Clinical presentation and outcome after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for degenerative cervical disc disease.

Background: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a well-described surgical approach for symptomatic degenerative cervical disc disease which does not respond to conservative management. In the present study, we assessed clinical presentation and outcomes of ACDF.

Materials And Methods: The present study was conducted from October 1, 2015, to October 31, 2017, in the Department of Neurosurgery, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, among 100 consecutive adult patients who underwent single- or two-level ACDF for degenerative cervical disc disease.

Speech and Language Dysfunctions in Patients with Cerebrocortical Disorders Admitted in a Neurosurgical Unit.

Introduction: Speech and language abnormality among brain injury patients are common, especially during the acute stage. The details of same from Andhra Pradesh (AP) state are limited. The present study provides details of speech and language abnormality among brain damage patients, from a tertiary care hospital AP.

International Classification of Diseases-Based Audit of the Injury Database to Understand the Injury Distribution in Patients Who have Sustained a Head Injury (International Classification of Diseases Codes: S00-S09).

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability globally. Methods for a reliable prediction of outcomes on the admission of TBI cases are of great clinical relevance to stakeholders.

Objectives: This study used the International Classification of Diseases-10 codes (S00-S09) for analysis of injury distribution of TBI patients and attempted to find the prognostic predictors of Glasgow coma scale (GCS) in the outcome from readily accessible parameters.

Buccal epithelium Expanded and Encapsulated in Scaffold-Hybrid Approach to Urethral Stricture (BEES-HAUS) procedure: A novel cell therapy-based pilot study.

Objectives: To describe the feasibility of a novel cell-based endoscopic technique using buccal epithelium, expanded and encapsulated in a thermoreversible gelation polymer scaffold for the treatment of urethral stricture.

Methods: Six male patients with bulbar urethral stricture ranging from 2.0 to 3.

Extensive Paraspinal Tuberculosis Masquerading Malignant Tumor in an Elderly Male.

Paraspinal tuberculosis is an uncommon manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and in rare cases, these lesions can mimic malignant lesions. We report a case of an elderly man where imaging showed extensive left paraspinal lesion which was mimicking malignant neoplasm. The patient underwent L3-L4 unilateral partial laminotomy, there was grayish, relatively avascular lesion in the left paraspinal region, involving the left psoas muscle and going into the neural foramina, and a subtotal resection of the lesion could be performed.

Pattern and Distribution of Shock Index and Age Shock Index Score Among Trauma Patients in Towards Improved Trauma Care Outcomes (TITCO) Dataset.

Objective: To compare the shock index (SI - which is the ratio of heart rate to systolic blood pressure) and Age SI (Age in years multiplied by SI) with survival outcome of the patients across multicenter trauma registry in India.

Methods: Study is based on Towards Improved Trauma Care Outcomes (TITCO) project. Records with valid details of age, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, Injury Severity Scale (ISS) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was considered.

Intradural Extramedullary Tuberculoma Masquerading En Plaque Meningioma.

Extensive en plaque intradural extramedullary tuberculomas can occur as a paradoxical response to chemotherapy for intracranial tuberculomas. We report a case of 31-year-old male who presented with backache and progressive weakness and urgency of micturition. Magnetic resonance imaging dorsolumbar spine which showed an ill-defined T1 hypointense and T2 heterointense lesion noted posterior to the thoracic spinal cord, extending from C7 to D5 vertebral levels suggestive of en plaque meningioma.

Morbidity Audit of 704 Traumatic Brain Injury Cases in a Dedicated South Indian Trauma Center.

Background: In the era of evidence-based health care, protocol of intervention in traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases help decide more easily and safely about patients and prevent unnecessary transfer of patients to other centers.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to provide protocol-based intervention and evaluate the epidemiological, clinical characteristics of TBI cases.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 704 patients who were suspected of TBI at the Department of Neurosurgery, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, followed by protocol-based intervention assessed and reassessed repeatedly.

Pattern of reporting and practices for the management of traumatic brain injury: An overview of published literature from India.

Background: Published literature regarding the demographics and mechanism of injury for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in India has not been analyzed in an organized sample.

Objectives: The objective of this systematic review was to organize the published literature from India related to TBI and analyze it in a very specific sample to identify the specific patterns of injury and associated mortality.

Materials And Methods: A search strategy with specific inclusion criteria was performed in PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and the World Health Organisation (WHO) Global Health Library.

Speech and Swallowing Function Outcome Following Early Tracheostomy in Patients Who Underwent Neurosurgical Intervention.

Background: Evaluation of late-onset speech and swallowing complications of tracheostomy on neurotrauma cases, as the most common intensive care unit procedure, needs to be evaluated.

Objectives: A prospective study conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital to find the late-onset speech and swallowing complications of tracheostomy in neurotrauma cases.

Materials And Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the intensive care unit on intubated patients needing elective tracheostomy at a tertiary care teaching institute in South India with a dedicated referral trauma center.

Intraluminal migration of gossypibioma.

Background: Surgical sponge retained in the abdominal cavity following surgery, is a serious but avoidable complication. Common symptoms and signs of transmural migration of gossypibioma may include abdominal pain, vomiting, and bleeding. Transmural migration of surgical swab is a very rare phenomenon.

Intra-fourth Ventricular Schwannoma in Pediatric Age Group: Report of Second Case in the Western Literature with Review of Literature.

Schwannoma originates from the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves. It accounts for about 8% of all intracranial tumors. Commonly, schwannoma is located in the extra-axial locations; intra-axial schwannomas are extremely uncommon.

Distribution of Laboratory Parameters in Trauma Population.

Background: Biochemical laboratory investigations help plan optimum management and communication in short- as well as long-term outcome to trauma victims.

Objective: To assess the status of real-time values of biochemical laboratory investigations of different trauma patients and their association with overall mortality.

Materials And Methods: Data based on prospective, observational registry of "Towards Improved Trauma Care Outcomes" (TITCO) from four Indian city hospitals.

Management Issues in a Case of Congenital Craniovertebral Junction Anomaly with Aberrant Retropharyngeal Midline Course of Bilateral Cervical Internal Carotid Arteries at C1-C2.

Background: Aberrant medial retropharyngeal prevertebral course of the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) is extremely uncommon. In oropharyngeal surgeries, like transoral odontoidectomy (TOO), this unrecognized aberrant retropharyngeal course of ICAs can result in devastating complications secondary to inadvertent injury of ICAs. We describe this aberrant course of ICAs in a patient with a craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomaly with a dysmorphic C1 lateral mass on one side and discuss in detail various management issues in this complex case.

Expansile manubriotomy for ventral cervicothoracic junction disease.

Cervicothoracic junction can be approached anteriorly, anterolaterally, posterolaterally, and posteriorly. The anterior approaches in this region best address the ventral vertebral body disease but may cause significant morbidity. Twelve patients with their disease process located ventral to the spinal cord in the cervicothoracic junction underwent expansile manubriotomy and corpectomy.

On-admission blood pressure and pulse rate in trauma patients and their correlation with mortality: Cushing's phenomenon revisited.

Background: Injury-induced alteration in initial physiological responses such as hypertension and heart rate (HR) has a significant effect on mortality. Research on such associations from our country-India is limited. The present study investigates the injury-induced early blood pressure (BP) and HR changes and their association with mortality.

A systematic review of quantitative research on traumatic brain injury in India.

Introduction: Over a quarter of the world's trauma deaths occur in India, with traumatic brain injury (TBI) as the leading cause of death and disability within trauma. With little known about TBI in India, we set out to do a systematic review to characterize the quantitative literature on TBI in India.

Materials And Methods: The following databases were searched from their inception to December 31, 2015: PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and the World Health Organization's Global Health Library, using the keywords: neurotrauma, brain injury, traumatic brain injury, TBI, head injury, and India.

Scalloping Characteristics in a Patient with Extra-Cranial Hemangioma.

Infantile hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors of infancy and childhood with a reported incidence of 4% to 10% in infants. We report of a 9 year-old male child with a history of progressively increasing swelling over the right eyebrow region. The lesion was present since childhood; however, it increased in in size over the previous 3-4 months.

Transorbital Orbitocranial Penetrating Injury with an Iron Rod.

Transorbital orbitocranial penetrating injuries (TOPIs) are relatively rare, can be caused by high-speed projectile foreign bodies to low-energy trauma (which is rarer), and account for 24% of penetrating head injuries in adults and approximately 45% in children. We report an uncommon nonfatal case of TOPI where a 16-year-old male child sustained injury due to accidental penetration of metal bar into the forehead. A bicoronal flap was raised to remove the metal bar.