Interaction between breastfeeding duration and an obesity genetic risk score to predict body fat composition in European adolescents: The HELENA study.

Background: Although the genetic interplay with the environment has a major impact on obesity development, little is known on whether breastfeeding could modulate the genetic predisposition to obesity.

Objectives: To investigate whether breastfeeding attenuates the effect of an obesity genetic risk score (GRS) on adiposity in European adolescents.

Methods: Totally 751 adolescents from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) cross-sectional study were included, divided according to breastfeeding status into never breastfed, 1-3 months and ≥4 months.

Evaluation of circadian rhythm and prognostic variability pre-and post-CEA or CAS treatment in patients with carotid artery stenosis.

Objective: Carotid artery stenosis, primarily caused by atherosclerosis, is a major risk factor for ischemic stroke. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) are established interventions to reduce stroke risk and restore cerebral blood flow. However, the effect of these treatments on circadian rhythms, and their influence on stroke recovery, remains underexplored.

The effect of HLA genotype on disease onset and severity in CTLA-4 insufficiency.

Introduction: Human Cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-antigen-4 (CTLA-4) insufficiency caused by heterozygous germline mutations in is a complex immune dysregulation and immunodeficiency syndrome presenting with reduced penetrance and variable disease expressivity, suggesting the presence of disease modifiers that trigger the disease onset and severity. Various genetic and non-genetic potential triggers have been analyzed in CTLA-4 insufficiency cohorts, however, none of them have revealed a clear association to the disease. Multiple HLA haplotypes have been positively or negatively associated with various autoimmune diseases and inborn errors of immunity (IEI) due to the relevance of MHC in the strength of the T cell responses.

Relationship between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and neonatal birth weight in pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the association between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and neonatal birth weight in pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted between January 2019 and June 2020 at a university hospital in Fuzhou, China.

Results: Pre-pregnancy BMI was used to categorize 791 pregnant women as underweight (3.

The moderating role of parent-child interaction in the relationship between maltreatment and psychological well-being among preschool children.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between maltreatment and psychological well-being among preschool children and explore parent-child interaction's moderating role on this association.

Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design and multistage stratified cluster random sampling method. Between December 2022 and January 2023, 180 kindergartens in the Hainan province-encompassing 4,886 newly enrolled children as participants-were selected.

Optogenetic control of mitochondrial aggregation and function.

The balance of mitochondrial fission and fusion plays an important role in maintaining the stability of cellular homeostasis. Abnormal mitochondrial fission and fragmentation have been shown to be associated with oxidative stress, which causes a variety of human diseases from neurodegeneration disease to cancer. Therefore, the induction of mitochondrial aggregation and fusion may provide an alternative approach to alleviate these conditions.

Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Factors in Children: A Multicenter Study of 21,811 Samples in Southern China.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in children/adolescents in extreme southern China.

Methods: This multicenter, cross-sectional study included 21,811 children aged 0-18 years from 18 districts in Hainan Province, using a multistage stratified random sampling method from January 2021 to March 2022.

Results: Serum 25(OH)D levels decreased with age (p trend <0.

Effect of gestational age on clinical features in necrotizing enterocolitis-associated intestinal perforation.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical features of necrotizing enterocolitis-associated intestinal perforation (NEC-IP) in neonates with different gestational ages (GAs). Furthermore, we also want to identify the risk factors of poor prognosis for these patients.

Methods: The retrospective study of patients with NEC-IP was conducted with basic information, comorbidity, intraoperative findings, related treatment, and prognosis.

Value of routine blood count surveillance in detecting relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Background: Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have excellent outcomes, with >85% survival without relapse following contemporary therapies. Clinical and complete blood count (CBC) assessments are commonly used surveillance methods to detect relapses. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of routine blood testing for detecting relapse using a systematic method of assessing normal and abnormal results.

Spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy: A case report from China with new variants.

We report a case of a Chinese girl who presented with multiple seizure types of epilepsy, followed by motor and intellectual regression, vision impairment, and cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. She carries an unreported compound heterozygous variant of the ASAH1 gene and is diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy associated with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (SMA-PME), a disorder in which ceramide accumulation in lysosomes due to a decrease in acid ceramidase activity. This case suggests attention to this rare class of deceases involving both the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Palovarotene in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: review and perspective.

Introduction: Palovarotene is a retinoic acid receptor gamma agonist that was studied in phase-2 and phase-3 clinical trials for the inhibition of new heterotopic ossification (HO) in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Despite numerous setbacks and regulatory delays, palovarotene is now the first approved FOP treatment in the U.S.

Pathogenic variants of TUBB8 cause oocyte spindle defects by disrupting with EB1/CAKP5 interactions and potential treatment targeting microtubule acetylation through HDAC6 inhibition.

Background: Numerous pathogenic variants causing human oocyte maturation arrest have been reported on the primate-specific TUBB8 gene. The main etiology is the dramatic reduction of tubulin α/β dimer, but still large numbers of variants remain unexplained.

Methods: Using microinjection mRNA and genome engineering to reintroduce the conserved pathogenic missense variants into oocytes or in generating TUBB8 variant knock-in mouse models, we investigated that the human deleterious variants alter microtubule nucleation and spindle assembly during meiosis.

Stratification of Anatomical Imaging Features Between High-Risk and Non-High-Risk Groups in Neuroblastoma.

Background: This study compared anatomical imaging features between high-risk and non-high-risk groups in neuroblastoma with at least one image-defined risk factor (IDRF). It also assessed the diagnostic performance of these features in identifying the high-risk group.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of neuroblastoma patients with at least one IDRF was conducted.

Evaluation of host immune responses to Mycobacteriophage Fionnbharth by route of delivery.

For much of the last decade, tuberculosis (TB) was the leading cause of mortality due to an infectious pathogen (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M.tb). Approximately 1.

Improving access to services in neuro-developmental disability: proceedings of a national meeting to advance community capacity.

As part of a participatory project to advance navigational service delivery systems for children with neurodevelopmental disability (NDD) and their families, this paper addresses proceedings from a capacity-building conference in Vancouver, Canada. A total of 29 invited key stakeholders attended the meeting with the following aims: knowledge sharing amongst provincial/territorial regions advancing NDD navigation capacity; sustainable action-oriented knowledge exchange; and operationalizing next steps to build navigation resources across Canadian regions. Regional representation included multiple and inter-sectoral partners (e.

Experience in the treatment of type C congenital esophageal atresia using a staged approach.

Background: In select patients with type C esophageal atresia, primary anastomosis is not appropriate and a staged approach is required. We aim to summarize our experience in the management of type C EA using a staged approach.

Methods: A retrospective chart-review of patients with type C EA admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital between July 2020 to October 2023 were conducted.

Kidney failure-related excess mortality during the first three years of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: a nation-wide, population-based analysis.

Background: The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a detrimental impact on the healthcare system. Patients with kidney failure and related kidney disease are notably vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it remains unclear how mortality trends associated with kidney failure have evolved over the past three years.

Evaluation of a mentorship matchmaking event at an academic research institution to reinforce the scientific workforce pathway for underrepresented minority groups.

Background: Mentorship and research experiences are crucial for STEMM career entry and advancement. However, systemic barriers have excluded people from historically underrepresented groups.

Methods: In 2021, a virtual "matchmaking event" was held to connect NIH-funded research mentors with historically underrepresented trainees and initiate mentored research experiences.

Understanding the experiences of young, urban, Indigenous mothers-to-be in British Columbia, Canada.

Background: Indigenous Peoples comprise the youngest and fastest growing demographic in Canada, with many living in urban-suburban areas. Given higher fertility rates, younger overall ages and higher adolescent pregnancy rates, perinatal research is needed-to inform policymaking and programming throughout pregnancy and childhood. Yet such data remain scarce in British Columbia (BC), Canada.

Pragmatic performance, its relationship with symptom severity, and early clinical predictors of pragmatics in 5 ~ 6-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder.

Background: Pragmatic language refers to using spoken language to convey messages effectively across diverse social communication contexts. However, minimal longitudinal research has focused on defining early predictors of pragmatic development in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods: In the present study, 71 children with ASD and 38 age- and gender- matched 24- to 30-month-old typically developing (TD) children were enrolled.

Physical behaviours during pregnancy may alter the association of maternal insulin sensitivity with neonatal adiposity: a prospective pre-birth cohort of mother-child pairs.

Background: Lower maternal insulin sensitivity during pregnancy is associated with greater fetal adiposity. Physical activity can improve insulin sensitivity, but it is not known if physical behaviours influence the known association of maternal insulin sensitivity with offspring adiposity. This study aimed to investigate the moderating impact of physical behaviours on this association.

Early onset neonatal bloodstream infections in South African hospitals.

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of death in low- and middle- income countries (LMIC). Increasing antibiotic resistance in early onset (< 72 h of life) bloodstream infection (EO-BSI) pathogens in LMIC has reduced the effectiveness of the recommended empiric antibiotic regimen (ampicillin plus gentamicin).

Methods: We retrospectively analysed blood culture-confirmed EO-BSI episodes at nine neonatal units from three central and six peripheral hospitals in the Western Cape Province, South Africa between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018.

Prevalence, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women: a systematic review.

Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common genital tract infections among women of reproductive age. The existence of BV among pregnant women has momentously attracted the attention of both clinicians and the scientific community due to its potential link with adverse clinical outcomes in pregnancy.

Methods: To evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women, a comprehensive systematic review was conducted based on the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses (PRISMA) criteria.

Variants and vaccines impact nasal immunity over three waves of SARS-CoV-2.

Viral variant and host vaccination status impact infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), yet how these factors shift cellular responses in the human nasal mucosa remains uncharacterized. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on nasopharyngeal swabs from vaccinated and unvaccinated adults with acute Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infections and integrated with data from acute infections with ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Patients with Delta and Omicron exhibited greater similarity in nasal cell composition driven by myeloid, T cell and SARS-CoV-2 cell subsets, which was distinct from that of ancestral cases.