PCM4EU and PRIME-ROSE: Collaboration for implementation of precision cancer medicine in Europe.

Background: In the two European Union (EU)-funded projects, PCM4EU (Personalized Cancer Medicine for all EU citizens) and PRIME-ROSE (Precision Cancer Medicine Repurposing System Using Pragmatic Clinical Trials), we aim to facilitate implementation of precision cancer medicine (PCM) in Europe by leveraging the experience from ongoing national initiatives that have already been particularly successful.

Patients And Methods: PCM4EU and PRIME-ROSE gather 17 and 24 partners, respectively, from 19 European countries. The projects are based on a network of Drug Rediscovery Protocol (DRUP)-like clinical trials that are currently ongoing or soon to start in 11 different countries, and with more trials expected to be established soon.

SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR Ct values in saliva and nasopharyngeal swab samples for disease severity prediction.

Background: Comparison of clinical value of RT-qPCR-based SARS-CoV-2 tests performed on saliva samples (SSs) and nasopharyngeal swab samples (NPSs) for prediction of the COVID-19 disease severity.

Methods: Three paired SSs and NPSs collected every 3 days from 100 hospitalised COVID-19 patients during 2020 Jul-2021 Jan were tested by RT-qPCR for the original SARS-CoV-2 virus and compared to 150 healthy controls. Cases were divided into mild+moderate (Cohort I,  = 47) and severe disease (Cohort II,  = 53) cohorts and compared.

Atezolizumab Retains Cellular Binding to Programmed Death Ligand 1 Following Aerosolization Mesh Nebulizer.

Background/aim: Cytotoxic inhalable drugs were shown to be advantageous in treating malignancies of the respiratory tract. However, these drugs have not always presented a safe profile and were reported to induce local adverse events. Protein-based anticancer drugs, such as immune checkpoint and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, do not induce tissue injury, nor do they exhibit vesicant properties upon direct contact with tissues.

Twelve ESMO Congress 2022 breakthroughs: practicing oncologists' perceptions and potential application on presented data.

Background: During the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress 2022, outcome data of a great number of clinical trials were presented. For the attending medical oncologist, it is important to structure these data in a way that facilitates a trade-off between treatment burden and benefit.

Materials And Methods: To illustrate this, we carried out a narrative non-systematic review of 12 selected oral presentations with potential impact on future daily practice, focusing on trial methodology, possible study flaws, reported clinical benefit and implementability.

11 ESMO 2021 breakthroughs: practicing oncologist's perceptions on data presentation.

Background: The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2021 conference provided a high number of randomized phase III trial reports, many of which were claimed to be practice changing. Given the short time available for conference presentations, results and conclusions tend to have greatest priority with less time remaining for study background and study methodology.

Purpose: On behalf of the ESMO Practicing Oncologists Working Group, 11 potentially practice-changing reports were selected and screened for three main questions: (i) Did the investigators provide sufficient details with regard to Patients and Methods to make the results comprehensible? (ii) Were there any reasons to consider bias? (iii) To which extent did the results presented translate to clinical benefit?

Results: In 2 out of 11 trials, the study design presented differed considerably from the study design described at ClinicalTrials.

Urinary microRNAs can predict response to abiraterone acetate in castration resistant prostate cancer: A pilot study.

Background: Despite novel agents have been introduced to treat castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) during the last decade, up to one-third of CRPC patients face primary resistance to new generation compounds. Therefore, sensitive molecular tools are urgently needed for reliable treatment selection and response prediction. This study aimed to evaluate urinary miRNAs and blood circulating androgen receptor (AR) transcript level as a tool for noninvasive outcome prediction for CRPC patients undergoing abiraterone acetate (AA) therapy.

European experts consensus: BRCA/homologous recombination deficiency testing in first-line ovarian cancer.

Background: Homologous recombination repair (HRR) enables fault-free repair of double-stranded DNA breaks. HRR deficiency is predicted to occur in around half of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. Ovarian cancers harbouring HRR deficiency typically exhibit sensitivity to poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi).

Immunophenotype Rearrangement in Response to Tumor Excision May Be Related to the Risk of Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer Patients.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is known to exhibit a wide spectrum of aggressiveness and relatively high immunogenicity. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of tumor excision on immunophenotype rearrangements in peripheral blood and to elucidate if it is associated with biochemical recurrence (BCR) in high risk (HR) and low risk (LR) patients.

Methods: Radical prostatectomy (RP) was performed on 108 PCa stage pT2-pT3 patients.

Epigenomic technologies for deciphering circulating tumor DNA.

Tumor-derived DNA, found in body fluids (liquid biopsy) of cancer patients as part of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), lends itself for noninvasive cancer detection and monitoring. Advantages of cfDNA as analytical target have evoked a burst of sophisticated techniques, providing clinically relevant information. Each cell type carries a unique DNA modification profile consisting mainly of patterns of 5-methylcytosine in CpG dinucleotides, which are critical for establishing and maintaining cellular identity and which are frequently disturbed in cancer.