An overview of critical applications of resistive random access memory.

The rapid advancement of new technologies has resulted in a surge of data, while conventional computers are nearing their computational limits. The prevalent von Neumann architecture, where processing and storage units operate independently, faces challenges such as data migration through buses, leading to decreased computing speed and increased energy loss. Ongoing research aims to enhance computing capabilities through the development of innovative chips and the adoption of new system architectures.

Investigating the features of risky driving behaviors on expressway diverge area based on conflict and modeling analysis.

Driving behaviors are important cause of expressway crash. In this study, method based on modified time-to-collision (MTTC) to identify risky driving behaviors on an expressway diverge area is proposed, thus investigating the impact of velocity and acceleration features of risky driving behavior. Firstly, MTTC is applied to judge whether the behavior is risky.

Alloying Pd with Ru enables electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia with ∼100% faradaic efficiency over a wide potential window.

Electrocatalytic nitrate (NO) reduction reaction (eNORR) to ammonia under ambient conditions is deemed a sustainable route for wastewater treatment and a promising alternative to the Haber-Bosch process. However, there is still a lack of efficient electrocatalysts to achieve high NH production performance at wastewater-relevant low NO concentrations. Herein, we report a PdRu bimetallic nanocrystal (NC) electrocatalyst capable of exhibiting an average NH FE of ∼100% over a wide potential window from 0.

Rational design and topochemical synthesis of polymorphs of a polymer.

Packing a polymer in different ways can give polymorphs of the polymer having different properties. β-Turn forming peptides such as 2-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib)-rich peptides adopt several conformations by varying the dihedral angles. Aiming at this, a β-turn-forming peptide monomer would give different polymorphs and these polymorphs upon topochemical polymerization would yield polymorphs of the polymer, we designed an Aib-rich monomer N-(Aib)-NHCH-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CH.

Nitrogen removal by algal-bacterial consortium during mainstream wastewater treatment: Transformation mechanisms and potential NO mitigation.

This work investigated nitrogen transformation pathways of the algal-bacterial consortium as well as its potential in reducing nitrous oxide (NO) emission in enclosed, open and aerated reactors. The results confirmed the superior ammonium removal performance of the algal-bacterial consortium relative to the single algae (Chlorella vulgaris) or the activated sludge, achieving the highest efficiency at 100% and the highest rate of 7.34 mg N g MLSS h in the open reactor with glucose.

Rare bioparticle detection deep metric learning.

Recent deep neural networks have shown superb performance in analyzing bioimages for disease diagnosis and bioparticle classification. Conventional deep neural networks use simple classifiers such as SoftMax to obtain highly accurate results. However, they have limitations in many practical applications that require both low false alarm rate and high recovery rate, , rare bioparticle detection, in which the representative image data is hard to collect, the training data is imbalanced, and the input images in inference time could be different from the training images.

Few-Layered WS Anchored on Co, N-Doped Carbon Hollow Polyhedron for Oxygen Evolution and Hydrogen Evolution.

Tungsten disulfide (WS) is well known to have great potential as an electrocatalyst, but the practical application is hampered by its intrinsic inert plane and semiconductor properties. In this work, owing to a Co-based zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF-67) that effectively inhibited WS growth, few-layered WS was confined to the surface of Co, N-doped carbon polyhedron (WS@CoS), with more marginal active sites and higher conductivity, which promoted efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). For the first time, WS@CoS was prepared by mixing in one pot of a liquid phase and calcination, and WS realized uniform distribution on the polyhedron surface by electrostatic adsorption in the liquid phase.

Porous silver microrods by plasma vulcanization activation for enhanced electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction.

Metal electrode is considered as an ideal candidate for electrocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO) reduction considering its excellent chemical stability, application potential and eco-friendly properties. Optimization process such as morphological control, non-metallic doping, alloying is widely studied to improve the efficiency of metal electrodes. In this work, we successfully improved the CO reduction performance of silver using a facile plasma vulcanization treatment.

Noble metal nanowire arrays as an ethanol oxidation electrocatalyst.

Vertically aligned noble metal nanowire arrays were grown on conductive electrodes based on a solution growth method. They show significant improvement of electrocatalytic activity in ethanol oxidation, from a re-deposited sample of the same detached nanowires. The unusual morphology provides open diffusion channels and direct charge transport pathways, in addition to the high electrochemically active surface from the ultrathin nanowires.

The characteristics of combustion reactions involving thermite under different shell materials.

To study the influence of tubular shell materials on the combustion of thermite, numerical simulations and experimental comparisons of the combustion efficiencies of thermite with PVC and stainless-steel shell materials were carried out. The thermal conductivity coefficient and heat radiation correlation coefficient of a shell material directly affect heat transfer during a heat-transfer process, that is, the lower the thermal conductivity and the higher the heat radiation reflectance coefficient, the lower the heat flux through the material and the less heat is lost. The experimental results show that compared with the stainless-steel tube material, the temperature distribution of thermite is more concentrated and the effect of melting through a steel target plate is more apparent when PVC is used as the shell material.

Prospects of kefiran as a food-derived biopolymer for agri-food and biomedical applications.

There is a huge demand for food-derived polysaccharides in the field of materials research due to the increasing concerns posed by synthetic biopolymers. The scientific community is extensively searching for other natural, food-derived or bio-inspired polymers that possess promising potentials and advantageous properties that can be promptly utilized for multifarious applications. Kefiran, a food-derived microbial exopolysaccharide extracted from kefir grains has exhibited evidence of non-toxicity, anti-microbial activity, nutritional value, and other favourable characteristics.

Bio-electrostatic sensitive droplet lasers for molecular detection.

Electrostatics plays a critical function in most biomolecules, therefore monitoring molecular electrostatic interactions at the biointerface can provide the basis in diagnosis and biomedical science. Herein we report a bioelectrostatic responsive microlaser based on liquid crystal (LC) droplets and explored its application for the ultrasensitive detection of negatively charged biomolecules. A whispering gallery mode (WGM) laser from positively charged LC microdroplets was designed as the optical resonator, in which the lasing wavelength shift was employed as the sensing parameter.

Facile control of surfactant lamellar phase transition and adsorption behavior.

This study sets out to investigate the effect of the presence of small water-soluble additives on the tunability of the surfactant gel-to-liquid crystalline (L-L) phase transition temperature ( ) for a bilayer-forming cationic surfactant and the phase behavior of such surfactant systems on dilution. This is strongly driven by the fact that this type of cationic surfactant has many interesting unanswered scientific questions and has found applications in various areas such as consumer care, the petrochemical industry, food science, The underlying surfactant/additive interactions and the interfacial behavior of lamellar surfactant systems including the surfactant deposition on surfaces can provide new avenues to develop novel product formulations. We have examined dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DODAC) in the presence of small polar additives, with respect to the phase behavior upon dilution and the deposition on silica.

Synthesis through 3D printing: formation of 3D coordination polymers.

Coordination polymers (CPs) and coordination network solids such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained increasing interest during recent years due to their unique properties and potential applications. Preparing 3D printed structures using CP would provide many advantages towards utilization in fields such as catalysis and sensing. So far, functional 3D structures were printed mostly by dispersing pre-synthesized particles of CPs and MOFs within a polymerizable carrier.

Au nano-urchins enabled localized surface plasmon resonance sensing of beta amyloid fibrillation.

Early stage detection of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of utmost importance, as it has become one of the leading causes of death of millions of people. The gradual intellectual decline in AD patients is an outcome of fibrillation of amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ) peptides in the brain. In this paper, we present localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based sensing of Aβ fibrillation using Au nano-urchins.

Nanocarriers for Stroke Therapy: Advances and Obstacles in Translating Animal Studies.

The technology of drug delivery systems (DDS) has expanded into many applications, such as for treating neurological disorders. Nanoparticle DDS offer a unique strategy for targeted transport and improved outcomes of therapeutics. Stroke is likely to benefit from the emergence of this technology though clinical breakthroughs are yet to manifest.

Nuclear wastewater decontamination by 3D-Printed hierarchical zeolite monoliths.

The selective removal of radioactive cationic species, specifically Cs and Sr, from contaminated water is critical for nuclear waste remediation processes and environmental cleanup after accidents, such as the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant disaster in 2011. Nanoporous silicates, such as zeolites, are most commonly used for this process but in addition to acting as selective ion exchange media must also be deployable in a correct physical form for flow columns. Herein, Digital Light Processing (DLP) three-dimensional (3D) printing was utilized to form monoliths from zeolite ion exchange powders that are known to be good for nuclear wastewater treatment.

Synthesis of highly branched hollow trimetallic PdAgCu nanoparticles.

An aqueous, room temperature, and surfactant-less synthetic route based on galvanic replacement and co-reduction is reported to yield PdAgCu nanoparticles (NPs) with a high density of sharp and branched tips. The PdAgCu NPs are of high-purity, uniform size and more than 90% of them adopt branched tips. Besides, the PdAgCu NPs exhibit hollow interiors, well-alloyed nature, and a tuneable localized surface plasmon resonance peak in the near infrared region.

sp-d Exchange Interactions in Wave Function Engineered Colloidal CdSe/Mn:CdS Hetero-Nanoplatelets.

In two-dimensional (2D) colloidal semiconductor nanoplatelets, which are atomically flat nanocrystals, the precise control of thickness and composition on the atomic scale allows for the synthesis of heterostructures with well-defined electron and hole wave function distributions. Introducing transition metal dopants with a monolayer precision enables tailored magnetic exchange interactions between dopants and band states. Here, we use the absorption based technique of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) to directly prove the exchange coupling of magnetic dopants with the band charge carriers in hetero-nanoplatelets with CdSe core and manganese-doped CdS shell (CdSe/Mn:CdS).

DLAT subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is upregulated in gastric cancer-implications in cancer therapy.

An iTRAQ-based tandem mass spectrometry approach was employed to relatively quantify proteins in the membrane proteome of eleven gastric cancer cell lines relative to a denominator non-cancer gastric epithelial cell line HFE145. Of the 882 proteins detected, 57 proteins were found to be upregulated with > 1.3-fold change in at least 6 of the 11 cell lines.

Two-dimensional subwavelength imaging from a hemispherical hyperlens.

We report a hemispherical-shaped hyperlens with subwavelength resolution less than 100 nm. Simulations with the finite-element method show that with a 365 nm illumination, the hemispherical hyperlens isotropically magnifies the image along the radial direction. Under linearly polarized light, portions of an object can be resolved.

Electroluminescence from n-In2O3:Sn randomly assembled nanorods/p-SiC heterojunction.

Room-temperature electroluminescence (EL) has been realized from Sn-doped In(2)O(3) (In(2)O(3):Sn) nanorods. Heterojunction light-emitting diode (LED) was formed by depositing a layer of randomly packed n-In(2)O(3):Sn nanorods onto a p-type 4H-SiC substrate. It is found that the emission intensity of the heterojunction LED under forward bias can be maximized by doping the In(2)O(3) nanorods with 3 mol.

Nanoscale contacts between carbon nanotubes and metallic pads.

It is well-known that the electrical properties and performance of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) are largely dominated by their nanotube/metal contacts. Such nanometer-scaled contacts are typically different from traditional bulk semiconductor/metal contacts, as a thin layer of molecules could be unintentionally introduced between the CNTs and metal electrodes through either adsorption of environmental molecules or device fabrication processes. Here, we present a nanocontact model, in which the energy band bending in the CNTs near the contacts is quantitatively characterized through establishment of electrostatic charge balance between the CNTs and metallic pads under the influences of environmental oxygen.

Release kinetics of hydrophobic and hydrophilic model drugs from pluronic F127/poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles.

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was successfully grafted to both ends of Pluronic F127 block copolymers (PEO-PPO-PEO) to obtain amphiphilic PLA-F127-PLA block copolymers. The block composition and structure of PLA-F127-PLA block copolymers were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD) techniques. Data from DSC and WXRD measurements indicated that Tg and Tm of PLA blocks in PLA-F127-PLA block polymers are lower than those of PLA homopolymer.