A Differentiated HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Delivery Model for High-Risk Groups in Nanning City, South China: Findings from a Pilot Program.

In China, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among men who have sex with men (MSM) and HIV-serodiscordant couples is low. We offered differentiated PrEP options tailored to MSM in a community-based organization (CBO) setting, and to HIV-serodiscordant couples attempting conception in a specialized HIV care clinic. The CBO facilitated PrEP by linkage with a telemedicine platform for virtual consultation; additional online follow-up on social media was conducted by peers.

Model-inferred timing and infectious period of the chickenpox outbreak source.

Background: In May 2024, a chickenpox outbreak was reported at Xiasha Primary School located in Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, China, with a total of 12 cases identified. Despite thorough on-site investigations, the source of infection remained undetected. The purpose of our study was to infer the timing and duration of the infectious period of the initial case using modeling techniques, thereby deducing the identity of the source.

Association between the levels of toxic heavy metals and schizophrenia in the population of Guangxi, China: A case-control study.

The relationship between body levels of heavy metals and the risk of schizophrenia remains unclear. This study investigates the relationship between plasma levels of toxic heavy metals and the risk of schizophrenia among adults in Guangxi, China. Plasma concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and chromium (Cr) were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Explainable machine learning framework to predict the risk of work-related neck and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders among healthcare professionals.

Objective: This study aims to develop risk prediction models for neck and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders among healthcare professionals.

Methods: A stratified sampling method was employed to select employees from medical institutions in Nanning City, yielding 617 samples. The Boruta algorithm was used for feature selection, and various models, including Tree-Based Models, Single Hidden-Layer Neural Network Models (MLP), Elastic Net Models (ENet), and Support Vector Machines (SVM), were applied to predict the selected variables, utilizing SHAP algorithms for individual-level local explanations.

Spatiotemporal trends and geographic disparities in spatial accessibility to maternal and child health services in Nanning, China: impact of two-child policies.

Background: China's family planning policies have experienced stages of one-child policy, partial two-child policy, and universal two-child policy. However, the impact of these policy shifts on the spatial accessibility to maternal and child health (MCH) services for women and children remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the spatiotemporal trends and geographic disparities in spatial accessibility to MCH services in the context of two-child polices.

HIV knowledge, sexual attitudes, and PrEP-Eligible behaviors among college students in Southwest China: a cross-sectional study.

Background: There is an increasing number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reported cases among students in Southwest China. However, the data on HIV/sex-related knowledge, attitude toward sex, sexual behaviors, and correlates of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)-eligible behaviors among college students in this area is still limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of HIV/sex-related knowledge, sexual attitudes, sexual behaviors, and factors associated with PrEP-eligible behaviors among college students.

Anti-IL-17 Inhibits PINK1/Parkin Autophagy and M1 Macrophage Polarization in Rheumatic Heart Disease.

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is an important and preventable cause of cardiovascular death and disability, but the lack of clarity about its exact mechanisms makes it more difficult to find alternative methods or prevention and treatment. We previously demonstrated that increased IL-17 expression plays a crucial role in the development of RHD-related valvular inflammatory injury. Macrophage autophagy/polarization may be a pro-survival strategy in the initiation and resolution of the inflammatory process.

Willingness to Use Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir and Associated Factors Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Guangxi, China.

Cabotegravir (CAB-LA), the first long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), has been approved for use in the USA and is not currently on the market in China. However, willingness to use CAB-LA and associated factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) have not yet been evaluated in China. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Guangxi, China, in 2022 recruiting 1,006 MSM.

[Research progress of non-coding RNA involved in glycolysis regulation of hepatocellular carcinoma].

Liver cancer is a common tumor of digestive system. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common type of liver cancer, which has a high degree of malignancy and ranks among the top causes of cancer-related death in the world. Metabolic reprogramming is considered to be an important marker of carcinogenesis.

Anthocyanins from blueberry ameliorated arsenic-induced memory impairment, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial-biosynthesis imbalance in rat hippocampal neurons.

In this study, blueberry anthocyanins extract (BAE) was used to investigate its protective effect on arsenic-induced rat hippocampal neurons damage. Arsenic exposure resulted in elevated levels of oxidative stress, decreased antioxidant capacity and increased apoptosis in rat hippocampal brain tissue and mitochondria. Immunohistochemical results showed that arsenic exposure also significantly decreased the expression of mitochondrial biosynthesis-related factors PGC-1α and TFAM.

Effectiveness of human immunodeficiency virus prevention strategies by mapping the geographic dispersion pattern of human immunodeficiency virus prevalence in Nanning, China.

Background: The Guangxi government initiated two rounds of the Guangxi AIDS Conquering Project (GACP) in 2010 (Phase I) and 2015 (Phase II) to control human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemics. However, the effectiveness of GACP in HIV prevention and treatment has rarely been reported. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the GACP implemented in Guangxi, China and provide data for strategy and praxis improvements to achieve Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 95-95 targets.

Incidence and warning signs for complications of human brucellosis: a multi-center observational study from China.

Background: Brucellosis is a severe zoonotic disease that is often overlooked, particularly in impoverished countries. Timely identification of focal complications in brucellosis is crucial for improving treatment outcomes. However, there is currently a lack of established indicators or biomarkers for diagnosing these complications.

Prevalence of depressive symptoms and correlates among individuals who self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection after optimizing the COVID-19 response in China.

Background: The burden of depression symptoms has increased among individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 during COVID-19 pandemic. However, the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 remain uncertain after optimizing the COVID-19 response in China.

Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among the public from January 6 to 30, 2023, using a convenience sampling method.

Mechanism through which the hsa-circ_0000992- hsa- miR- 936-AKT3 regulatory network promotes the PM-induced inflammatory response in human bronchial epithelial cells.

Background: Studies have shown that fine particulate matter (PM) remains a significant problem in developing countries and plays a critical role in the onset and progression of respiratory illnesses. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in many pathophysiological processes,but their relationship to PM pollution is largely unexplored.

Objectives: To elucidate the functional role of hsa_circ_0000992 in PM-induced inflammation in a human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE) and to clarify whether the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism is involved in the interrelationships between hsa_circ_0000992 and hsa-miR-936 and the inflammatory signaling pathways.

Prediction of the risk of cytopenia in hospitalized HIV/AIDS patients using machine learning methods based on electronic medical records.

Background: Cytopenia is a frequent complication among HIV-infected patients who require hospitalization. It can have a negative impact on the treatment outcomes for these patients. However, by leveraging machine learning techniques and electronic medical records, a predictive model can be developed to evaluate the risk of cytopenia during hospitalization in HIV patients.

Detection of human adenoviruses in influenza-negative patients with respiratory tract infections in Nanning, China.

Background: Human adenoviruses (HAdV) have been known to cause a range of diseases, including respiratory tract infections (RTIs). However, there is limited information available regarding the genotype diversity and epidemiology of HAdV associated with RTIs in Nanning.

Methods: Between June 2019 and December 2021, throat swab, nasal swab, or nasopharyngeal swab samples were obtained from individuals hospitalized with respiratory tract infections (RTIs).

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for rapid detection of pulmonary infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Background: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with a high rate of pulmonary infections (bacteria, fungi, and viruses). To overcome the low sensitivity and long turnaround time of traditional laboratory-based diagnostic strategies, we adopted metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) technology to identify and classify pathogens.

Results: This study enrolled 75 patients with AIDS and suspected pulmonary infections who were admitted to Nanning Fourth People's Hospital.

HIV-1 Transmission among Injecting Drug Users is Principally Derived from Local Circulating Strains in Guangxi, China.

Objective: The mode of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission injection drug use (IDU) still exists, and the recent shift in IDU-related transmission of HIV infection is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatiotemporal sources and dynamics of HIV-1 transmission through IDU in Guangxi.

Methods: We performed a molecular epidemiological investigation of infections across Guangxi from 2009 to 2019.

Effectiveness of Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines against Delta-Variant COVID-19: Evidence from an Outbreak in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.

Phase 3 clinical trials and real-world effectiveness studies showed that China's two main inactivated COVID-19 vaccines are very effective against serious illness. In November 2021, an outbreak occurred in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region that provided an opportunity to assess the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of these inactivated vaccines against COVID-19 caused by the delta variant. We evaluated VE with a retrospective cohort study of close contacts of infected individuals, using a generalized linear model with binomial distribution and log-link function to estimate risk ratios (RR) and VE.

A case-case study on the effect of primary and booster immunization with China-produced COVID-19 vaccines on prevention of pneumonia and viral load among vaccinated persons infected by Delta and Omicron variants.

Using a three-prefecture, two-variant COVID-19 outbreak in Henan province in January 2022, we evaluated the associations of primary and booster immunization with China-produced COVID-19 vaccines and COVID-19 pneumonia and SARS-CoV-2 viral load among persons infected by Delta or Omicron variant. We obtained demographic, clinical, vaccination, and multiple Ct values of infections ≥3 years of age. Vaccination status was either primary series ≥180 days prior to infection; primary series <180 days prior to infection, or booster dose recipient.

Epidemiological Characteristics and Transmissibility of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Nanning City, China, 2001-2020.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that can weaken the body's cellular and humoral immunity and is a serious disease without specific drug management and vaccine. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiologic characteristics and transmissibility of HIV. Data on HIV follow-up were collected in Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous, China.

Design, Synthesis and Bioactive Evaluation of Oxime Derivatives of Dehydrocholic Acid as Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Agents.

Oxime derivatives of dehydrocholic acid and its esters were designed for anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) drugs according to principles of assembling active chemical fragments. Twelve compounds were synthesized from dehydrocholic acid by esterification and oxime formation, and their anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activities were evaluated with HepG 2.2.