2,869 results match your criteria: "National Center for HIV[Affiliation]"

Uptake of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Medicare Beneficiaries - United States, 2014-2021.

J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr

December 2024

Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

Background: Previous studies have estimated preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among persons with commercial health insurance and Medicaid. However, data are lacking regarding PrEP use among those with Medicare.

Methods: Using a previously developed algorithm, we estimated the number of Medicare beneficiaries (MBs) with fee-for-service (FFS) claims who were prescribed PrEP from 2014 to 2021.

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Introduction: Childhood mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders (MBDD) are common and are associated with poor health and well-being. Monitoring the prevalence of MBDDs among children and factors that may influence health outcomes is important to understanding risk and promoting population health.

Method: We examined trends in parent-reported lifetime MBDDs among children and associated health promotion and risk indicators from 2016 through 2021 by using data from the National Survey of Children's Health.

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Objectives: Globally, there is a lack of evidence regarding access to and utilisation of antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs). This might hinder public health interventions to increase testing. We conducted a survey to understand access to and utilisation of COVID-19 Ag-RDT among residents in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

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Hepatitis B (HepB) vaccines have demonstrated safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy during the past 4 decades (1,2). The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends universal HepB vaccination for adults aged 19-59 years, including pregnant persons, and adults aged ≥60 years with risk factors for hepatitis B. Adults aged ≥60 years without known risk factors for hepatitis B may also receive HepB vaccines (2).

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SHIV remission in macaques with early treatment initiation and ultra long-lasting antiviral activity.

Nat Commun

December 2024

Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Studies in SIV-infected macaques show that the virus reservoir is particularly refractory to conventional suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). We posit that optimized ART regimens designed to have robust penetration in tissue reservoirs and long-lasting antiviral activity may be advantageous for HIV or SIV remission. Here we treat macaques infected with RT-SHIV with oral emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide and long-acting cabotegravir/rilpivirine without (n = 4) or with (n = 4) the immune activator vesatolimod after the initial onset of viremia.

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Article Synopsis
  • Stigma and lack of social support create obstacles for HIV prevention among cisgender Black women, particularly in the U.S. South, leading to low rates of PrEP initiation and adherence.
  • The study examined experiences with stigma and support among PrEP-naïve and experienced Black women in Mississippi through focus groups and interviews.
  • Findings revealed themes of gendered racism, enacted and anticipated stigma regarding PrEP, strategies to cope with stigma, and the positive impact of social support on PrEP use and adherence.
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  • * From 2017 to 2022, the study evaluated HCV incidence among repeat blood donors, finding a decline in seroconversion rates from 408 to 218 per 100,000 person-years, and infection rates from 172 to 118 per 100,000 person-years.
  • * The highest incidences of HCV were among males, younger adults (18-39), and those last tested in prisons, indicating a need for targeted prevention and treatment efforts in these high-risk groups in Georgia.
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Next-generation 3D printed multipurpose prevention intravaginal ring for prevention of HIV, HSV-2, and unintended pregnancy.

J Control Release

December 2024

Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • * The study introduces a 3D printed multipurpose prevention technology (MPT) intravaginal ring (IVR) designed to prevent HIV, HSV-2, and unintended pregnancy, utilizing advanced 3D printing techniques and biocompatible materials.
  • * The IVRs demonstrated stable drug release and safety in macaque studies, maintaining effectiveness and tolerability over a 28-day period without causing any significant inflammatory responses.
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Background: In the fall of 2020, the COVID-19 infodemic began to affect public confidence in and demand for COVID-19 vaccines in the United States. While polls indicated what consumers felt regarding COVID-19 vaccines, they did not provide an understanding of why they felt that way or the social and informational influences that factored into vaccine confidence and uptake. It was essential for us to better understand how information ecosystems were affecting the confidence in and demand for COVID-19 vaccines in the United States.

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Validation of a Simplified Laboratory-Based HCV Clearance Definition Using New York City Hepatitis C Program and Surveillance Data.

J Public Health Manag Pract

October 2024

Author Affiliations: Bureau of Hepatitis, HIV and STI, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, New York (Mss Hwang, Diaz Munoz, and Bocour); and National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention at US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Drs Montgomery, Yin, and Teshale).

Context: Laboratory-based hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance cascades are an important tool for health departments to track progress toward HCV elimination, but a laboratory-based definition of HCV clearance has not yet been validated.

Objective: To compare agreement between a laboratory-based HCV clearance definition with a clinical cure definition.

Design: Observational.

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Introduction: The South and Southeast Asia region has the second-highest number of people living with HIV globally. Despite progress in reducing HIV incidence and AIDS-related deaths, the region still has a long way to go in achieving the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 95-95-95 HIV testing, treatment and viral suppression targets. HIV self-testing (HIVST) is recommended by the World Health Organization as an additional approach to HIV testing.

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Despite advances in HIV care and treatment in the U.S., disparities in outcomes along the HIV care continuum persist.

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The effects of HIV self-testing on HIV incidence and awareness of status among men who have sex with men in the United States: Insights from a novel compartmental model.

Epidemics

December 2024

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Division of HIV Prevention (DHP), Quantitative Sciences Branch (QSB), USA.

Background: The OraQuick In-Home HIV self-test represents a fast, inexpensive, and convenient method for users to assess their HIV status. If integrated thoughtfully into existing testing practices, accompanied by efficient pathways to formal diagnosis, self-testing could enhance both HIV awareness and reduce HIV incidence. However, currently available self-tests are less sensitive, particularly for recent infection, when compared to gold-standard laboratory tests.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study used the National Immunization Survey data and regression tree methodology to analyze how demographic and geographic factors affected COVID-19 vaccination rates over time, revealing previously unrecognized patterns.
  • Three models were created to track the likelihood of individuals receiving the first vaccine dose, completing the vaccination series, and getting a booster dose, with specific demographic groups showing different propensities based on age, recent vaccinations, and work or school requirements.
  • Key findings included that older adults were more likely to get vaccinated and boosted, individuals who had received other vaccines recently were more likely to start and complete their vaccinations, and those with vaccination requirements from work or school were also more inclined to complete the primary series.
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Background: To compare racial and ethnic disparities in HIV diagnosis rates among adults in census tracts with most disadvantaged vs advantaged levels of social determinants of health (SDOH).

Methods: In this ecological analysis, we used the National HIV Surveillance System data in 2021 and SDOH data from 2017-2021 American Community Survey. We measured racial and ethnic disparities stratified by sex in the most disadvantaged quartiles and advantaged quartiles for: 1) Poverty 2) Education level 3) Median household income and 4) Insurance coverage.

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Background And Aims: In the United States, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection occurs primarily through injection drug use (IDU), but transmission also occurs through other ways. This study examined HCV prevalence and disparities among US residents aged 12-59 years with no IDU history.

Methods: We analysed 2013-March 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to calculate the HCV prevalence among people with no drug use history and only a non-IDU history, collectively referred to as no IDU history.

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Article Synopsis
  • The report updates the 1999 CDC Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health to include new advancements and lessons learned in evaluation and public health.
  • The 2024 framework introduces a nonprescriptive tool with six steps for effective evaluation planning and implementation, while emphasizing engagement, equity, and learning from insights.
  • It serves as a guide for designing evaluations applicable to various programs, enhancing evidence-based decision-making, and improving program outcomes across different areas.
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Background: Tuberculosis infection (TBI) and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection disproportionately affect non-US-born persons. Early identification and treatment are critical to reduce transmission, morbidity, and mortality, but little is known about screening in the United States.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in a large integrated California health system in September 2022 assessing TBI and HBV screening among persons aged ≥18 years who were born in countries with high TB burden (TB disease incidence rates ≥20/100 000 population) and/or HBV burden (hepatitis B surface antigen seroprevalence >2%).

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Importance: Despite significant progress made toward tuberculosis (TB) elimination, racial and ethnic disparities persist in TB incidence and case-fatality rates in the US.

Objective: To estimate the health outcomes and economic cost of TB disparities among US-born persons from 2023 to 2035.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Generalized additive regression models projecting trends in TB incidence and case-fatality rates from 2023 to 2035 were fit based on national TB surveillance data for 2010 to 2019 in the 50 US states and the District of Columbia among US-born persons.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study assessed the effectiveness of online platforms for distributing HIV self-tests (HIVSTs) to Black or African American men who have sex with men (BMSM) and transgender women (TGW).
  • It involved recruiting participants from various dating and general interest websites, mailing them two HIVSTs, and conducting multiple surveys to track testing behavior and results over time.
  • Findings showed a significant portion of participants had never tested for HIV, with higher positive results among those recruited from dating platforms, highlighting the potential of these online spaces to raise awareness and support HIV testing among underserved populations.
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Objective: Providing health care during the COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a high mental health burden for health care providers. This study examined patterns of responses and correlates of class membership across commonly assessed mental health symptoms, psychosocial functioning, and moral injury for providers in the United States in Fall 2022.

Method: A convenience sample of 1,504 primary care physicians, pediatricians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants who had been in practice for three or more years ( = 46.

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Background: Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. (EHE) aims to end the HIV epidemic by focusing on 57 jurisdictions most impacted by HIV.

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Objectives: The health communications campaign aims to increase the awareness of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) primarily among people born in the Philippines and Vietnam and other non-US-born groups (consumers) and the health care providers (providers) who serve them. We conducted a process evaluation to assess reach and audience engagement and an outcome evaluation to assess awareness, knowledge, perceptions, and behavioral intentions among audiences of the campaign.

Methods: To evaluate the process, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention measured exposure to (eg, with impressions [total advertisements]) and engagement with (eg, online clicks) the campaign during its rollout (March-September 2022).

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