Performance of Tuberculosis Control in China: 2011-2020.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: World Health Organization (WHO) launched END TB Strategy but performance of tuberculosis (TB) control in China hasn't been systematically evaluated after 2010.

What Is Added By This Report?: All five key indicators monitorred in national TB program (NTP) have kept with high level or got impressively improved from 2011 to 2020. There were some differences in the performance of indicators among different regions.

National Proficiency Testing of Molecular Diagnostics for Tuberculosis and Drug Resistance Detection - China, 2014-2019.

Proficiency testing (PT) is a key component of quality assurance and is essential in ensuring accurate laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and drug-resistant TB. The National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory (NTRL) developed a novel PT panel to test laboratories' proficiency for molecular TB diagnostic assays throughout the TB laboratory network. A total of 6 PT rounds for molecular diagnostics were conducted by NTRL from 2014 to 2019.

Guiding Tuberculosis Control Through the Healthy China Initiative 2019-2030.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health problem, especially in China. China has the third largest TB burden in the world with nearly 0.9 million new TB cases emerging annually.