Three in four children age 12-23 months missed opportunities for vaccination in Sub-Saharan African countries: a multilevel mixed effect analysis of demographic health and surveys 2016-2023.

Background: Despite vaccination being the most cost-effective means to prevent disease and its adverse consequences, missing opportunities for vaccination remains a critical public health challenge. Many SSA countries still couldn't reach the target endorsed by the Global Vaccine Action Plan. Identifying contributing factors helps policymakers and planners to design potential interventions to avert missing opportunities for vaccination.

Prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy among rural reproductive age women in Ethiopia.

Despite growing utilization of family planning in Ethiopia, many pregnancies in rural areas are still unintended and unintended pregnancy remains a major global challenge in public and reproductive health, with devastating impact on women and child health, and the general public. Hence, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of unintended pregnancy in rural women of Ethiopia. This study used a 2016 Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey data.

Optimizing screening practice for gestational diabetes mellitus in primary healthcare facilities in Tanzania: research protocol.

Background: Tanzania, like most low- and middle-income countries, is facing an increasing prevalence of obesity in the general population, including among women of reproductive age. Excess weight pre-pregnancy is a risk factor for the onset of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is associated with several poor pregnancy outcomes. Screening for GDM, as a primary preventive measure, is not systematically done in Tanzania.

Antimicrobial resistance profile of in drinking water from one health perspective in low and middle income countries.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a major global public health concern, especially in low-resource settings. In low- and middle-income countries, the existing evidence about antimicrobial resistance in drinking water is inconsistence and not comprehensive. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of antimicrobial resistance profiles of from drinking water in low- and middle-income countries.

Learning from post-COVID-19 condition for epidemic preparedness: a variable catalogue for future post-acute infection syndromes.

Scope: The emergence of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) after SARS-CoV-2 infection underscores the critical need for preparedness in addressing future post-acute infection syndromes (PAIS), particularly those linked to epidemic outbreaks. The lack of standardized clinical and epidemiological data during the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly hindered timely diagnosis and effective treatment of PCC, highlighting the necessity of pre-emptively standardizing data collection in clinical studies to better define and manage future PAIS. In response, the Cohort Coordination Board, a consortium of European-funded COVID-19 research projects, has reviewed data from PCC studies conducted by its members.

Pesticide safe use practice and acute health symptoms, and associated factors among farmers in developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of an epidemiological evidence.

Background: The increasing use of pesticides has become a global public health concern. The problem is more devastating in developing countries, which deters the implementation of effective intervention strategies. Moreover, the existing evidences are inconsistent and not comprehensive.

DNA Methylation Signatures of Cardiovascular Health Provide Insights into Diseases.

Background: The association of overall cardiovascular health (CVH) with changes in DNA methylation (DNAm) has not been well characterized.

Methods: We calculated the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score to reflect CVH in five cohorts with diverse ancestry backgrounds. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) for LE8 score were conducted, followed by bioinformatic analyses.

Mammographic density and exposure to air pollutants in premenopausal women: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Mammographic density (MD) is a well-established risk factor for breast cancer. Air pollution is a major public health concern and a recognized carcinogen. We aim to investigate the association between MD and exposure to specific air pollutants (SO, CO, NO, NO, NO, PM, PM, and O) in premenopausal females.

Loneliness and social isolation in people with HIV aged ≥50 years. The No One Alone (NOA)-GeSIDA study conducted by the GeSIDA 12021 study group.

Introduction: There is a growing number of people with HIV who are aged 50 years or older, and the prevalence of loneliness and social isolation remains unknown.

Methods: A multicentre study was conducted across 22 GeSIDA centres. A survey was carried out to assess loneliness [UCLA 3-item Loneliness Scale-3 (UCLA-3)] and social isolation [Lubben Social Network Scale-Revised (LSNS-R)], along with sociodemographic aspects, HIV-related factors, comorbidities, tobacco, alcohol and drug consumption, quality of life, anxiety and depression, and stigma.

The burden and distribution of cystic echinococcosis in Bhutan: a retrospective study.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by is a neglected zoonosis posing a significant public health challenge. Little is known about human CE in Bhutan. This study was conducted to gain an understanding of the burden, distribution, and potential risk factors of CE in Bhutan.

Exploring the correlation between periodontal disease and serum biomarkers in haemodialysis patients.

Background: Patients undergoing haemodialysis are more susceptible to infectious diseases, including periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate the Correlation between periodontal disease and serum markers in Yemeni haemodialysis patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 70 haemodialysis patients.

Recent trends in hospital admission due to bipolar disorder in 10-19-year-olds in Spain: A nationwide population-based study.

Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) hospitalization rates in children and adolescents vary greatly across place and over time. There are no population-based studies on youth BD hospitalizations in Spain.

Methods: We identified all patients aged 10-19 hospitalized due to BD in Spain between 2000 and 2021, examined their demographic and clinical characteristics, and assessed temporal trends in hospitalizations - overall and stratified by age and presence of additional psychiatric comorbidity.

Tobacco use and khat chewing among adolescents in Yemen: a large-scale school-based cross-sectional study.

Objective: The present study sought to assess the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use (cigarette smoking and shisha use) and khat chewing among Yemeni adolescents, and to evaluate their knowledge and attitudes toward these habits.

Methods: This school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 13 to 19-year-old students attending middle/high schools (both private and public) across five main cities in Yemen. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires comprising questions/items related to sociodemographic data, cigarette smoking, shisha use, khat chewing, and knowledge on and attitudes toward these habits.

Anticipated prehospital decision delay in response to different symptom clusters in acute coronary syndrome: Results from the Spanish Cardiobarometer study.

Background And Objective: Reducing patient decision delay - the time elapsed between symptom onset and the moment the patient decides to seek medical attention - can help improve acute coronary syndrome survival. Patient decision delay is typically investigated in retrospective studies of acute coronary syndrome survivors that are prone to several biases. To offer an alternative approach, the goal of this research was to investigate anticipated patient decision delay in the general population in response to different symptom clusters.

The persistence of low CD4/CD8 ratio in chronic HIV-infection, despite ART suppression and normal CD4 levels, is associated with pre-therapy values of inflammation and thymic function.

Background: Persistence of a low CD4/CD8 ratio is associated with an increased morbimortality in people living with HIV (PLWH) under effective antiretroviral therapy. We aimed to explore the immunological significance of a persistently low CD4/CD8 ratio, even despite normal CD4 levels, and assess whether these features vary from those associated to a low nadir-CD4, another well-established predictor of disease progression.

Methods: CD4-recovered PLWH were classified by CD4/CD8 ratio after three-years of ART (viral suppression, CD4≥500; R < 0.

Alcohol Consumption Patterns and Mortality Among Older Adults With Health-Related or Socioeconomic Risk Factors.

Importance: Alcohol consumption is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality that may be more important in older adults with socioeconomic or health-related risk factors.

Objective: To examine the association of alcohol consumption patterns with 12-year mortality and its modification by health-related or socioeconomic risk factors.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective cohort study used data from the UK Biobank, a population-based cohort.

Burden of 30 cancers among men: Global statistics in 2022 and projections for 2050 using population-based estimates.

Background: Men exhibit higher prevalence of modifiable risk factors, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, leading to greater cancer incidence and lower survival rates. Comprehensive evidence on global cancer burden among men, including disparities by age group and country, is sparse. To address this, the authors analyzed 30 cancer types among men in 2022, with projections estimated for 2050.

Network analysis to prioritize issues for intervention to improve the health-related quality of life of people with HIV in Spain.

Objectives: The objective is to assess the interconnectedness of a network of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) variables among people with HIV (PHIV) to identify key areas for which clinical interventions could improve HRQoL for this population.

Methods: Between 2021 and 2023, we carried out a cross-sectional study within the Spanish CoRIS cohort. We conducted a weighted and undirected network analysis, which examines complex patterns of relationships and interconnections between variables, to assess a network of eight HRQoL dimensions from the validated Clinic Screening Tool for HIV (CST-HIV): anticipated stigma, psychological distress, sexuality, social support, material deprivation, sleep and fatigue, cognitive problems and physical symptoms.

Additive interaction of disability with chronic conditions on mortality risk in middle-aged and older adults in Spain.

Background: Disability and chronic diseases are prevalent conditions associated with mortality, but little information is available on their potential synergistic effects.

Objective: This study aimed to describe additive interactions between disability and chronic diseases on mortality risk in middle-aged and older adults.

Methods: A representative cohort of 22,800 community-dwelling Spanish people aged 50 years or older were interviewed for disability with the Global Activity Limitation Indicator and specific chronic diseases in the 2011-12 and 2014 National Health Surveys and subsequently followed up for mortality.