Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer, 19902021: An analysis from global burden of disease study 2021.

Objective: Data on the global, regional and national changes in the trends of colorectal cancer (CRC) are analyzed to understand the trends in its burden, in order to assist policymakers in allocating healthcare resources and developing prevention and control strategies.

Methods: This study analyzed trends in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for CRC from 1990 to 2021 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. The trends of burden and effectiveness of control strategies were assessed using jointpoint regression analysis, decomposition analysis and frontier analysis.

Efficacy, safety, and multi-omics analysis of pembrolizumab combined with nab-paclitaxel and platinum as first-line treatment in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A single-arm phase 2 study.

Objective: Based on the findings of the KEYNOTE-048 study, pembrolizumab in combination with platinum and fluorouracil is the standard first-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). The efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab combined with nab-paclitaxel and platinum in such patients remain unexplored.

Methods: This single-arm phase 2 study enrolled patients with R/M HNSCC who received pembrolizumab (200 mg), nab-paclitaxel (260 mg/m²), and either cisplatin (75 mg/m²) or carboplatin [area under the curve (AUC) 5] every 21 d for up to six cycles, followed by pembrolizumab maintenance therapy.

Long-term survival outcomes of laparoscopic surgery in patients with colorectal cancer: A propensity score matching retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) surgeries can be performed using either laparoscopic or open laparotomy approaches. However, the long-term outcomes based on tumor location and age remain unclear. This study compared the long-term outcomes of laparoscopic and laparotomy surgeries in patients with CRC, focusing on tumor location and age to identify suitable subgroups and determine an optimal cut-off age.

National validation of laparoscopic approach for locally advanced gastric cancer: Comparison of a randomized controlled trial and real-world practice results.

Objective: The laparoscopic approach for locally advanced gastric cancer has recently been adopted based on the results of several randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, findings from RCTs have not been examined at the national level. This study aimed to investigate the external validity of the Korean Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study-02 (KLASS-02) trial involving 13 tertiary hospitals, using data from the Korean Gastric Cancer Association (KGCA)-led nationwide survey involving 68 tertiary or general hospitals.

The Prognostic Value of CRP/Alb Ratio in Predicting Overall Survival for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Transcatheter Intra-Arterial Therapy Combined with Molecular-Targeted Agents and PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of C-reactive protein to albumin (CRP/Alb) ratio in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with transcatheter intra-arterial therapy combined with molecular targeted agents (MTAs) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors.

Methods: Medical records of 271 consecutive patients with HCC receiving this combination therapy in China between 2019 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Prognostic factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.

Construction and evaluation of the prediction model for advanced disease in well-differentiated colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms less than 2 cm in diameter.

Objective: Advanced lesions are often ignored in well-differentiated colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) smaller than 2 cm, and we aimed to develop an effective nomogram for these lesions.

Methods: We extracted data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and used a logistic regression model to identify independent risk factors for advanced disease. All these identified factors were included to construct the prediction model, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plot and DCA curve were utilized to assess the predictive value.

Total neoadjuvant therapy based on short-course radiotherapy versus standard long-course chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: We conducted the meta-analysis to compare the therapeutic effects of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) based on short-course radiotherapy followed by consolidation chemotherapy (SCRT/CCT) and long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) according to certain significant randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods: The researchers retrieved several databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, to collect all the relevant literature published since the establishment of the databases until July 30, 2024, and then screened to determine the qualified literature and extracted the relevant information. Finally, RevMan 5.

Asian Thoracic Oncology Research Group expert consensus statement on the peri-operative management of non-small cell lung cancer.

The peri-operative management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in earlier stage disease has seen significant advances in recent years with the incorporation of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy. However, many unanswered questions and challenges remain, including the application of clinical trial data to routine clinical practice. Recognising the unique demographic profile of Asian patients with NSCLC and heterogeneous healthcare systems, the Asian Thoracic Oncology Research Group (ATORG) convened a consensus meeting in Singapore on 26 April 2024 to discuss relevant issues spanning diagnostic testing to post-neoadjuvant treatment considerations and future directions.

Transforming cancer screening: the potential of multi-cancer early detection (MCED) technologies.

Early cancer detection substantially improves the rate of patient survival; however, conventional screening methods are directed at single anatomical sites and focus primarily on a limited number of cancers, such as gastric, colorectal, lung, breast, and cervical cancer. Additionally, several cancers are inadequately screened, hindering early detection of 45.5% cases.

Calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasm: a clinicopathological and molecular analysis.

Aims: Calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasm (CCMN) is a recently identified category of soft tissue neoplasms defined by cartilage or cartilaginous matrix formation and gene fusions. Its rarity and similarities to other soft tissue tumours pose diagnostic challenges. This study aims to deepen understanding of CCMN, highlighting molecular pathology's role in diagnosis to reduce misdiagnosis, overdiagnosis and overtreatment.

Durvalumab with or without bevacizumab with transarterial chemoembolisation in hepatocellular carcinoma (EMERALD-1): a multiregional, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study.

Background: Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is standard of care for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma that is amenable to embolisation; however, median progression-free survival is still approximately 7 months. We aimed to assess whether adding durvalumab, with or without bevacizumab, might improve progression-free survival.

Methods: In this multiregional, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study (EMERALD-1), adults aged 18 years or older with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma amenable to embolisation, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 at enrolment, and at least one measurable intrahepatic lesion per modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) were enrolled at 157 medical sites including research centres and general and specialist hospitals in 18 countries.

Multi-Centered Pre-Treatment CT-Based Radiomics Features to Predict Locoregional Recurrence of Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer After Definitive Chemoradiotherapy.

: We constructed a prediction model to predict a 2-year locoregional recurrence based on the clinical features and radiomic features extracted from the machine learning method using computed tomography (CT) before definite chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) in locally advanced esophageal cancer. : A total of 264 patients (156 in Beijing, 87 in Tianjin, and 21 in Jiangsu) were included in this study. All those locally advanced esophageal cancer patients received definite radiotherapy and were randomly divided into five subgroups with a similar number and divided into training groups and validation groups by five cross-validations.

The Three-Class Annotation Method Improves the AI Detection of Early-Stage Osteosarcoma on Plain Radiographs: A Novel Approach for Rare Cancer Diagnosis.

: Developing high-performance artificial intelligence (AI) models for rare diseases is challenging owing to limited data availability. This study aimed to evaluate whether a novel three-class annotation method for preparing training data could enhance AI model performance in detecting osteosarcoma on plain radiographs compared to conventional single-class annotation. : We developed two annotation methods for the same dataset of 468 osteosarcoma X-rays and 378 normal radiographs: a conventional single-class annotation (1C model) and a novel three-class annotation method (3C model) that separately labeled intramedullary, cortical, and extramedullary tumor components.

Advances in multimodal imaging for adrenal gland disorders: integrating CT, MRI, and nuclear medicine.

Adrenal diseases pose significant diagnostic challenges due to the wide range of neoplastic and non-neoplastic pathologies. Radiologists have a crucial role in diagnosing and managing these conditions by, leveraging advanced imaging techniques. This review discusses the vital role of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear medicine in adrenal imaging, and focuses on morphological and functional evaluations.

The real-world efficacy and toxicity of first-line paclitaxel and cisplatin with bevacizumab in platinum-naïve primary stage IVB cervical cancer.

Objective: To investigate the real-world efficacy and toxicity of paclitaxel-cisplatin-bevacizumab and identify prognostic factors for paclitaxel-cisplatin-bevacizumab in platinum-naïve primary stage IVB cervical cancer.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with stage IVB cervical cancer who received paclitaxel-cisplatin-bevacizumab as first-line treatment between July 2015 and December 2021 at Asan Medical Center, Korea. Patient data including clinicopathologic characteristics, imaging, paclitaxel-cisplatin-bevacizumab administration, recurrence, and survival were collected.

Prognostic Indicator for Pleural Mesothelioma.

Background: In malignant pleural mesothelioma), it is difficult to evaluate the degree of tumor progression using imaging findings. It is essential to develop an objective index that is independent of imaging findings and useful for assessing the degree of tumor progression and indications for surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the data of 79 patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma who underwent extrapleural pneumonectomy or pleurectomy/decortication at our institution between 1999 and 2022.

Mesenchymal stromal cells promote the formation of lung cancer organoids via Kindlin-2.

Background: Patient-derived lung cancer organoids (PD-LCOs) demonstrate exceptional potential in preclinical testing and serve as a promising model for the multimodal management of lung cancer. However, certain lung cancer cells derived from patients exhibit limited capacity to generate organoids due to inter-tumor or intra-tumor variability. To overcome this limitation, we have created an in vitro system that employs mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) or fibroblasts to serve as a supportive scaffold for lung cancer cells that do not form organoids.

Prognosis of aggressive adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma with central nervous system infiltration and utility of CD7 versus CADM1 flowcytometric plots of cerebrospinal fluid.

The prognosis of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) with primary central nervous system (CNS) involvement has been unclear since the advent of new therapies. Recently, we have shown that flow cytometric CD7/CADM1 analysis of CD4 + cells (HAS-Flow) is useful to detect ATL cells that are not morphologically diagnosed as ATL cells. We investigated the role of CNS involvement in ATL using cytology and HAS-Flow by analyzing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 73 aggressive ATL cases.

Integrated healthy lifestyle even in late-life mitigates cognitive decline risk across varied genetic susceptibility.

It remains unclear whether the benefits of adhering to a healthy lifestyle outweigh the effects of high genetic risk on cognitive decline. We examined the association of combined lifestyle factors and genetic risk with changes in cognitive function and six specific dimensions of cognition among older adults from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (1998-2018, n = 18,811, a subset of 6301 participants with genetic information). Compared to participants with an unfavorable lifestyle, those with a favorable lifestyle showed a 46.

Systematically developing a registry of splice-site creating variants utilizing massive publicly available transcriptome sequence data.

Genomic variants causing abnormal splicing play important roles in genetic disorders and cancer development. Among them, variants that cause the formation of novel splice-sites (splice-site creating variants, SSCVs) are particularly difficult to identify and often overlooked in genomic studies. Additionally, these SSCVs are frequently considered promising candidates for treatment with splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs).

Feasibility study of patient-specific four-dimensional in vivo tracking system for high-dose-rate brachytherapy: Experimental evaluation.

Background: High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy using Iridium-192 as a radiation source is widely employed in cancer treatment to deliver concentrated radiation doses while minimizing normal tissue exposure. In this treatment, the precision with which the sealed radioisotope source is delivered significantly impacts clinical outcomes.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a new four-dimensional (4D) in vivo source tracking and treatment verification system for HDR brachytherapy using a patient-specific approach.