State of open science in cancer research.

Purpose: This study has been focused on assessing the Open Science scenario of cancer research during the period 2011-2021, in terms of the derived scientific publications and raw data dissemination.

Methods: A cancer search equation was executed in the Science Citation Index-Expanded, collecting the papers signed by at least one Spanish institution. The same search strategy was performed in the Data Citation Index to describe dataset diffusion.

Immunological synapse-driven transfer of extracellular vesicle microRNAs in primary lymphocytes.

Cell-to-cell communication is necessary to orchestrate effective immune responses against disease-causing agents and in homeostasis. During immune synapsis, transfer of small extracellular vesicles that contain bioactive molecules, including microRNAs, occurs from the T lymphocyte to the antigen-presenting cell. In this chapter, we describe the methodology to identify and validate specific microRNAs shuttled from T lymphocytes to B cells upon immune synapse formation, and to analyze their functional impact on post-synaptic antigen-presenting cells.

Economic Burden Associated with the Treatment with a Cardiovascular Polypill in Secondary Prevention in Spain: Cost-Effectiveness Results of the NEPTUNO Study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate health-care resources utilization, costs and cost-effectiveness associated with the treatment with CNIC-Polypill as secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) compared to other treatments, in clinical practice in Spain.

Patients And Methods: An observational, retrospective study was performed using medical records (economic results [healthcare perspective], NEPTUNO-study; BIG-PAC-database) of patients who initiated secondary prevention between 2015 and 2018. Patients were followed up to 2 years (maximum).

Clinical Profile and Determinants of Mortality in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease Admitted for COVID-19.

Background: Concern has risen about the effects of COVID-19 in interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients. The aim of our study was to determine clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of ILD patients admitted for COVID-19.

Methods: Ancillary analysis of an international, multicenter COVID-19 registry (HOPE: Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation) was performed.

Hepatic stellate cell activation markers are regulated by the vagus nerve in systemic inflammation.

Background: The liver is an important immunological organ and liver inflammation is part of the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, a condition that may promote cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure, and cardiovascular disease. Despite dense innervation of the liver parenchyma, little is known about neural regulation of liver function in inflammation. Here, we study vagus nerve control of the liver response to acute inflammation.

Tumor and Stromal Cell Targeting with Nintedanib and Alpelisib Overcomes Intrinsic Bladder Cancer Resistance.

Bladder cancer is a highly prevalent tumor, requiring the urgent development of novel therapies, especially for locally advanced and metastatic disease. Nintedanib is a potent antifibrotic angio-kinase inhibitor, which has shown clinical efficacy in combination with chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Nintedanib inhibits fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), validated targets in patients with bladder cancer harboring FGFR3/2 genetic alterations.

Endothelial ADAM10 controls cellular response to oxLDL and its deficiency exacerbates atherosclerosis with intraplaque hemorrhage and neovascularization in mice.

Introduction: The transmembrane protease A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) displays a "pattern regulatory function," by cleaving a range of membrane-bound proteins. In endothelium, it regulates barrier function, leukocyte recruitment and angiogenesis. Previously, we showed that ADAM10 is expressed in human atherosclerotic plaques and associated with neovascularization.

MicroRNAs in T Cell-Immunotherapy.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as master regulators of gene expression in homeostasis and disease. Despite the rapidly growing body of evidence on the theranostic potential of restoring miRNA levels in pre-clinical models, the translation into clinics remains limited. Here, we review the current knowledge of miRNAs as T-cell targeting immunotherapeutic tools, and we offer an overview of the recent advances in miRNA delivery strategies, clinical trials and future perspectives in RNA interference technologies.

expansion of a CD9 decidual-like NK cell subset following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHSCT) is a treatment option for hematological disorders and pediatric solid tumors. After an autoHSCT, natural killer (NK) cells are the first lymphocyte subset returning to normal levels. To uncover global changes during NK cell reconstitution after autoHSCT, we performed RNA-sequencing on NK cells before and after autoHSCT.

Stress-triggered hematopoietic stem cell proliferation relies on PrimPol-mediated repriming.

Stem cell division is linked to tumorigenesis by yet-elusive mechanisms. The hematopoietic system reacts to stress by triggering hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) proliferation, which can be accompanied by chromosomal breakage in activated hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, whether these lesions persist in their downstream progeny and induce a canonical DNA damage response (DDR) remains unclear.

Natural killer (NK) cell-derived extracellular-vesicle shuttled microRNAs control T cell responses.

Natural killer (NK) cells recognize and kill target cells undergoing different types of stress. NK cells are also capable of modulating immune responses. In particular, they regulate T cell functions.

CA 15-3 prognostic biomarker in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.

The severity of lung involvement is the main prognostic factor in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), a marker of lung damage and fibrosis, could help predict the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. This was a retrospective and observational study.

Cell transcriptomic atlas of the non-human primate Macaca fascicularis.

Studying tissue composition and function in non-human primates (NHPs) is crucial to understand the nature of our own species. Here we present a large-scale cell transcriptomic atlas that encompasses over 1 million cells from 45 tissues of the adult NHP Macaca fascicularis. This dataset provides a vast annotated resource to study a species phylogenetically close to humans.

The Phenotypic Responses of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Exposed to Mechanical Cues.

During the development of atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases, vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) located in the intima and media of blood vessels shift from a contractile state towards other phenotypes that differ substantially from differentiated SMCs. In addition, these cells acquire new functions, such as the production of alternative extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and signal molecules. A similar shift in cell phenotype is observed when SMCs are removed from their native environment and placed in a culture, presumably due to the absence of the physiological signals that maintain and regulate the SMC phenotype in the vasculature.

Systematic Roadmap for Cancer Drug Screening Using Zebrafish Embryo Xenograft Cancer Models: Melanoma Cell Line as a Case Study.

Zebrafish embryo tumor transplant models are widely utilized in cancer research. Compared with traditional murine models, the small size and transparency of zebrafish embryos combined with large clutch sizes that increase statistical power and cheap husbandry make them a cost-effective and versatile tool for in vivo drug discovery. However, the lack of a comprehensive analysis of key factors impacting the successful use of these models impedes the establishment of basic guidelines for systematic screening campaigns.

Triglycerides and Residual Atherosclerotic Risk.

Background: Even when low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are lower than guideline thresholds, a residual risk of atherosclerosis remains. It is unknown whether triglyceride (TG) levels are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation regardless of LDL-C.

Objectives: This study sought to assess the association between serum TG levels and early atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation in apparently healthy individuals.

The Value of Mouse Models of Rare Diseases: A Spanish Experience.

Animal models are invaluable for biomedical research, especially in the context of rare diseases, which have a very low prevalence and are often complex. Concretely mouse models provide key information on rare disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies that cannot be obtained by using only alternative methods, and greatly contribute to accelerate the development of new therapeutic options for rare diseases. Despite this, the use of experimental animals remains controversial.

A Diet-Dependent Microbiota Profile Associated with Incident Type 2 Diabetes: From the CORDIOPREV Study.

Scope: The differences between the baseline gut microbiota of patients who developed type 2 diabetes (T2D) consuming a low-fat (LF) or a Mediterranean (Med) diet are explored and risk scores are developed to predict the individual risk of developing T2D associated with the consumption of LF or Med diet.

Methods And Results: All the patients from the CORDIOPREV study without T2D at baseline (n = 462) whose fecal sample are available, are included. Gut microbiota is analyzed by 16S sequencing and the risk of T2D after a median follow-up of 60 months assessed by Cox analysis.

Long-term consumption of a Mediterranean diet improves postprandial lipemia in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Cordioprev randomized trial.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have an elevated postprandial lipemia (PPL) that has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk.

Objective: We aimed to analyze whether the long-term consumption of 2 healthy dietary patterns is associated with an improvement in PPL and remnant cholesterol (RC) concentrations in patients with T2D.

Design: We selected patients from the Cordioprev study who underwent oral fat load tests (FLTs) at baseline and the 3-y follow-up (241 patients with and 316 patients without T2D).