Deciphering the sex gap in global life expectancy: the impact of female-specific cancers 1990-2019.

Background: Females live longer than males, which results in a sex gap in life expectancy. This study examines the contribution of female cancers to this differential by world region and country over the period 1990-2019 with special focus to the 15-69 years age group.

Methods: Cause-specific mortality data for 30 cancers, including 4 female-specific cancers from 238 countries and territories, were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Quality indicators for evaluating cancer care in low-income and middle-income country settings: a multinational modified Delphi study.

This Policy Review sourced opinions from experts in cancer care across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to build consensus around high-priority measures of care quality. A comprehensive list of quality indicators in medical, radiation, and surgical oncology was identified from systematic literature reviews. A modified Delphi study consisting of three 90-min workshops and two international electronic surveys integrating a global range of key clinical, policy, and research leaders was used to derive consensus on cancer quality indicators that would be both feasible to collect and were high priority for cancer care systems in LMICs.

Mirtazapine as Appetite Stimulant in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Anorexia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Currently there is no standard therapy to improve cancer-related anorexia, hampering survival. Mirtazapine has been suggested as a feasible option in this context.

Objectives: To assess the effect of mirtazapine on appetite and energy consumption in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules (THYCOVID): a retrospective, international, multicentre, cross-sectional study.

Background: Since its outbreak in early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has diverted resources from non-urgent and elective procedures, leading to diagnosis and treatment delays, with an increased number of neoplasms at advanced stages worldwide. The aims of this study were to quantify the reduction in surgical activity for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic; and to evaluate whether delays in surgery led to an increased occurrence of aggressive tumours.

Methods: In this retrospective, international, cross-sectional study, centres were invited to participate in June 22, 2022; each centre joining the study was asked to provide data from medical records on all surgical thyroidectomies consecutively performed from Jan 1, 2019, to Dec 31, 2021.

HypoxaMIRs: Key Regulators of Hallmarks of Colorectal Cancer.

Hypoxia in cancer is a thoroughly studied phenomenon, and the logical cause of the reduction in oxygen tension is tumor growth itself. While sustained hypoxia leads to death by necrosis in cells, there is an exquisitely regulated mechanism that rescues hypoxic cells from their fatal fate. The accumulation in the cytoplasm of the transcription factor HIF-1α, which, under normoxic conditions, is marked for degradation by a group of oxygen-sensing proteins known as prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) in association with the von Hippel-Lindau anti-oncogene (VHL) is critical for the cell, as it regulates different mechanisms through the genes it induces.

Detection of psychosocial distress in cancer patients: A survey of Mexican oncologists.

Identification of patients' distress is relevant for an on-time referral to psychosocial treatment. The objective was to assess the implementation of the guidelines for distress managing in Mexican oncologists based on the NCCN guidelines. The study was non-experimental and cross-sectional.

Two New Adenosine Derivatives and their Antiproliferative Properties: An Evaluation.

Background: Adenosine is a natural nucleoside present in a variety of organs and tissues, where it acts as a modulator of diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes. These actions are mediated by at least four G protein-coupled receptors, which are widely and differentially expressed in tissues. Interestingly, high concentrations of adenosine have been reported in a variety of tumors.

Cervical Cancer in Young Women: Do They Have a Worse Prognosis? A Retrospective Cohort Analysis in a Population of Mexico.

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is a global problem; it is among the five leading causes of cancer death in women. Several studies have examined the association between age and disease prognosis; however, controversy still exists. The objective of the present study is to determine if age at diagnosis has an impact on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).

Transregulation of microRNA miR-21 promoter by AP-1 transcription factor in cervical cancer cells.

Background: Gene expression profiles have demonstrated that miR-21 expression is altered in almost all types of cancers and it has been classified as an oncogenic microRNA. Persistent HPV infection is the main etiologic agent in cervical cancer and induces genetic instability, including disruption of microRNA gene expression. In the present study, we analyzed the underlying mechanism of how AP-1 transcription factor can active miR-21 gene expression in cervical cancer cells.

Clinico-pathological outcomes after total parietal peritonectomy, cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in advanced serous papillary peritoneal carcinoma submitted to neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy- largest single institute experience.

Introduction: Serous papillary peritoneal carcinoma (SPPC) is a rare clinical entity. Based on the understanding of the pattern of spread, its multifocality, polyclonality and the high frequency of diffuse, widespread peritoneal metastasis, a robust rationale for cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for SPPC exists. Herein we report the clinical outcomes of SPPC patients treated with neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy (NACT) followed by CRS including total parietal peritonectomy and HIPEC.

CD117 immunoexpression in oral and sinonasal mucosal melanoma does not correlate with somatic driver mutations in the MAPK pathway.

Background: Mutations on KIT and downstream genes of MAPK pathway that overstimulate cellular proliferation have been associated with primary oral and sinonasal melanomas (POSNM), but there is limited information that allows the use of personalized therapy. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine a possible association between the C-KIT immunohistochemical expression with the presence of somatic driver mutations in NRAS, BRAF, KIT, MITF and PTEN on POSNM.

Methods: A retrospective study included 62 tumour samples of an oncological reference centre in Mexico City (17-year period).

PARIETAL PERITONEUM GRAFT FOR DUODENUM INJURIES IN AN ANIMAL MODEL.

Background: Duodenal injuries and their surgical procedure cause a high morbidity and mortality.

Aim: To assess the overall effectiveness of the auto-graft of peritoneum in the treatment of the perforation of the duodenum, aiming to reduce surgery time, costs, complexity and mortality.

Methods: Twelve New Zealand rabbits, ages 4-6 months, both sexes, underwent designed surgical grade III duodenal injuries that were repaired 18 h after.

FAACT-Anorexia Cachexia Scale: Cutoff Value for Anorexia Diagnosis in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

Lung cancer (LC) has a high rate of anorexia, which negatively affects quality-of-life and prognosis; however prevalence values may vary as per diagnostic test. There is no standard for anorexia diagnosis, currently the anorexia cachexia scale (A/CS) has been proposed as a tool for diagnosing anorexia with a consensus cutoff value of ≤24, nonetheless a validated cutoff value is required. The A/CS was evaluated in advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients to establish a cutoff value.

Correction to: Long non-coding RNAs: implications in targeted diagnoses, prognosis, and improved therapeutic strategies in human non- and triple-negative breast cancer.

Upon publication of the original article [1], the authors noticed that the Figs. 1, 2 and 3 were incorrectly given.

Long non-coding RNAs: implications in targeted diagnoses, prognosis, and improved therapeutic strategies in human non- and triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been clinically difficult to manage because of tumor aggressiveness, cellular and histological heterogeneity, and molecular mechanisms' complexity. All this in turn leads us to evaluate that tumor biological behavior is not yet fully understood. Additionally, the heterogeneity of tumor cells represents a great biomedicine challenge in terms of the complex molecular-genetical-transcriptional and epigenetical-mechanisms, which have not been fully elucidated on human solid tumors.

Role of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the treatment of gastric cancer.

Patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) of gastric origin have a poor prognosis of life with an average survival of 1-3 months. Systemic chemotherapy has improved the survival of those patients with gastric metastatic cancer at 7-10 months. However, this benefit could not be reproduced in those patients with PC.

Ceftriaxone and clavulanic acid induce antiallodynia and anti-inflammatory effects in rats using the carrageenan model.

Introduction: Ceftriaxone (CFX) and clavulanic acid (CA) are 2 β-lactam molecules widely used as antibiotics. However, several reports of their antiallodynic properties have been published in recent years. Although this effect has been considered mostly due to a GLT1 overexpression, these molecules have also been proven to induce direct immunomodulation.

The effect of nabilone on appetite, nutritional status, and quality of life in lung cancer patients: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial.

Background: Over one half of the patients diagnosed with advanced lung cancer experience anorexia. In addition to its high incidence, cancer-induced anorexia promotes the development of the anorexia-cachexia syndrome, which is related to poor clinical outcomes. Recently, drugs derived from cannabinoids, such as Nabilone, have been recognized for their appetite improvement properties; however, clinical trials to support their use in cancer patients are necessary.

MicroRNA-125 modulates radioresistance through targeting p21 in cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in women worldwide, and it is estimated that ~500,000 new patients are diagnosed with cervical cancer annually and that ~270,000 deaths occur each year. Patients with cervical cancer are treated with different radiotherapy schedules, either alone or with adjuvant chemotherapy. Unfortunately, nearly 50% of all patients with cervical cancer do not respond to standard treatment due to tumor radioresistance.

Alternative splicing regulation in tumor necrosis factor-mediated inflammation.

It is generally accepted that alternative splicing has an effect on disease when it leads to conspicuous changes in relevant proteins, but that the combinatorial effect of several small modifications can have marked outcomes as well. Inflammation is a complex process involving numerous signaling pathways, among which the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway is one of the most studied. Signaling pathways are commonly represented as intricate cascades of molecular interactions that eventually lead to the activation of one or several genes.