The spatial zonation of the murine placental vasculature is specified by epigenetic mechanisms.

The labyrinthian fetoplacental capillary network is vital for proper nourishment of the developing embryo. Dysfunction of the maternal-fetal circulation is a primary cause of placental insufficiency. Here, we show that the spatial zonation of the murine placental labyrinth vasculature is controlled by flow-regulated epigenetic mechanisms.

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine on symptoms following omicron variant breakthrough infection.

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and its sublineages continue to circulate widely. Clinical outcomes with this variant differ among individuals, primarily influenced by host immunity. Previous studies have explored the relationship between immune responses and severe diseases in infected or convalescent patients.

Virulence expression difference to intestinal cells of different pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes contaminating sausages after simulated digestive tract.

This study investigated the difference in survival among Listeria monocytogenes (LM) 10403S (highly pathogenic strain) and M7 (low pathogenic strain) in sausage under a simulated digestive environment, and established intestinal organoids and macrophages co-culture model to further explore the virulence expression difference to intestinal cells between LM 10403S and M7 after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Results showed that, compared with LM M7, LM 10403S exhibited a high survival rate during in vitro digestion, which may be due to the increased expression of stress response-related genes. In addition, the expression of virulence genes in LM 10403S was significantly higher than in LM M7 under the gastrointestinal environment.

Survival with Trastuzumab Emtansine in Residual HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.

Background: Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive early breast cancer with residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant systemic therapy have a high risk of recurrence and death. The primary analysis of KATHERINE, a phase 3, open-label trial, showed that the risk of invasive breast cancer or death was 50% lower with adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) than with trastuzumab alone.

Methods: We randomly assigned patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer with residual invasive disease in the breast or axilla after neoadjuvant systemic treatment with taxane-based chemotherapy and trastuzumab to receive T-DM1 or trastuzumab for 14 cycles.

Association between circulating inflammatory proteins and temporomandibular disorders: insight from a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Past studies have indicated links between specific inflammatory proteins in the bloodstream and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Nonetheless, there remains the need for further solid research pinpointing the exact causes behind these associations. This Mendelian randomization (MR) study aims to examine the association between 91 circulating inflammatory proteins and TMDs.

Hybrid coral reef restoration can be a cost-effective nature-based solution to provide protection to vulnerable coastal populations.

Coral reefs can mitigate flood damages by providing protection to tropical coastal communities whose populations are dense, growing fast, and have predominantly lower-middle income. This study provides the first fine-scale, regionally modeled valuations of how flood risk reductions associated with hybrid coral reef restoration could benefit people, property, and economic activity along Florida and Puerto Rico's 1005 kilometers of reef-lined coasts. Restoration of up to 20% of the regions' coral reefs could provide flood reduction benefits greater than costs.

A nanoparticle-based wireless deep brain stimulation system that reverses Parkinson's disease.

Deep brain stimulation technology enables the neural modulation with precise spatial control but requires permanent implantation of conduits. Here, we describe a photothermal wireless deep brain stimulation nanosystem capable of eliminating α-synuclein aggregates and restoring degenerated dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra to treat Parkinson's disease. This nanosystem (ATB NPs) consists of gold nanoshell, an antibody against the heat-sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid family member 1 (TRPV1), and β-synuclein (β-syn) peptides with a near infrared-responsive linker.

Prevalence and features of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, United States, 2016-2022.

The epidemiology of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in the United States is not well-described. To estimate national ABPA prevalence among patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis, characterize ABPA testing practices, and describe ABPA clinical features, treatment, and 6-month outcomes. We used the 2016-2022 Merative™ MarketScan® Commercial/Medicare and Multi-State Medicaid Databases to identify cohorts of patients with 1) asthma, 2) cystic fibrosis (CF), and 3) ABPA.

Distinct patterns of osteoradionecrosis after photon-based radiotherapy and carbon ion radiotherapy for unresectable adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck: case series from two institutions.

Background And Purpose: To present the clinical outcomes of two series of patients treated with carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) and definitive photon radiotherapy (RT) for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck (HN-ACC).

Material And Methods: The first cohort of six patients was referred from Oslo University Hospital (OUS) to Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO, Pavia, Italy) for CIRT in 2014-2017. The second cohort included 18 patients treated with definitive photon RT at OUS in 2005-2017.

Carbon-dot pequi-nut in the development of immunosensor to detect pathogenic bacteria.

Carbon dots in biosensing have advanced significantly, adding improvements to different detection techniques. In this study, an amperometric immunosensor for Salmonella Thyphimurium was designed using antibodies labeled with carbon dots (Cdots) from pequi almond (Caryocar brasiliensis). Cdots were synthesized by pyrolysis and characterized by FTIR, UV/fluorescence, electrochemistry, zeta potential, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Homelessness and Birth Outcomes in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2016-2020.

Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of homelessness shortly before or during pregnancy and describe differences in maternal characteristics and adverse birth outcomes between people reporting homelessness and not reporting homelessness.

Methods: We used 2016-2020 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data from 31 sites to estimate the prevalence of self-reported homelessness during the 12 months before giving birth. We used logistic regression models to evaluate the association between homelessness and adverse birth outcomes, specifically small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW), and preterm birth (PTB).

Cenobamate as add-on treatment for SCN8A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.

Objectives: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) caused by pathogenic variants in SCN8A are associated with difficult-to-treat and early-onset seizures, developmental delay/intellectual disability, impaired quality of life, and increased risk of early mortality. High doses of sodium channel blockers are typically used to treat SCN8A-DEE caused by gain-of-function (GoF) variants. However, seizures are often drug resistant, and only a few patients achieve seizure freedom.

Unraveling the ROS-Inflammation-Immune Balance: A New Perspective on Aging and Disease.

Increased entropy is a common cause of disease and aging. Lifespan entropy is the overall increase in disorder caused by a person over their lifetime. Aging leads to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage the antioxidant system and disrupt redox balance.

Determination of the Negative Allosteric Binding Site of Cannabidiol at the CB1 Receptor: A Combined Computational and Site-Directed Mutagenesis Study.

Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) has been extensively studied as a potential therapeutic target for various conditions, including pain management, obesity, emesis, and metabolic syndrome. Unlike orthosteric agonists such as Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) has been identified as a negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of CB1R, among its other pharmacological targets. Previous computational and structural studies have proposed various binding sites for CB1R NAMs.

Synergetic Interface and Bulk Defects Modification with Identical Organic Molecule for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Recent progress in inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) mainly focused on NiO modification and perovskite (PVK) regulation to enhance efficiency and stability. However, most works address only monofunctional modifications, and identical molecules with the ability to simultaneously optimize NiO interface and perovskite bulk phase have been rarely reported. This work proposes a dual modification approach using 4-amino-3,5-dichlorobenzotrifluoride (DCTM) to optimize both NiO upper interfaces and reduction of bulk defects in perovskite.

Primary Effusion Lymphoma Prognostic Score (PEL-PS): A Validated International Prognostic Score in HIV-Associated Primary Effusion Lymphoma.

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an HIV-associated B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) caused by Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV). There is no validated prognostic model in PEL, and prognosis is thought to be poor compared to other HIV-associated NHL. We derived the PEL-Prognostic score (PEL-PS) from an international real-world training set of 59 patients with HIV-associated PEL who received first-line anthracycline-containing chemotherapy from the HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in the United States and the National Center for HIV Malignancy at the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital (CWH) in England from 2000 to 2022.

Non-adiabatic quantum electrodynamic effects on electron-nucleus-photon systems: Single photonic mode vs infinite photonic modes.

The quantum-electrodynamic non-adiabatic emission (QED-NAE) is a type of radiatively assisted vibronic de-excitation due to electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations on non-adiabatic processes. Building on our previous work [Tsai et al., J.

Semirational Protein Engineering of a Decarboxylative Aldolase for Regiodivergent and Stereodivergent Synthesis of Cyclic Imino Acids.

Aldolases are powerful C-C bond-forming enzymes for asymmetric organic synthesis because of their supreme stereoselectivity, diverse electrophiles and nucleophiles, and promising scalability. Stereodivergent engineering of aldolases to tune the selectivity for the synthesis of stereoisomers of chiral molecules is highly desirable but has rarely been reported. This study documented the semirational engineering of the decarboxylative aldolase UstD with the focused rational iterative site-specific mutagenesis (FRISM) strategy to perform a C-C bond-forming reaction with dione electrophiles.

Patterns of Co-Occurring Birth Defects in Chinese Infants With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A National Hospital-Based Surveillance Study.

Background: The landscape of co-occurring birth defects among infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) remains underexplored.

Aims: This study aims to elucidate the complex patterns of co-occurring defects in Chinese population.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed cases from the Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network (2007-2019) with CDH that presented along with at least one additional defect but without a syndromic diagnosis.

Pharmacovigilance Pregnancy Data in a Population of Japanese Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Disease Exposed to Certolizumab Pegol.

Aim: Uncontrolled chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) before, during, and after pregnancy, as well as some CID medications, can increase the risk of impaired fertility in addition to adverse maternal/pregnancy outcomes in women of childbearing age. We report pregnancy outcomes from prospectively reported pregnancies in Japanese women treated with certolizumab pegol (CZP).

Methods: Data from July 2001 to November 2020 on CZP-exposed pregnancies from the CZP Pharmacovigilance safety database were reviewed.

An OMV-Based Nanovaccine as Antigen Presentation Signal Enhancer for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) process tumor vaccines and present tumor antigens as the first signals to T cells to activate anti-tumor immunity, which process requires the assistance of co-stimulatory second signals on APCs. The immune checkpoint programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) not only mediates the immune escape of tumor cells but also acts as a co-inhibitory second signal on APCs. The serious dysfunction of second signals due to the high expression of PD-L1 on APCs in the tumor body results in the inefficiency of tumor vaccines.

Prediction of Potential Risk for Ten Azole and Benzimidazole Fungicides with the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonistic Activity to Aquatic Ecosystems.

Azole and benzimidazole fungicides are widely used agrochemicals to prevent and treat fungal growth and are frequently detected in aquatic environments. Here, we aimed to assess the aquatic ecological risks of ten currently used azole and benzimidazole fungicides, which with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonistic activity, and their transformation products (TPs). We obtained over 400 types of aerobic TPs for ten fungicides.

Connection between oral health and chronic diseases.

Chronic diseases have emerged as a paramount global health burden, accounting for 74% of global mortality and causing substantial economic losses. The oral cavity serves as a critical indicator of overall health and is inextricably linked to chronic disorders. Neglecting oral health can exacerbate localized pathologies and accelerate the progression of chronic conditions, whereas effective management has the potential to reduce their incidence and mortality.