Factors affecting couples' decision making about expanded prenatal cell-free DNA screening.

Purpose: To assess intended parents' preferences about expanded prenatal cell-free DNA screening.

Methods: A survey was administered to couples who were pregnant or trying to conceive. Partners within couples were independently asked about willingness to seek prenatal cell-free DNA screening for diseases and traits that varied by severity, treatability, age of onset, and reliability.

Sex disparities in gallstone disease: insights from the MAUCO prospective population-based cohort study.

Objective: To investigate factors associated with the prevalence and incidence of gallstone disease (GSD) in women and men of the MAUCO population-based prospective cohort.

Design: 8948 MAUCO participants (aged 38-74 years) underwent abdominal ultrasound at baseline (2015-2019); 4385 received follow-up ultrasound at years 2 or 4. Factors associated with prevalent GSD were assessed using Poisson multiple regression and with incident GSD using Cox regression models.

Device-measured physical activity, sedentary time, and risk of all-cause mortality: an individual participant data analysis of four prospective cohort studies.

Objectives: To examine whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) modifies the association between sedentary time and mortality and vice versa, and estimate the joint associations of MVPA and sedentary time on mortality risk.

Methods: This study involved individual participant data analysis of four prospective cohort studies (Norway, Sweden, USA, baseline: 2003-2016, 11 989 participants ≥50 years, 50.5% women) with hip-accelerometry-measured physical activity and sedentary time.

Lung cancer risk in relation to jobs held in a nationwide case-control study in Iran.

Background: Globally, lung cancer is the most frequent occupational cancer, but the risk associated with the occupations or occupational environment in Iran is not clear. We aimed to assess occupations with the risk of lung cancer.

Methods: We used the IROPICAN nationwide case-control study data including 658 incident lung cancer cases and 3477 controls.

Benzene exposure and risk of benzene poisoning in Chinese workers.

Objectives: Benzene is a known haematoxin and leukemogen that can cause benzene poisoning (BP), that is, a persistent reduction in white cell counts that is strongly associated with increased risk of lymphohaematopoietic malignancies. Data are needed on the exposure-response, particularly at low doses and susceptible populations for clinical and regulatory purposes.

Methods: In a case-cohort study among 110 631 Chinese workers first employed 1949-1987 and followed up during 1972-1999, we evaluated BP risk according to benzene exposure level and investigated risk modification by subject (sex, attained age) and exposure-related factors (latency, exposure windows, age at first benzene exposure, coexposure to toluene) using excess relative risk and excess absolute risk models.

Occupational radiation and haematopoietic malignancy mortality in the retrospective cohort study of US radiologic technologists, 1983-2012.

Objectives: To evaluate cumulative occupational radiation dose response and haematopoietic malignancy mortality risks in the US radiologic technologist cohort.

Methods: Among 110 297 radiologic technologists (83 655 women, 26 642 men) who completed a baseline questionnaire sometime during 1983-1998, a retrospective cohort study was undertaken to assess cumulative, low-to-moderate occupational radiation dose and haematopoietic malignancy mortality risks during 1983-2012. Cumulative bone marrow dose (mean 8.

Tobacco smoking among chrysotile asbestos workers in Asbest in the Russian Federation.

Objectives: A historical cohort study of cancer mortality is being conducted among workers in a chrysotile mine and its enrichment factories in the town of Asbest, Russian Federation. Because individual-level information on tobacco use is not available for Asbest Chrysotile Cohort members, a cross-sectional survey of smoking behaviours was conducted among active and retired workers.

Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were completed by active workers during meetings organised by occupational safety personnel.

Tobacco smoking and trends in histological subtypes of female lung cancer at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences over 13 years.

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality among women in China, and incidence and mortality continue to rise despite the fact that smoking prevalence is very low among Chinese women.

Aim: This study investigated tobacco smoking and trends in histological subtypes of female lung cancer in a central cancer hospital in China.

Methods: Demographic, smoking history and histological information on female lung cancer patients diagnosed or treated from 2000 to 2012 was collected from the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CHCAMS).

Associations of parity-related reproductive histories with ER± and HER2± receptor-specific breast cancer aetiology.

Background: Associations of reproductive history with breast cancer risk differ by oestrogen receptor (ER±) status and possibly by the joint expression of ER and the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (ER±/HER2±). However, large sample sizes are needed to establish ER-specific risks by HER2± expression.

Methods: We linked a cancer registry covering nearly 95% of the primary breast cancer diagnoses in Denmark with a research parity database to assess associations for parity, number of live births and age at first live birth (AFLB) with receptor-specific risk.

A cohort study of cervical screening using partial HPV typing and cytology triage.

HPV testing is more sensitive than cytology for cervical screening. However, to incorporate HPV tests into screening, risk-stratification ("triage") of HPV-positive women is needed to avoid excessive colposcopy and overtreatment. We prospectively evaluated combinations of partial HPV typing (Onclarity, BD) and cytology triage, and explored whether management could be simplified, based on grouping combinations yielding similar 3-year or 18-month CIN3+ risks.

Divergent estrogen receptor-positive and -negative breast cancer trends and etiologic heterogeneity in Denmark.

Long-term breast cancer trends in incidence in the United States (US) show rising estrogen receptor (ER)-positive rates and falling ER-negative rates. We hypothesized that these divergent trends reflect etiologic heterogeneity and that comparable trends should be observed in other countries with similar risk factor profiles. Therefore, we analyzed invasive female breast cancers in Denmark, a country with similar risk factors as the US.

Agreement for tumor grade of ovarian carcinoma: analysis of archival tissues from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results residual tissue repository.

Background: Emerging data suggest that ovarian cancers differ by tumor grade. However, the reliability of microscopic grade from paraffin tissue in the general medical community and as reflected in population-based cancer registries is unknown.

Methods: We examined grade agreement between two gynecologic pathologists and the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Residual Tissue Repository (SEER).