Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs treatment in girls with central precocious puberty and early fast puberty.

Background: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) is the standard treatment for children with central precocious puberty (CPP). We assessed efficacy and safety of GnRHa treatment in girls with CPP and early fast puberty (EFP).

Methods: This retrospective observational study included anthropometric, clinical and laboratory data retrieved from medical files of girls with CPP or EFP, treated with GnRHa and followed at a tertiary endocrine clinic during 2007-2021.

Clinical and immunological characteristics of children diagnosed with-Type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aims: To find clinical and immunological signatures of the SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic on children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: A single-centre, retrospective, observational study comparing the clinical and immunological characteristics of children diagnosed with T1D the year before and during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data extracted from the medical records included clinical and demographic parameters, COVID-19 PCR results and the presence of anti-islet, thyroid and celiac-related antibodies.

Hormonal control during infancy and testicular adrenal rest tumor development in males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a retrospective multicenter cohort study.

Importance: Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs), often found in male patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), are benign lesions causing testicular damage and infertility. We hypothesize that chronically elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone exposure during early life may promote TART development.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between commencing adequate glucocorticoid treatment early after birth and TART development.

Loss of function of ENT3 drives histiocytosis and inflammation through TLR-MAPK signaling.

Histiocytoses are inflammatory myeloid neoplasms often driven by somatic activating mutations in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade genes. H syndrome is an inflammatory genetic disorder caused by germ line loss-of-function mutations in SLC29A3, encoding the lysosomal equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 (ENT3). Patients with H syndrome are predisposed to develop histiocytosis, yet the mechanism is unclear.

Impact of dietary interventions on pre-diabetic oral and gut microbiome, metabolites and cytokines.

Diabetes and associated comorbidities are a global health threat on the rise. We conducted a six-month dietary intervention in pre-diabetic individuals (NCT03222791), to mitigate the hyperglycemia and enhance metabolic health. The current work explores early diabetes markers in the 200 individuals who completed the trial.

Blood pressure in girls with central precocious puberty receiving GnRH analogue therapy.

Objectives: Case reports show hypertension in children treated with GnRH analogues for central precocious puberty (CPP). However, relevant data on blood pressure are scarce. We aimed to evaluate blood pressure (BP) among girls with idiopathic CPP and early-onset puberty before and during GnRH analogue therapy; and to examine associations of blood pressure with clinical parameters.

Comparison of medical treatment of patients with schizophrenia in general practitioners' clinics versus mental health clinics: A cohort study.

Objectives: Individuals with schizophrenia have more cardiometabolic comorbidities than the general population, live about twenty years less and consume more medical services. They are treated at general practitioners' clinics (GPCs) or at mental health clinics (MHCs). In this cohort study we investigated the association between patients' main treatment setting, cardiometabolic comorbidities and medical services utilization.

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Among Infants Born Preterm Fed With Mother's Own Milk: A Comparison of Singletons and Twins.

Objective: To examine associations between early exposure to mother's own milk (MOM) and neurodevelopmental outcomes among preterm infants, and to compare these associations between singletons and twins.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study that included low-risk infants born at <32 weeks gestational age. Nutrition was documented over a 3-day period at mean ages of 14 and 28 days of life; an average of the 3 days was calculated.

Gut microbiome modulates the effects of a personalised postprandial-targeting (PPT) diet on cardiometabolic markers: a diet intervention in pre-diabetes.

Objective: To explore the interplay between dietary modifications, microbiome composition and host metabolic responses in a dietary intervention setting of a personalised postprandial-targeting (PPT) diet versus a Mediterranean (MED) diet in pre-diabetes.

Design: In a 6-month dietary intervention, adults with pre-diabetes were randomly assigned to follow an MED or PPT diet (based on a machine-learning algorithm for predicting postprandial glucose responses). Data collected at baseline and 6 months from 200 participants who completed the intervention included: dietary data from self-recorded logging using a smartphone application, gut microbiome data from shotgun metagenomics sequencing of faecal samples, and clinical data from continuous glucose monitoring, blood biomarkers and anthropometrics.

A Whey-Based Diet Can Ameliorate the Effects of LPS-Induced Growth Attenuation in Young Rats.

Chronic inflammation in childhood is associated with impaired growth. In the current study, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of inflammation in young rats was used to study the efficacy of whey-based as compared to soy-based diets to ameliorate growth attenuation. Young rats were injected with LPS and fed normal chow or diets containing whey or soy as the sole protein source during treatment, or during the recovery period in a separate set of experiments.

Fear of hyperglycaemia in parents of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus - A multi-centre multinational study.

Aims: Study aims: (1) developing and validating a novel questionnaire for measuring fear of hyperglycaemia among parents of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) - the Hyperglycaemia Fear Survey - Parent version (FoHyper-P); (2) investigating correlations between parental fear of hyperglycaemia and objective measures of glycaemic control.

Methods: A multi-centre, multinational study of 152 parents of children with T1D was conducted in three large diabetes clinics from Israel, Poland, and Greece. Inclusion criteria were parents of children aged 6-16 years, at least 6 months from diagnosis, at least 3 months of CGM use and parental involvement in care.

Compromised Adult Height in Females with Non-Classical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Diagnosed in Childhood.

Introduction: Data on adult height (AHt) in individuals with non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH) are inconsistent.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 109 females diagnosed with NCCAH at age <18 years who reached AHt. We studied AHt compared to target height (THt) and the correlation of AHt with clinical parameters.

Infertility and Pregnancy Rates in Female Thyroid Cancer Survivors: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Health Care Administrative Data from Israel.

Thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the most common carcinomas in young women. Concerns have been raised regarding the impact of the disease and its treatment on reproductive function. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of TC diagnosis and radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment on infertility and pregnancy rates in women.

Continuous glucose monitoring and metrics for clinical trials: an international consensus statement.

Randomised controlled trials and other prospective clinical studies for novel medical interventions in people with diabetes have traditionally reported HbA as the measure of average blood glucose levels for the 3 months preceding the HbA test date. The use of this measure highlights the long-established correlation between HbA and relative risk of diabetes complications; the change in the measure, before and after the therapeutic intervention, is used by regulators for the approval of medications for diabetes. However, with the increasing use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in clinical practice, prospective clinical studies are also increasingly using CGM devices to collect data and evaluate glucose profiles among study participants, complementing HbA findings, and further assess the effects of therapeutic interventions on HbA.

SHORT Syndrome: an Update on Pathogenesis and Clinical Spectrum.

Purpose Of Review: This review describes the unique pathogenesis of SHORT syndrome, a rare genetic form of insulin resistance syndrome, and recent advances in understanding the underlying mechanisms. SHORT syndrome results from dysfunction of PI3K, but the mechanisms behind the clinical manifestations are not entirely understood. Elucidating these mechanisms may contribute to the understanding of the roles of insulin signaling and PI3K signaling in humans.

The COVID-19 Pandemic Affects Seasonality, With Increasing Cases of New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in Children, From the Worldwide SWEET Registry.

Objective: To analyze whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic increased the number of cases or impacted seasonality of new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) in large pediatric diabetes centers globally.

Research Design And Methods: We analyzed data on 17,280 cases of T1D diagnosed during 2018-2021 from 92 worldwide centers participating in the SWEET registry using hierarchic linear regression models.

Results: The average number of new-onset T1D cases per center adjusted for the total number of patients treated at the center per year and stratified by age-groups increased from 11.

Consensus Recommendations for the Use of Automated Insulin Delivery Technologies in Clinical Practice.

The significant and growing global prevalence of diabetes continues to challenge people with diabetes (PwD), healthcare providers, and payers. While maintaining near-normal glucose levels has been shown to prevent or delay the progression of the long-term complications of diabetes, a significant proportion of PwD are not attaining their glycemic goals. During the past 6 years, we have seen tremendous advances in automated insulin delivery (AID) technologies.

The Effect of a Nutritional Supplement on Growth and Body Composition in Short and Lean Preadolescent Boys following One Year of Intervention.

Introduction: Adequate nutrition plays an important role in linear growth throughout childhood, including puberty. However, not all children are willing or able to consume an adequate and balanced diet daily. We aimed to evaluate the 1-year effectiveness and safety of nutritional supplementation on linear growth, weight gain, and changes in body composition in short and lean peripubertal boys.

Trends in the Prevalence of Chronic Medication Use Among Children in Israel Between 2010 and 2019: Protocol for a Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Prescription of psychostimulants has significantly increased in most countries worldwide for both preschool and school-aged children. Understanding the trends of chronic medication use among children in different age groups and from different sociodemographic backgrounds is essential. It is essential to distinguish between selected therapy areas to help decision-makers evaluate not only the relevant expected medication costs but also the specific services related to these areas.

Symptoms and Glycemic Control in Young People With Type 1 Diabetes Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An Observational Study.

Context: Data is needed regarding the effect of SARS-CoV-19 infection on young people with established type 1 diabetes. Identifying the disease outcomes, short and long-term sequelae may help to establish an evidence-based prevention and education policy for sick days management and DKA prevention.

Objective: This work aims to describe clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, adolescents, and young adults with established type 1 diabetes (T1D) and explore the effects of COVID-19 on glycemic control and disease course.