Comprehension of gut microbiota and microRNAs may contribute to the development of innovative treatment tactics against metabolic disorders and psychiatric disorders.

Metabolic syndrome is a group of pathological disorders increasing the risk of serious diseases including cardiovascular disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes. Global widespread of the metabolic syndrome has put a heavy social burden. Interestingly, a crucial link between the metabolic syndrome and a psychiatric disorder may frequently coexist, in which certain shared mechanisms might play a role for the pathogenesis.

Caveolae with serotonin and NMDA receptors as promising targets for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease is the most general type of cognitive impairments. Until recently, strategies that prevent its clinical progression have remained more elusive. Consequently, research direction should be for finding effective neuroprotective agents.

How can distinct egg polymorphism be maintained in the rufescent prinia ()-plaintive cuckoo () interaction-a modeling approach.

In avian brood parasitism, both the host and the parasite are expected to develop various conflicting adaptations; hosts develop a defense against parasitism, such as an ability to recognize and reject parasitic eggs that look unlike their own, while parasites evolve egg mimicry to counter this host defense. Hosts may further evolve to generate various egg phenotypes that are not mimicked by parasites. Difference in egg phenotype critically affects the successful reproduction of hosts and parasites.