Socio-Economic Inequalities in Lung Cancer Outcomes: An Overview of Systematic Reviews.

In the past decade, evidence has accumulated about socio-economic inequalities in very diverse lung cancer outcomes. To better understand the global effects of socio-economic factors in lung cancer, we conducted an overview of systematic reviews. Four databases were searched for systematic reviews reporting on the relationship between measures of socio-economic status (SES) (individual or area-based) and diverse lung cancer outcomes, including epidemiological indicators and diagnosis- and treatment-related variables.

SARS-CoV-2 infection and coronavirus disease 2019 severity in persons with HIV on antiretroviral treatment.

The relative susceptibility of people with HIV (PWH) to Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is debated. Numerous studies have been published with apparently contradictory findings, but comparisons are difficult because they have been conducted in populations with different characteristics (e.g.

Toxic Metals and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Carotid, Femoral, and Coronary Vascular Territories: The Aragon Workers Health Study.

Objective: Studies evaluating the association of metals with subclinical atherosclerosis are mostly limited to carotid arteries. We assessed individual and joint associations of nonessential metals exposure with subclinical atherosclerosis in 3 vascular territories. Approach and Results: One thousand eight hundred seventy-three Aragon Workers Health Study participants had urinary determinations of inorganic arsenic species, barium, cadmium, chromium, antimony, titanium, uranium, vanadium, and tungsten.

The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on people with HIV.

Purpose Of Review: The COVID-19 pandemic materialized in 2020, the year the international community had expected to meet the interim targets to end AIDS by 2030. Forty years into the HIV pandemic, the COVID-19 pandemic challenges the achievements made in HIV and may even reverse some of them.

Recent Findings: This article provides an overview of the impact of COVID-19 on people with, and at risk of, HIV infection.

Association of disability with mortality in the Spanish adult non-institutionalised population.

Background: There are scant studies focused on measuring the association between disability and all-cause mortality based on large representative national samples of the community-dwelling adult population; moreover, the number of such studies which also include cause-specific mortality is yet lower.

Methods: Longitudinal cohort study that used baseline data from 162 381 adults who participated in a countrywide disability survey (2008). A nationally representative sample was selected and interviewed in their homes.

Relationship between the Risk of Gastric Cancer and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet According to Different Estimators. MCC-Spain Study.

The aim was to assess the effect of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, measured with five different indexes, on the risk of gastric cancer. Data come from the multicase-control study MCC-Spain, which included 354 gastric cancer cases and 3040 controls with data on diet. We used five indexes to evaluate adherence to the Mediterranean diet and assess the association between each pattern with the risk of gastric cancer, using multivariate logistic regression.

Genome Sequences of West Nile Virus Reference Materials.

We report the sequences of two West Nile virus (WNV) strains (lineages 1 and 2) developed by the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut as reference materials. The materials are calibrated against the 1 World Health Organization WNV RNA International Standard and are intended for use in nucleic acid technology assays supporting transfusion safety.

Evaluation of Feature Selection Techniques for Breast Cancer Risk Prediction.

This study evaluates several feature ranking techniques together with some classifiers based on machine learning to identify relevant factors regarding the probability of contracting breast cancer and improve the performance of risk prediction models for breast cancer in a healthy population. The dataset with 919 cases and 946 controls comes from the MCC-Spain study and includes only environmental and genetic features. Breast cancer is a major public health problem.

Public Perceptions of the Role of Lifestyle Factors in Cancer Development: Results from the Spanish Onco-Barometer 2020.

The European Code against Cancer recommends not to smoke, to avoid alcohol consumption, to eat a healthy diet, and maintain a healthy weight to prevent cancer. To what extent is the public aware of the influence of these lifestyle factors on cancer development? The goal of the current study was to describe the perceived influence of four lifestyle factors (tobacco, alcohol, diet, and weight) on cancer development in the general population and identify factors related to low perceptions of influence. We analyzed data from the 2020 Onco-barometer (n = 4769), a representative population-based survey conducted in Spain.

Prostate cancer genetic propensity risk score may modify the association between this tumour and type 2 diabetes mellitus (MCC-Spain study).

Background: Some studies have reported an inverse association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prostate cancer (PCa), but results on this issue are still inconsistent. In this study, we evaluate whether this heterogeneity might be related to differences in this relationship by tumour or by individual genetic susceptibility to PCa.

Methods: We studied 1047 incident PCa cases and 1379 randomly selected controls, recruited in 7 Spanish provinces for the population-based MCC-Spain case-control.

SARS-CoV-2 surveillance strategy in essential workers of the Madrid City Council during the first epidemic wave in Spain, March-July 2020.

Objectives: To study prevalence of infection in essential workers of Madrid City Council by occupation, related characteristics, use of protective devices, risk perception, and main concerns about COVID-19 during lockdown.

Methods: A total of 30 231 workers were PCR tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Information was collected on COVID-19-related symptoms, risk factors, preventive equipment, and risk perception.

Arsenic exposure and human blood DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation profiles in two diverse populations from Bangladesh and Spain.

Background: Associations of arsenic (As) with the sum of 5-mC and 5-hmC levels have been reported; however, As exposure-related differences of the separated 5-mC and 5-hmC markers have rarely been studied.

Methods: In this study, we evaluated the association of arsenic exposure biomarkers and 5-mC and 5-hmC in 30 healthy men (43-55 years) from the Aragon Workers Health Study (AWHS) (Spain) and 31 healthy men (31-50 years) from the Folic Acid and Creatinine Trial (FACT) (Bangladesh). We conducted 5-mC and 5-hmC profiling using Infinium MethylationEPIC arrays, on paired standard and modified (ox-BS in AWHS and TAB in FACT) bisulfite converted blood DNA samples.

Long-term impact of the 2008 economic crisis in Spain on road traffic collisions mortality by socioeconomic position.

We aimed to assess the effect of the 2008 crisis on road traffic collision (RTC) mortality in Spain, by socioeconomic position (SEP) and type of road use. This prospective, country-wide study covered all adults living in Spain and aged ≥30 years in November 2001. The long-term effect of the crisis was assessed by measuring the monthly percentage change (MPC) in RTC mortality between the pre-crisis (2002-2007) and crisis period (2008-2011).

Trajectories of alcohol consumption during life and the risk of developing breast cancer.

Background: Whether there are lifetime points of greater sensitivity to the deleterious effects of alcohol intake on the breasts remains inconclusive.

Objective: To compare the influence of distinctive trajectories of alcohol consumption throughout a woman's life on development of breast cancer (BC).

Methods: 1278 confirmed invasive BC cases and matched (by age and residence) controls from the Epi-GEICAM study (Spain) were used.

Prevalence and undiagnosed fraction of hepatitis C infection in 2018 in Spain: results from a national population-based survey.

Background: A national strategy against hepatitis C virus (HCV) was implemented in Spain in 2015 with the aim of reducing associated morbidity and mortality. In order to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of HCV, we analysed the prevalence of HCV antibodies and active infection overall and by age and sex in the general population aged 20-80 years. We also aimed to report the undiagnosed fraction.

Blood DNA Methylation and Incident Coronary Heart Disease: Evidence From the Strong Heart Study.

Importance: American Indian communities experience a high burden of coronary heart disease (CHD). Strategies are needed to identify individuals at risk and implement preventive interventions.

Objective: To investigate the association of blood DNA methylation (DNAm) with incident CHD using a large number of methylation sites (cytosine-phosphate-guanine [CpG]) in a single model.

Baseline CD3+CD56+ (NKT-like) Cells and the Outcome of Influenza Vaccination in Children Undergoing Chemotherapy.

Background: In children undergoing chemotherapy yearly influenza vaccination is recommended by treatment protocols. We investigated the relationship between cellular immunity and the antibody response to inactivated influenza vaccines.

Methods: 25 patients (age: 2-18 years) undergoing chemotherapy for different malignancies participated in our study.

Lung, Breast and Colorectal Cancer Incidence by Socioeconomic Status in Spain: A Population-Based Multilevel Study.

Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence are not well documented in southern Europe. We aim to study the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and colorectal, lung, and breast cancer incidence in Spain. We conducted a multilevel study using data from Spanish population-based cancer registries, including incident cases diagnosed for the period 2010-2013 in nine Spanish provinces.

Ongoing evolution of lymphogranuloma venereum: exploring the genomic diversity of circulating strains.

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), the invasive infection of the sexually transmissible infection (STI) , is caused by strains from the LGV biovar, most commonly represented by -genotypes L2b and L2. We investigated the diversity in LGV samples across an international collection over seven years using typing and genome sequencing. LGV-positive samples (=321) from eight countries collected between 2011 and 2017 (Spain =97, Netherlands =67, Switzerland =64, Australia =53, Sweden =37, Hungary =31, Czechia =30, Slovenia =10) were genotyped for and variants.

Pertussis seroprevalence among adults of reproductive age (20-39 years) in fourteen European countries.

The reported incidence of pertussis in European countries varies considerably. We aimed to study specific Bordetella pertussis seroprevalence in Europe by measuring serum IgG antibody levels to pertussis toxin (anti-PT IgG). Fourteen national laboratories participated in this study including Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Malta, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, and Sweden.

Sleep duration and napping in relation to colorectal and gastric cancer in the MCC-Spain study.

Sleep duration is a novel and potentially modifiable risk factor for cancer. We evaluated the association of self-reported sleep duration and daytime napping with odds of colorectal and gastric cancer. We included 2008 incident colorectal cancer cases, 542 gastric cancer cases and 3622 frequency-matched population controls, recruited in the MCC-Spain case-control study (2008-2013).

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort.

Background: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS).

Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression.