The interaction effect between physical and cultural leisure activities on the subsequent decline of instrumental ADL: the Fujiwara-kyo study.

Background: Maintenance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and social role (SR) is crucial to keep independent life because the decline in SR and IADL was a significant predictor of dependence in basic ADL in later. The independent effect of physical and cultural leisure activities and their effect modification on the IADL remains unknown.

Methods: We prospectively observed 3241 elderly with intact IADL at baseline for 5 years.

Objectively measured physical activity relates to night-time blood pressure in older adults: cross-sectional analysis in the HEIJO-KYO cohort.

Objectives: Prognostically, night-time blood pressure (BP) is more important than other BP parameters. Previous physiological studies suggested physical exercise continuously decreases subsequent BP levels, although the association between daytime physical activity and night-time BP has not been evaluated in large populations.

Methods: This cross-sectional study of 1111 older adults (mean age, 71.

Social status and modern-type depression: A review.

Backgrounds: Social hierarchy is one of the most influential social structures employed by social species. While dominants in such hierarchies can preferentially access rich resources, subordinates are forced into lower social statuses and lifestyles with inferior resources. Previous studies have indicated that the social rank regulates social behaviors and emotion in a variety of species, whereby individual organisms live within the framework of their ranks.

Bedroom lighting environment and incident diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal study of the HEIJO-KYO cohort.

Objectives: Light information received by the brain influences human circadian timing and metabolism; low-level light at night (LAN) significantly increased body mass and led to prediabetes in mice. We hypothesized that LAN exposure increases the diabetes risk in humans. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a longitudinal association between LAN exposure and the incidence of diabetes in a general population.

Overshunting-Associated Myelopathy Treated with Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy.

Background: Overshunting-associated myelopathy (OSAM) is a rare complication of cerebrospinal fluid shunt placement. Previous reports have recommended removal or ligation of the shunt and use or revision of a pressure programmable valve to treat OSAM. We present a rare case of OSAM successfully treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV).

Indoor light pollution and progression of carotid atherosclerosis: A longitudinal study of the HEIJO-KYO cohort.

Exposure to light at inappropriate times in relation to the solar cycle can disturb circadian endocrine and metabolic rhythms. Previous studies have suggested an association between light exposure at night (LAN) and obesity, an important risk factor of atherosclerosis, although it remains unclear whether LAN associates with progression of atherosclerosis. To evaluate the longitudinal association between bedroom LAN intensity and progression of carotid atherosclerosis, light intensity in the bedroom at baseline and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) at baseline and follow-up were measured in 989 elderly participants (945 at baseline and 780 at a median follow-up time of 34 months).

Association between timing of hot water bathing before bedtime and night-/sleep-time blood pressure and dipping in the elderly: a longitudinal analysis for repeated measurements in home settings.

Hot water bathing - a Japanese traditional practice - has not been evaluated for its association with night- and sleep-time blood pressure (BP) in large population. In this longitudinal analysis, bathing parameters and ambulatory BP were repeatedly measured for 2 nights in 758 Japanese elderly individuals. Participants were divided into three groups according to tertile values of time soaked in the bathtub (Duration: tertile value, 11 and 15 min), time from bathing-end to bedtime (Time before bedtime: tertile value, 42 and 106 min), and temperature of hot water in the bathtub (Water temp: tertile value, 40.

Quantitative associations between objective sleep measures and early-morning mobility in Parkinson's disease: cross-sectional analysis of the PHASE study.

Study Objectives: Previous studies have suggested associations between sleep measures and early-morning akinesia; however, objective evidence is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between objective sleep measures and morning mobility among patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we measured objective sleep parameters and morning mobility in 157 patients with PD (mean age, 71.

VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity, but not humoral immunity, correlates inversely with the incidence of herpes zoster and the severity of skin symptoms and zoster-associated pain: The SHEZ study.

Onset of herpes zoster (HZ) is thought to be related to a decline in cell-mediated immunity (CMI). However, until recently, there have been no large-scale prospective studies on the relationship between varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-specific CMI and the onset and severity of HZ. The Japanese researchers conducted a cohort study on VZV immunity in a population living on an island cluster, Shozu County in Japan, and examined the people who developed HZ during a follow-up period of three years to clarify the relationship between the onset and severity of HZ and immunity.

The Feasibility and Efficacy of Social Cognition and Interaction Training for Outpatients With Schizophrenia in Japan: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial.

Schizophrenia is a disabling illness. Social cognition and interaction training (SCIT) seeks to improve patients' social functioning by alleviating deficits in social cognition. SCIT has shown promise in improving social cognition in patients with schizophrenia, but has not yet been studied in Japan.

Wavelength- and Tissue-dependent Variations in the Mutagenicity of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers in Mouse Skin.

The cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) is a main mutagenic photolesion in DNA produced by UVR. We previously studied the wavelength-dependent kinetics of mutation induction efficiency using monochromatic UVR sources and transgenic mice developed for mutation assay and established the action spectra of UVR mutagenicity in the mouse epidermis and dermis. Here, we further established the action spectra of CPD and pyrimidine(6-4)pyrimidone photoproduct formation in the same tissues and in naked DNA using the same sources and mouse strain.

Lower Incidence of In-Hospital Falls in Patients Hospitalized in Window Beds Than Nonwindow Beds.

Objectives: Comparing the incidence rate of in-hospital falls between patients hospitalized in window beds and nonwindow beds.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: A general hospital in Mie, Japan.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the sliding sheet in repositioning care in terms of working time and subjective fatigue: A comparative study with an experimental design.

Background: Manual patient handling is a major cause of low back pain among healthcare staff. The sliding sheet is an assistive device designed to aid healthcare staff performing patient repositioning in bed. The use of sliding sheets in healthcare facilities is currently relatively rare because of the perceived additional time required compared with non-assisted handling.

Mediastinal lymph node staging for lung cancer.

Mediastinal lymph node staging is crucial in deciding the treatment strategy for lung carcinoma. The diagnosis rate of computed tomography is not high; however, it is a standard examination. Although the contrast computed tomography is necessary for an accurate diagnosis, images from the positron emission tomography are excellent, and these two technologies are independent and complementary.

Cataracts and Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis in Older Adults - A Cross-Sectional Study of the HEIJO-KYO Cohort.

Background: Decreased light reception because of cataracts leads to potential circadian misalignment, resulting in exacerbation of atherosclerosis; however, little is known about the association between cataracts and atherosclerosis in populations.

Methods and results: In this cross-sectional study, cataracts were graded using slit lamp biomicroscopy with the Lens Opacities Classification System III and carotid atherosclerosis was assessed based on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) measured using ultrasonography of the common carotid artery in 442 elderly participants (mean age, 70.0 years).

Preoperative Detection of Pleural Adhesions Using Ultrasonography for Ipsilateral Secondary Thoracic Surgery Patients.

Background/aim: Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for ipsilateral reoperations is challenging because of the potential for pleural adhesions. Insertion of the initial port can lead to lung injury because of the blinded intrathoracic area. We assessed the usefulness of ultrasonography before VATS to reduce the incidence of lung injury at the time of the initial port insertion during secondary ipsilateral VATS.

[Preoperative Detection of Pleural Adhesions Using Transthoracic Ultrasonography].

Recently, there has been an increase in the experience of lung surgery in cases with a history of thoracotomy or pneumonia. In these cases, pleural adhesion is often seen and makes the surgery to be difficult. Especially in thoracoscopic surgery, lung damage must be care at the 1st port insertion.

Light exposure at night and sleep quality in bipolar disorder: The APPLE cohort study.

Background: Sleep disturbance in bipolar disorder (BD) is common and is associated with a risk for mood episode recurrence. Thus, it is important to identify factors that are related to sleep disturbance in BD. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between exposure to light at night (LAN) and sleep parameters in patients with BD.

Neural changes following cognitive remediation therapy for schizophrenia.

Patients with schizophrenia experience cognitive impairments that relate to poorer social functioning even after amelioration of positive symptoms. Pharmacological treatment and cognitive remediation are the two important therapeutic approaches for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) for schizophrenia improves cognitive functioning and induces neuroplasticity, but different approaches and durations of CRT and different neuroimaging devices have led to varying results in meta-analyses.

Increased risk of osteoporotic fracture in community-dwelling elderly men 20 or more years after gastrectomy: The Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men (FORMEN) Cohort Study.

Purpose: Many studies have reported that patients with a history of gastrectomy (gastrectomized patients) have lower areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and higher fracture risk than those without. However, population-based studies on this topic are scarce, and little is known regarding the bone metabolic status of gastrectomized patients in the long-term. This study aimed to clarify the association of gastrectomy with aBMD, bone metabolism markers, and fracture risk in community-dwelling elderly Japanese men.

Daytime light exposure in daily life and depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder: A cross-sectional analysis in the APPLE cohort.

Objectives: Controlled artificial daylight exposure, such as light therapy, is effective in bipolar depression, but the association between uncontrolled daytime light and depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder (BD) is unclear. This study investigated the association between daytime light exposure under real-life situations and depressive symptom in patients with BD.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 181 outpatients with BD.