Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for experimental optimization in biogenic silica extraction from rice husk and straw ash.

This work aimed to extract silica from combination of rice husk (RH and Rice straw (RS) by optimizing the ash digesting process parameters with the aid of response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of three independent ash digestion process factors like sodium hydroxide concentration (1-3 M), temperature (60-120 °C) and time (1-3 h), for silica production from the mixture of rice husk (RH) and rice straw (RS) were studied. A quadratic model was used to correlate the interaction effects of the independent variables for maximum silica production at the optimum process parameters by employing central composite design (CCD) with RSM.

Seroprevalence of bovine Herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, Neospora caninum and Coxiella burnetii in dairy cows in Ethiopia.

Background: The reproductive problem is an animal health-related bottleneck that constrains livestock genetic improvement efforts in tropical countries such as Ethiopia. The infectious causes of reproductive disorders are one cause of decreased reproductive efficiency. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence to Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BHV1), Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Neospora caninum (N.

A review on xylanase sources, classification, mode of action, fermentation processes, and applications as a promising biocatalyst.

The utilization of hydrolytic enzymes in various industrial processes worldwide has gained more attention than chemical catalysts due to the high selectivity of enzymes, their ease of control, and their negligible environmental impact, as they produce very small amounts of byproducts. Xylanase is one such enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of the β-1,4 linkage of xylan, the second most abundant renewable heteropolysaccharide and hemicellulosic constituent of the plant cell wall. Naturally, xylanase can be obtained from various sources such as mollusks, insects, plants, animals, and various microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae).

Biological Potential and Essential Oil Profile of Two Wild Apiaceae Species from Algeria ( L. and Mill.): Larvicidal and Antibacterial Effects.

Infectious diseases, including vector-borne and antibiotic-resistant infections, present significant global health challenges, necessitating the exploration of natural alternatives for disease control. In this study, we investigated the essential oil (EO) profile as well as larvicidal and antibacterial properties of two wild Apiaceae species used in Algeria: L. (DCEO) and Mill.

Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus: Molecular Detection in Southwestern Ethiopia Chickens.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a significant threat to poultry worldwide, but its status in Ethiopia remains understudied. Thus, this study aimed to detect the virus and associated risk factors in South West Ethiopia. Ninety oropharyngeal swab samples were purposively collected from symptomatic chickens located in Jimma town, Seqa Chekorsa, and Tiro Afeta woredas of the Jimma zone between November 2021 and April 2022 to detect IBV virus by using RT-PCR.

Production and characterization of acidophilic xylanase from wood degrading white rot fungus by solid-state fermentation of wheat straw.

Xylanases (EC 3.2.1.

Molecular Detection and Serological Investigation of Newcastle Disease in Intensive, Semi-Intensive, and Backyard Production Systems in Central and Southwestern Areas of Ethiopia.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to detect Newcastle disease virus and to assess the seropositivity among backyard, semi-intensive, and intensive farms located in central and southwestern areas of Ethiopia.

Material And Methods: A total of 239 oropharyngeal and cloacal swab samples were collected from symptomatic birds found in Holeta, Burayu, Jimma towns as well as Seka Chekorsa and Nadhigibe woredas of Jimma Zone. In addition, ninety blood samples were collected from wing veins of unvaccinated birds found in the study areas of Jimma zone.

Evaluation of the effect of therapeutic durations on small ruminant bacterial pneumonia.

Background: Sheep and goat production in Ethiopia is hindered by numerous substandard production systems and various diseases. Respiratory disease complexes (RDC) pose a significant threat to the productivity of these animals. Pneumonia is a common manifestation of respiratory disease complexes and often necessitates a prolonged course of antibiotic treatment.

Improving desirable agronomic traits of M2 lines on fourteen Ethiopian Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes using Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS).

Sesame is an important oilseed crop cultivated in Ethiopia as a cash crop for small holder farmers. However, low yield is one of the main constraints of its cultivation. Boosting and sustaining production of sesame is thus timely to achieve the global oil demand.

Prevalence and associated risk factors for contamination of cow milk and cottage cheese in Ethiopia.

Animal sourced foods, such as dairy products, are common sources of , a foodborne pathogen of increasing global concern, particularly in developing countries. In Ethiopia, most data on the prevalence of in dairy products is highly varied and limited to a specific region or district. Furthermore, there is no data available on the risk factors for contamination of cow milk and cottage cheese in Ethiopia.

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Selected Ethiopian Indigenous Cattle Breeds Using Microsatellite Markers.

Background: In Ethiopia, livestock contributes 45% of agricultural GDP. Despite the economic role played by the sector, there have been little efforts to genetically improve the indigenous cattle. Morphological characterization of selected Ethiopian indigenous cattle has been made for (Bonga, Jimma, and Kerayu) cattle types.

Phenotypic diversity of rosemary ( Schleid.) accessions for qualitative characters.

Rosemary is one of the industrially significant crops traded over the world. Its cultivation in many countries depends on locally adapted populations rather than on the use of improved varieties. Collection and characterization of the local populations could contribute to their conservation and selection of desirable traits.

Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of oilseed crop noug (Guizotia abyssinica) accessions collected from Ethiopia.

Background: Noug is an Ethiopian indigenous oilseed crop cultivated primarily for its oil and various economic importance. Evaluating the extent of genetic diversity within and among populations is one of the most important steps in breeding and conservation measures. Thus, this study aimed to uncover the extent of genetic diversity and population structure of noug accessions collected from different regions of Ethiopia using microsatellite markers.

Association Mapping of Drought Tolerance Indices in Ethiopian Durum Wheat ( ssp. durum).

Ethiopia is a major producer of durum wheat in sub-Saharan Africa. However, its production is prone to drought stress as it is fully dependent on rain, which is erratic and unpredictable. This study aimed to detect marker-trait associations (MTAs) and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to indices.

The genetic diversity of Ethiopian barley genotypes in relation to their geographical origin.

Ethiopia is recognized as a center of diversity for barley, and its landraces are known for the distinct genetic features compared to other barley collections. The genetic diversity of Ethiopian barley likely results from the highly diverse topography, altitude, climate conditions, soil types, and farming systems. To get detailed information on the genetic diversity a panel of 260 accessions, comprising 239 landraces and 21 barley breeding lines, obtained from the Ethiopian biodiversity institute (EBI) and the national barley improvement program, respectively were studied for their genetic diversity using the 50k iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array.

Maximizing value of genetic sequence data requires an enabling environment and urgency.

Severe price spikes of the major grain commodities and rapid expansion of cultivated area in the past two decades are symptoms of a severely stressed global food supply. Scientific discovery and improved agricultural productivity are needed and are enabled by unencumbered access to, and use of, genetic sequence data. In the same way the world witnessed rapid development of vaccines for COVID-19, genetic sequence data afford enormous opportunities to improve crop production.

Quantitative trait loci mapping of stem sugar content and stem diameter in sorghum recombinant inbred lines using genotyping-by-sequencing.

Background: Sweet sorghum is an important crop with sugary stem that can mainly be used for syrup, fodder and bio-fuel. Many sugar content QTLs have been discovered from different sources through breeding worldwide. Most of these QTLs are detected using exotic germplasm as a mapping population.

Genome-wide association mapping identifies yellow rust resistance loci in Ethiopian durum wheat germplasm.

Durum wheat is an important cereal grown in Ethiopia, a country which is also its center for genetic diversity. Yellow (stripe) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis fsp tritici is one of the most devastating diseases threatening Ethiopian wheat production. To identify sources of genetic resistance and combat this pathogen, we conducted a genome wide association study of yellow rust resistance on 300 durum wheat accessions comprising 261 landraces and 39 cultivars.

Genetic Diversity of Tef [ (Zucc.)Trotter] as Revealed by Microsatellite Markers.

Genetic variability is the fundamental prerequisite of any crop-breeding program to develop superior cultivars. There are about 350 1 species, of which, tef is the only species cultivated for human consumption. Currently, the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI) collected over five thousand tef accessions from different geographical regions, diverse in terms of climate and elevation, which are uncharacterized yet.

Genetic diversity of Ethiopian durum wheat landraces.

Genetic diversity and population structure assessment in crops is essential for marker trait association, marker assisted breeding and crop germplasm conservation. We analyzed a set of 285 durum wheat accessions comprising 215 Ethiopian durum wheat landraces, 10 released durum wheat varieties, 10 advanced durum wheat lines from Ethiopia, and 50 durum wheat lines from CIMMYT. We investigated the genetic diversity and population structure for the complete panel as well as for the 215 landraces, separately based on 11,919 SNP markers with known physical positions.

Molecular characterisation of a putative new polerovirus infecting pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) in Kenya.

Next-generation sequencing of RNA extracted from a pumpkin plant with mosaic symptoms in Kenya identified the presence of a polerovirus sequence closely related to pepo aphid-borne yellows virus (PABYV). The near-complete polerovirus sequence comprised 5,810 nucleotides and contained seven putative open reading frames (ORFs) with a genome organisation typical of poleroviruses. BLASTp analysis of the translated sequences of ORFs 0, 1 and 2 revealed that their amino acid sequences differed by more than 10% from the corresponding protein sequences of other poleroviruses.

Analysis of milk-derived isolates of E. coli indicating drug resistance in central Ethiopia.

Mastitis is one of the most important diseases in dairy cows throughout the world and is responsible for significant economic losses to the dairy industry. This study was performed to characterize the genetic basis of drug resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from cases of clinical and sub-clinical bovine mastitis. A total of 224 California mastitis test (CMT)-positive milk samples were collected from December 2015 to April 2016 to characterize the phenotypic and genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance in E.

Characterization of an Australian isolate of taro bacilliform virus and development of an infectious clone.

The badnavirus taro bacilliform virus (TaBV) has been reported to infect taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) and other edible aroids in several South Pacific island countries, but there are no published reports from Australia. Using PCR and RCA, we identified and characterized an Australian TaBV isolate.

Molecular determination of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from raw meat in Addis Ababa and Bishoftu, Ethiopia.

Background: Consumption of meat contaminated by E. coli causes a serious illness and even death to affected individuals. Recently the emerging of antibiotic resistant foodborne E.