Multiple scattering theory for modeling sonic booms in atmospheric turbulence.

Sonic booms are often modeled using Burgers equations accounting for dominant propagation effects. Scattering effects of turbulence, however, have not been incorporated into such equations, although these effects are ubiquitous in measured sonic booms. This paper formulates the mean scattering effects, including backscattering, using multiple scattering theory and ensemble averaging.

Influences of low-frequency energy and testing environment on annoyance responses to supersonic aircraft noise when heard indoors.

The research reported is part of a larger effort to develop models to predict community response to transient sounds, including sonic booms. Such models can be used along with aircraft sound predictions to guide the design of supersonic aircraft to produce generally acceptable sounds. A test was conducted to examine the influence of low frequencies on people's responses to recorded and simulated booms and other environmental transients, heard indoors over earphones.

Effects of chair vibration on indoor annoyance ratings of sonic booms.

The effects of perceptible whole-body vibrations on annoyance ratings of sonic booms and other impulsive environmental sounds experienced indoors were studied. Fifteen pairs of test subjects made annoyance ratings while seated in a living room environment. There were two chairs, one isolated from floor vibrations and the other not isolated, and every test subject rated all signals in both chairs.