Neuroprotective Effects of Functionalized Hydrophilic Carbon Clusters: Targeted Therapy of Traumatic Brain Injury in an Open Blast Rat Model.

Unlabelled: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes multiple cerebrovascular disruptions and oxidative stress. These pathological mechanisms are often accompanied by serious impairment of cerebral blood flow autoregulation and neuronal and glial degeneration.

Background/objectives: Multiple biochemical cascades are triggered by brain damage, resulting in reactive oxygen species production alongside blood loss and hypoxia.

F-ATP Synthase Inhibitors and Targets.

() infection causes tuberculosis (TB). TB is one of the most intractable infectious diseases, causing over 1.13 million deaths annually.

Positive and Negative Affect Differentially Predict Individual Differences and Intra-Individual Changes in Daily Cognitive Failures in Younger and Older Adults.

(1) Background: Cognitive failures, including lapses in attention, memory, and executive functioning, can negatively affect daily performance and well-being. Negative and positive affectivity have been implicated in cognitive functioning, yet their relationship with cognitive failures remains underexplored. This study investigates the impact of positive and negative affect on cognitive failures, using daily diary methods to examine both within-person and between-person associations in a sample of younger adults from Singapore and adults across the lifespan from the United States (US).

Personalized Dose Selection for Treatment of Patients with Neuropsychiatric Disorders Using tDCS.

: Individualizing transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) parameters can improve precision in neuropsychiatric disorders. One important decision for the clinician is the selection of an appropriate montage-conventional or high-definition (HD)-to implement dose-controlled tDCS while maintaining the patient's safety. : The present study simulated tDCS administration using T1-weighted brain images of 50 dementia, 25 depression patients, and 25 healthy individuals for two conventional and HD montages, targeting the regions of interest (ROIs) in the dorsal and ventral pathways that support language processing.

Fully distributed energy management strategy for DC bus charging stations with three charging modes.

Although electric vehicles supplied through distributed generators (DGs) have been universally researched to reduce CO emissions, the accurate current sharing regarding islanded multi-bus DC charging stations considering three charging modes of electric vehicles, i.e., constant current mode, constant power mode and constant voltage mode, is rarely realized.

Targeting mutant p53: Evaluation of novel anti-p53 monoclonal antibodies as diagnostic tools.

About 50% of all cancers carry a mutation in p53 that impairs its tumor suppressor function. The p53 missense mutation p53 (p53 in mice) is a hotspot mutation in various cancer types. Therefore, monoclonal antibodies selectively targeting clinically relevant mutations like p53 could prove immensely value.

Swarm navigation of cyborg-insects in unknown obstructed soft terrain.

Cyborg insects refer to hybrid robots that integrate living insects with miniature electronic controllers to enable robotic-like programmable control. These creatures exhibit advantages over conventional robots in adaption to complex terrain and sustained energy efficiency. Nevertheless, there is a lack of literature on the control of multi-cyborg systems.

Tract-specific white matter hyperintensities and neuropsychiatric syndromes: a multicentre memory clinic study.

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia but the functional significance of WMH in specific white matter (WM) tracts is unclear. We investigate whether WMH burden within major WM fibre classes and individual WM tracts are differentially associated with different neuropsychiatric syndromes in a large multicentre study.

Method: Neuroimaging and neuropsychiatric data of seven memory clinic cohorts through the Meta VCI Map consortium were harmonised.

Highly Elastic Spongelike Hydrogels for Impedance-Based Multimodal Sensing.

Hydrogel-based sensors have been widely studied for perceiving the environment. However, the simplest type of resistive sensors still lacks sensitivity to localized strain and other extractable data. Enhancing their sensitivity and expanding their functionality to perceive multiple stimuli simultaneously are highly beneficial yet require optimal material design and proper testing methods.

Streamlined Access to Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis Terminator GlcNAc-1,6-anhydro-MurNAc.

GlcNAc-1,6-anhydro-MurNAc is a key peptidoglycan elongation terminator of biological and medicinal importance. Herein, we present a concise approach to this molecule in 12 steps with an overall 25% yield using d-glucosamine as the sole starting material. Our synthesis features the formation of a 1,6-anhydro-MurNAc building block by an intramolecular glycosylation and the selective conversion of the phthalimido group of the MurNPhth moiety, paving the way for antibiotics with a new killing mechanism by targeting bacterial transglycosylase.

Bound-States-in-the-Continuum-Induced Directional Photoluminescence with Polarization Singularity in WS Monolayers.

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides are promising materials that not only are atomically thin but also have direct bandgaps, making them highly regarded in optics and optoelectronics. However, their photoluminescence exhibits almost random polarization at room temperature. The emission is also omnidirectional and weak due to the low quantum yield.

Transformation-Invariant Laplacian Metadevices Robust to Environmental Variation.

As one of the typical applications of metamaterials, the invisibility cloak has raised vast research interests. After many years' research efforts, the invisibility cloak has extended its applicability from optics and acoustics to electrostatics and thermal diffusion. One scientific challenge that has significantly restricted the practical application of the invisibility cloak is the strong background dependence, that is, all passive cloaking devices realized thus far are unable to resist variation in the background refractive index.

Optical coherence tomography angiography enables visualization of microvascular patterns in chronic venous insufficiency.

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a global health concern with significant public health and individual impact. Currently available diagnostic methods cannot visualize microvenous pathologies that have shown to result in severe forms of CVI and also affect the skin. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) may close the CVI diagnostic gap by providing a fast, label-free, and non-invasive solution to visualize cutaneous microvasculature.

The stability improvements of dye-sensitized solar cell with natural template for photoanode using lignin extracted from rice husk.

In response to escalating global concerns over environmental pollution, the development of green dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has emerged as a promising technology for solar energy conversion. This study harnesses the potential of rice husk, an abundant agricultural waste in Indonesia, by extracting lignin through a simple recycling method. Lignin acts as a natural, non-toxic dopant and template for TiO₂ composites, enhancing the stability of the photoanode in DSSCs.

A Novel Integrated Geriatric Services Hub for Frailty Identification and Comprehensive Management of Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Singapore: Impact on Health Service Utilization.

Background: Healthcare systems need to address the high healthcare use of frail older adults. The Geriatric Services Hub (GSH) is a novel program in Singapore that delivers frailty screening, comprehensive geriatric assessment and coordinated care for community-dwelling older persons with bio-psycho-social needs. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the GSH on healthcare use.

Immunotherapeutic targeting of aging-associated isoDGR motif in chronic lung inflammation.

Accumulation of damaged biomolecules in body tissues is the primary cause of aging and age-related chronic diseases. Since this damage often occurs spontaneously, it has traditionally been regarded as untreatable, with typical therapeutic strategies targeting genes or enzymes being ineffective in this domain. In this report, we demonstrate that an antibody targeting the isoDGR damage motif in lung tissue can guide immune clearance of harmful damaged proteins in vivo, effectively reducing age-linked lung inflammation.

Ethical Use of Cadaveric Images in Anatomical Textbooks, Atlases, and Journals: A Consensus Response From Authors and Editors.

Nowadays, consent to use donor bodies for medical education and research is obtained from the body donors and their families before the donation. Recently, the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) published guidelines that could restrict the appearance of cadaveric images in commercial anatomical resources such as textbooks and other educational products. These guidelines state that the donor must expressly consent to using such images for this purpose.

Effects of RARα ligand binding domain mutations on breast fibroepithelial tumor function and signaling.

Point mutations in the ligand binding domain of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) are linked to breast fibroepithelial tumor development, but their role in solid tumorigenesis is unclear. In this study, we assessed the functional effects of known RARα mutations on retinoic acid signaling using biochemical and cellular assays. All tested mutants exhibited reduced transcriptional activity compared to wild-type RARα and showed a dominant negative effect, a feature associated with developmental defects and tumor formation.

CIROZ is dispensable in ancestral vertebrates but essential for left-right patterning in humans.

Four genes-DAND5, PKD1L1, MMP21, and CIROP-form a genetic module that has specifically evolved in vertebrate species that harbor motile cilia in their left-right organizer (LRO). We find here that CIROZ (previously known as C1orf127) is also specifically expressed in the LRO of mice, frogs, and fish, where it encodes a protein with a signal peptide followed by 3 zona pellucida N domains, consistent with extracellular localization. We report 16 individuals from 10 families with bi-allelic CIROZ inactivation variants, which cause heterotaxy with congenital heart defects.

Exploring the Impact of Amidation Status in -Diaminopimelic-Acid-Containing Disaccharide Peptidoglycan Fragments on Host Innate Immune Activation.

Bacterial peptidoglycan, the essential cell surface polymer that protects bacterial integrity, also serves as the molecular pattern recognized by the host's innate immune system. Although the minimal motifs of bacterial peptidoglycan fragments (PGNs) that activate mammalian NOD1 and NOD2 sensors are well-known and often represented by small canonical ligands, the immunostimulatory effects of natural PGNs, which are structurally more complex and potentially can simultaneously activate both the NOD1 and NOD2 signaling pathways in hosts, have not been comprehensively investigated. In particular, many bacteria incorporate additional structural modifications in peptidoglycans to evade host immune surveillance, resulting in diverse structural variations among natural PGNs that may influence their biological effects in hosts.

Optimising dementia screening in community-dwelling older adults: A rapid review of brief diagnostic tools in Singapore.

Introduction: Timely detection of dementia enables early access to dementia-specific care services and interventions. Various stakeholders brought together to refine Singapore's dementia care strategy identified a lack of a standardised cognitive screening tool and the absence of a comparative review of existing tools. We hence conducted a rapid review to evaluate the diagnostic performance of brief cognitive screening tools in identifying possible dementia among community-dwelling older adults in Singapore.