Achieving integrated treatment: a realist synthesis of service models and systems for co-existing serious mental health and substance use conditions.

Approximately 30-50% of people with serious mental illness have co-existing drug or alcohol problems (COSMHAD), associated with adverse health and social care outcomes. UK guidelines advocate both co-occurring needs being met within mental health services, but uncertainty remains about how to operationalise this to improve outcomes. Various unevaluated service configurations exist in the UK.

Pattern and prevalence of vaping nicotine and non-nicotine drugs in the United Kingdom: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Electronic vaping devices are being used to consume nicotine and non-nicotine psychoactive drugs. We aimed to determine the pattern and prevalence of using vaping devices for nicotine and/or non-nicotine drug administration in the United Kingdom and how these differ by drug type and individual sociodemographic characteristics. We explored reasons for vaping onset and continuation.

The association between reasons for first using cannabis, later pattern of use, and risk of first-episode psychosis: the EU-GEI case-control study.

Background: While cannabis use is a well-established risk factor for psychosis, little is known about any association between reasons for first using cannabis (RFUC) and later patterns of use and risk of psychosis.

Methods: We used data from 11 sites of the multicentre European Gene-Environment Interaction (EU-GEI) case-control study. 558 first-episode psychosis patients (FEPp) and 567 population controls who had used cannabis and reported their RFUC.

"Safe Supply" Initiatives: Are They a Recipe for Harm Through Reduced Health Care Input and Supply-Induced Toxicity and Overdose?

Within the addiction field, some advocates support a suite of de-regulatory policies that aim to reduce harm by providing people who use drugs with a "safe supply" of pharmaceutical-grade medications. Such initiatives have commenced without the evidence standards normally used to label medication provision as "safe." This perspective suggests that continued debate and research in this area acknowledge the potential toxicity of any provided safe supply medications and highlights that these initiatives could result in an unhelpful reduction in interactions between people who use drugs and health care professionals.

Normative Misperceptions About Cannabis Use in a Sample of Risky Cannabis Users.

Introduction: This study examines normative misperceptions in a sample of participants recruited for a brief intervention trial targeting risky cannabis use.

Methods: Participants who were concerned about their own risky cannabis use were recruited to help develop and evaluate intervention materials. At baseline, participants reported on their own cannabis use and provided estimates of how often others their gender and age used cannabis in the past 3 months.

Management of medically assisted withdrawal from alcohol in acute adult mental health and specialist addictions in-patient services: UK clinical audit findings.

Background: Medically assisted alcohol withdrawal (MAAW) is increasingly undertaken on acute adult psychiatric wards.

Aims: Comparison of the quality of MAAW between acute adult wards and specialist addictions units in mental health services.

Method: Clinical audit conducted by the Prescribing Observatory for Mental Health (POMH).

Global prevalence of heated tobacco product use, 2015-22: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are electronic devices that heat process tobacco to release an aerosol containing nicotine and other chemicals. Limited data exist on world-wide HTP use prevalence. This meta-analytic review estimated the prevalence of HTP use by country, World Health Organization (WHO) region, year, sex/gender and age.

Minimum legal age laws and perceived access to cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and other substances among youth in Canada, England, and the United States: 2017-2021.

Background: Minimum legal age (MLA) restrictions are a core policy to reduce youth use of tobacco, e-cigarettes, and other substances. We examined trends in perceived ease of access to tobacco and other substances across three countries with differing MLA policies, including the United States (US), which increased the federal MLA for tobacco products from 18 to 21 in 2019.

Methods: Repeat cross-sectional data were analyzed from seven waves of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey conducted between 2017 and 2021.

Development of a Secondary Prevention Smartphone App for Students With Unhealthy Alcohol Use: Results From a Qualitative Assessment.

Background: Despite considerable efforts devoted to the development of prevention interventions aiming at reducing unhealthy alcohol use in tertiary students, their delivery remains often challenging. Interventions including information technology are promising given their potential to reach large parts of the population.

Objective: This study aims to develop a secondary prevention smartphone app with an iterative qualitative design involving the target population.

A critique of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council CEO statement on electronic cigarettes.

This paper critically analyses a statement by Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) on e-cigarettes in May 2022 that will be used to guide national policy. We reviewed the evidence and the conclusions drawn in the NHMRC Statement. In our view, the Statement is not a balanced reflection of the benefits and risks of vaping because it exaggerates the risks of vaping and fails to compare them to the far greater risks of smoking; it uncritically accepts evidence of harms from e-cigarettes while adopting a highly sceptical attitude towards evidence of their benefits; it incorrectly claims that the association between adolescent vaping and subsequent smoking is causal; and it understates the evidence of the benefits of e-cigarettes in assisting smokers to quit.

How do patients feel during the first 72 h after initiating long-acting injectable buprenorphine? An embodied qualitative analysis.

Background And Aims: Long-acting injectable buprenorphine (LAIB) is a new treatment for opioid use disorder that is generating positive outcomes. Negative effects are typically mild and transient, but can occasionally be serious, resulting in treatment discontinuation/non-adherence. This paper aims to analyse patients' accounts of how they felt during the first 72 h after initiating LAIB.

Barriers and facilitators to accessing inpatient and community substance use treatment and harm reduction services for people who use drugs in the Muslim communities: A systematic narrative review of studies on the experiences of people who receive services and service providers.

Background: The prevalence of drug use in Muslim communities is difficult to estimate due to religious, social, and cultural prohibition toward drug use. With Islam affecting all aspects of life in the Muslim world, people who use drugs do it clandestinely to avoid stigma and exclusion from the community, leading to a low number of them seeking treatment for their drug use. This review explored the barriers and facilitators to accessing inpatient and community substance use treatment and harm reduction services for people who use drugs in Muslim communities.

Documenting maternal and childcare information of mothers presented to substance use treatment services: A qualitative study of reports in a clinical case register.

Background: Mothers compose a significant proportion of women in substance use treatment services. These women have needs that, if not addressed, can negatively impact their capacity to parent. This study explores the feasibility of using free-text notes from electronic health records (EHRs) to identify factors that impair mothers' ability to care for their children.

Prolonged Benzodiazepine Levels Following Withdrawal in Alcohol Dependence.

Objective: This article presents the benzodiazepine concentrations in urine samples from participants undergoing alcohol withdrawal in a Phase 4 "Proof of Concept" double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Chlordiazepoxide was prescribed to all participants "as needed" during the first 2 weeks only of alcohol withdrawal, to prevent serious consequences such as seizures. The trial examined effects of either mifepristone or placebo on the primary trial outcomes, which included cognitive function tests at 3 weeks and 4 weeks after the cessation of drinking.

Experience and perpetration of intimate partner violence and abuse by gender of respondent and their current partner before and during COVID-19 restrictions in 2020: a cross-sectional study in 13 countries.

Background: Intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) includes controlling behaviours, psychological, physical, sexual and financial abuse. Globally, surveys and emergency services have recorded an increase in IPVA since restrictions were imposed to limit COVID-19 transmission. Most studies have only included heterosexual women.

Understanding perceived addiction to and addictiveness of electronic cigarettes among electronic cigarette users: a cross-sectional analysis of the International Tobacco Control Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV) England Survey.

Background And Aims: The addictive potential of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) remains to be fully understood. We identified patterns and correlates of perceived addiction to e-cigarettes and perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes relative to tobacco cigarettes (relative addictiveness) in dual users as well as exclusive e-cigarette users.

Design, Setting And Participants: Observational study using cross-sectional survey data from England (2016) from the International Tobacco Control Project (ITC) Four Country Smoking and Vaping (4CV) survey.

An Eye Tracking Investigation of Young People's Gaze Behaviour to Gambling and Non-Gambling Moving Adverts.

Introduction: Data from several areas of public health (e.g., harmful alcohol and tobacco) are consistent with the assertion that children's exposure to advertising strategies increases intention to consume such products.

The clustering of physical health conditions and associations with co-occurring mental health problems and problematic alcohol use: a cross-sectional study.

Background: There is strong evidence for the co-occurrence of mental health conditions and alcohol problems, yet physical health outcomes among this group are not well characterised. This study aimed to identify clusters of physical health conditions and their associations with mental health and problematic alcohol use in England's general population.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of the 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (N = 7546) was conducted.