37 results match your criteria: "Nara Medical University School of Medicine Address: 840 Shijo[Affiliation]"

Evaluation of continuous positive airway pressure adherence and its contributing factors.

Respir Med

November 2024

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • A multicenter study involving over 1,200 patients with obstructive sleep apnea aimed to evaluate long-term adherence to CPAP therapy over periods of 90 and 365 days.
  • The study found that adherence rates were modest, with approximately 44-57% of patients meeting the criteria for consistent CPAP use, depending on the measurement standards applied.
  • Factors such as age, apnea ratio, and the interaction of BMI with oxygen desaturation levels significantly impacted adherence, highlighting the complexity of factors affecting patient compliance with CPAP therapy.
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Background: Limited epidemiological information is available on spontaneous pneumothorax. To address this gap, the Japan Society for Pneumothorax and Cystic Lung Disease (JSPCLD) conducted a nationwide retrospective survey to investigate the current epidemiology of spontaneous pneumothorax in Japan.

Methods: In this study, we conducted a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study to demonstrate the clinical features of spontaneous pneumothorax in one year from April 2019 to March 2020, compare patient characteristics and treatment outcomes between primary (PSP) and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP), and investigate the risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality among patients with SSP.

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Longitudinal changes in respiratory reactance in patients with COPD: associations with longitudinal change in air-trapping, exacerbations, and mortality.

Respir Physiol Neurobiol

April 2024

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.

Introduction: Air-trapping affects clinical outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may be detected by reactance at 5 Hz (X5) on respiratory oscillometry because X5 sensitively reflects the elasticity of the chest wall, airway and lung. However, the longitudinal association between X5 and air-trapping remains to be explored. This study aimed to test whether longitudinal changes in X5 could be associated with air-trapping progression, exacerbations, and mortality in patients with COPD.

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Background: Osimertinib is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that is an established standard treatment option for chemotherapy-naive patients with EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, of such patients who have received prior treatment with a first- or second-generation EGFR TKI, only approximately half are eligible for osimertinib therapy because its indication as second-line treatment and beyond is limited to metastatic NSCLC that is positive for the T790M resistance mutation of the EGFR gene. This study was initiated at the request of a dedicated network for patients with lung cancer in Japan.

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Background: The clinical questions of whether chemotherapy as initial treatment, compared with best supportive care (BSC), improves overall survival (OS) and whether it increases the occurrence risk of acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) in patients with advanced-stage lung cancer and IIP remain inconclusive. This study addresses these issues, given that chemotherapy-related acute exacerbation of IIP may be a direct cause of mortality in these patients.

Methods: We enrolled 1003 patients from 110 Japanese institutions and collected clinical profiles from 707 and 296 patients in the chemotherapy (men: women, 645:62; mean age, 70.

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Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are promising modalities of gene therapy to address unmet medical needs. However, anti-AAV neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) hamper the vector-mediated therapeutic effect. Therefore, NAb prevalence in the target population is vital in designing clinical trials with AAV vectors.

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Objective: Although fasciculation on muscle ultrasonography (MUS) is useful in diagnosing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), its applicability to early diagnosis remains unclear. We aimed to develop and validate diagnostic models especially beneficial to early-stage ALS via machine learning.

Methods: We investigated 100 patients with ALS, including 50 with early-stage ALS within 9 months from onset, and 100 without ALS.

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Quantitative computed tomography-based evaluation of skeletal muscle and presence of sarcopenia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Respir Investig

September 2022

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.

Sarcopenia, or age-related muscle loss, is a common comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with multiple contributing factors. We hypothesized that the presence of sarcopenia can be estimated using quantitative computed tomography-based parameters in patients with COPD. We retrospectively evaluated 38 elderly (≥65 years) men with COPD for pooled data, including hand grip strength and gait speed.

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Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related hypophysitis.

Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab

May 2022

Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been recently proposed as a strategy for treating anti-malignant neoplasms. However, this treatment leads to immune-related adverse events (irAEs) such as autoimmune endocrinopathy. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of ICI-related hypophysitis are essential as it can manifest as a life-threatening condition due to an adrenal crisis.

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Artificial red blood cells [i.e., hemoglobin vesicles (HbVs)] can be used as photosensitizers in pulsed-dye laser (PDL) treatment for port wine stains in animal models.

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Objectives: Orthostatic dizziness/vertigo (ODV) is a common symptom and is believed to occur due to the cerebral hypoperfusion caused by orthostatic hypotension (OH). However, the detailed mechanism underlying ODV onset is poorly understood. The vertebral artery (VA) mainly supplies blood to the central vestibular system; therefore, the orthostatic decrease of VA blood flow could possibly lead to ODV.

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Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder, but the molecular mechanisms leading to its initiation or progression remain unclear. To elucidate the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, we used an in vitro neuronal cell culture model involving human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from a monozygotic-twin discordant schizophrenia pair. The cultured neurons differentiated from hiPSCs were composed of a mixture of glutamatergic excitatory neurons and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory neurons.

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Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma can directly invade the peripancreatic lymph nodes; however, the significance of direct lymph node invasion is controversial, and it is currently classified as lymph node metastasis. This study aimed to identify the impact of direct invasion of peripancreatic lymph nodes on survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Methods: A total of 411 patients with resectable/borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent pancreatic resection at two high-volume centers from 2006 to 2016 were evaluated retrospectively.

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Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among residents and their environments in the Nara prefecture, Japan.

J Infect Public Health

February 2021

Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.

Background: Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori, specifically cagA-positive strains, is associated with gastric cancer. Thus, measures to prevent H. pylori infection are required.

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Background: The data of sequential therapy of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in clinical practice have been limited.

Methods: We reviewed the clinical data of patients with ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer who received crizotinib (CRZ) or alectinib (ALEC) between May 2012 and December 2016. Patients were divided into two groups based on the first-administered ALK-TKI, the CRZ or ALEC group.

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Background: Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is important for detecting neurological dysfunction, allowing for intervention and reversal of neurological deficits before they become permanent. Of the several IONM modalities, transcranial electrical stimulation of motor-evoked potential (TES-MEP) can help monitor the activity in the pyramidal tract. Surgery- and non-surgery-related factors could result in a TES-MEP alert during surgery.

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Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute otitis media in children-2018 update.

Auris Nasus Larynx

August 2020

Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8521, Japan.

Objective: "Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media in Children-2018 update (2018 Guidelines)" aim to provide appropriate recommendations about the diagnosis and management of children with acute otitis media (AOM), including recurrent acute otitis media (recurrent AOM), in children under 15 years of age. These evidence-based recommendations were created with the consensus of the subcommittee members, taking into consideration unique characteristics of bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of AOM pathogens in Japan, as well as global advances in vaccines.

Methods: The subcommittee re-evaluated key clinical issues based on SCOPE (a master plan of the guidelines) and created clinical questions (CQ) about the diagnosis and management of AOM patients.

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Previous studies have reported that cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) improves cognitive deficits in patents with schizophrenia. However, few studies have focused on the underlying structural alterations in the brain following Vocational Cognitive Ability Training by the Japanese Cognitive Rehabilitation Program for Schizophrenia (VCAT-J). In this study, we analyzed changes in diffusion tensor imaging parameters in 31 patients with schizophrenia after 12 weeks of intervention consisting of standard treatment alone or standard treatment plus VCAT-J, in order to determine the effect of the latter on white matter microstructural plasticity.

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Purpose: To evaluate whether osteogenic matrix cell sheets can supply osteogenesis to dead bone.

Methods: Femur bone fragments (5 mm in length) were obtained from Fisher 344 rats and irradiated by a single exposure of 60 Gy to produce bones that were no longer viable. Osteogenic matrix cell sheets were created from rat bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs).

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From insulin synthesis to secretion: Alternative splicing of type 2 ryanodine receptor gene is essential for insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells.

Int J Biochem Cell Biol

October 2017

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan. Electronic address:

Increases in the intracellular Ca concentration in pancreatic islets, resulting from the Ca mobilization from the intracellular source through the ryanodine receptor, are essential for insulin secretion by glucose. Cyclic ADP-ribose, a potent Ca mobilizing second messenger synthesized from NAD by CD38, regulates the opening of ryanodine receptor. A novel ryanodine receptor mRNA (the islet-type ryanodine receptor) was found to be generated from the type 2 ryanodine receptor gene by the alternative splicing of exons 4 and 75.

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Japanese standard for clinical stabilometry assessment: Current status and future directions.

Auris Nasus Larynx

April 2018

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Toho University School of Medical (Sakura) 564-1, Shimoshizu, Sakura city, Chiba Pref. 285-8741, Japan. Electronic address:

Stabilometry is a useful tool for examining patients with functional disorders of the vestibular system. However, measurement techniques and devices vary by country. Therefore, international standardization of stabilometry is mandatory to validate the exchange of important findings.

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The TNF-α of mast cells induces pro-inflammatory responses during infection with Acinetobacter baumannii.

Immunobiology

November 2017

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan. Electronic address:

Mast cells serve important roles as sentinels against bacterial infection by secreting mediators stored in granules. Much of their effectiveness depends upon recruiting and/or modulating other immune cells. The location of mast cells implies that they recognize pathogens invading tissues or mucosal tissues.

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Association between advanced practice nursing and 30-day mortality in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: A retrospective cohort study.

J Crit Care

October 2017

Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Electronic address:

Purpose: Little is known about the association between advanced practice nursing and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of advanced practice nurses (APN), that is, certified nurse (CN) and certified nurse specialist (CNS) in intensive care, is associated with 30-day mortality for mechanically ventilated critically ill patients.

Materials And Methods: Using a Japanese national in-patient database, we identified 45,620 patients who were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and received mechanical ventilation within 2 days of hospital admission between 1 April 2014 and 31 March 2015.

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