A comprehensive graph neural network method for predicting triplet motifs in Disease-Drug-Gene interactions.

Motivation: The drug-disease, gene-disease, and drug-gene relationships, as high-frequency edge types, describe complex biological processes within the biomedical knowledge graph. The structural patterns formed by these three edges are the graph motifs of (disease, drug, gene) triplets. Among them, the triangle is a steady and important motif structure in the network, and other various motifs different from the triangle also indicate rich semantic relationships.

Highly salt-resistant and efficient dynamic Janus absorber based on thermo-responsive hydroxypropyl cellulose.

Recent advances in interfacial solar steam generation have made direct solar desalination a promising approach for providing cost-effective and environmentally friendly clean water solutions. However, developing highly effective, salt-resistant solar absorbers for long-term desalination at high efficiencies and evaporation rates remains a significant challenge. We present a Janus hydrogel-based absorber featuring a surface modified with thermo-responsive hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and a hydrogel matrix containing photothermal conversion units, MXene, specifically designed for long-term seawater desalination.

Continuous Abrupt Vegetation Shifts in the Global Terrestrial Ecosystem.

Previous studies have primarily focused on single abrupt shifts; however, the actual ecosystem will experience continuous abrupt shifts (CAS), including different directions shifts (DDS) and same direction shifts (SDS). The patterns and drivers of these CAS remain unclear. We examined the patterns of the DDS and SDS by two vegetation datasets and then tested climate drivers comprising atmospheric temperature (MAT), atmospheric precipitation (MAP), soil temperature (ST) and soil water content (SW); finally, hysteresis effects were examined with reference to principal drivers.

Building electrode/electrolyte interphases in aqueous zinc batteries via self-polymerization of electrolyte additives.

Aqueous zinc batteries offer promising prospects for large-scale energy storage, yet their application is limited by undesired side reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Here, we report a universal approach for the building of an electrode/electrolyte interphase (EEI) layer on both the cathode and the anode through the self-polymerization of electrolyte additives. In an exemplified Zn||VO·nHO cell, we reveal that the glutamate additive undergoes radical-initiated electro-polymerization on the cathode and polycondensation on the anode, yielding polyglutamic acid-dominated EEI layers on both electrodes.

An Intelligent Electrochemical Multi-Enzyme Molecular Machine for Chiral Chemical.

In vitro multi-enzyme synthesis pathways harness the core elements of cellular synthesis while simplifying the complexities of cellular processes, facilitating the production of high-value chemicals. However, these in vitro synthesis processes often operate like a "black box," with limited monitoring of each reaction step, leading to a low substrate conversion efficiency. In this study, we present an intelligent multi-enzyme molecular machine(iMEMM) as a model system for achieving the deracemization of D, L-phosphinothricin (D, L-PPT).

LDHAα, a lactate dehydrogenase A isoform, promotes glycolysis and tumor progression.

Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is upregulated in multiple cancer types and contributes to the Warburg effect. Several studies have found that many tumor-related genes have subtypes and play important roles in promoting cancer development. Here, we identified a novel LDHA transcript, which produced a new protein 3 kDa larger than LDHA, which we named LDHAα.

Sleep-Associated Traits and Hearing Difficulties in Noise: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationships between sleep-associated traits and hearing difficulties in noise (HDinN) by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Design: Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with chronotype, insomnia, sleep duration, daytime dozing or sleeping, and ease of getting up in the morning were extracted from European population genome-wide association study pooled data for bidirectional MR analysis. The MR-Egger regression, the inverse variance weighted technique, and the weighted median method were used for data analysis.

Dual Active Site Covalent Organic Framework Anode Enables Stable Aqueous Proton Batteries.

Aqueous proton batteries (APBs) have attracted increasing interest owing to their potential for grid-scale energy storage with extraordinary sustainability and excellent rate abilities. However, there are limited anode materials and it remains a great challenge to effectively balance capacity and cycling performance. Here, we report a covalent organic framework containing C=O and C=N dual active sites (TABQ-COF) as a high-capacity and long-cycle anode for proton batteries.

2,3-Butanediol dehydrogenase is more efficient than acetoin reductase at metabolizing reserve carbon to improve carbon cycling pathways in Lactococcus lactis N8.

Acetoin (AC) and 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) are metabolites produced by lactic acid bacteria using glucose as a carbon source. These two metabolites act as carbon reserves and can be reutilised by the cells. In this study, we investigated the enzymatic characteristics of acetoin reductase (ButA) and 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (ButB).

DVPT: Dynamic Visual Prompt Tuning of large pre-trained models for medical image analysis.

Pre-training and fine-tuning have become popular due to the rich representations embedded in large pre-trained models, which can be leveraged for downstream medical tasks. However, existing methods typically either fine-tune all parameters or only task-specific layers of pre-trained models, overlooking the variability in input medical images. As a result, these approaches may lack efficiency or effectiveness.

The Interplay between Metabolic Reprogramming, Mitochondrial Impairment, and Steroid Response in Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy.

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a major cause of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair failure. Despite many attempts to find therapeutics for PVR, no pharmacotherapy has been proven effective. Steroids, as the epitome, show uncertain clinical effectiveness, which lacks an explanation and hints at unappreciated mechanisms of PVR.

Polydatin mitigates thrombosis by inhibiting PHD2-induced proline hydroxylation on collagen, reducing platelet adhesion.

Background: Platelet adhesion to collagen, a critical initial step in thrombus formation, remains an underexplored therapeutic target in thrombosis. Current disease treatment strategies primarily focus on platelet activation and aggregation, often overlooking the crucial initial adhesion phase. Reynoutria japonica (Huzhang, HZ), utilized in traditional Chinese medicine to enhance blood circulation and resolve blood stasis, lacks comprehensive insights into its active components and their anti-thrombotic mechanisms.

Membrane Proteins in Nanodiscs: Methods and Applications.

Membrane proteins, a principal class of drug targets, play indispensable roles in various biological processes and are closely associated with essential life functions. Their study, however, is complicated by their low solubility in aqueous environments and distinctive structural characteristics, necessitating a suitable native-like environment for molecular analysis. Nanodisc technology has revolutionized this field, providing biochemists with a powerful tool to stabilize membrane proteins and significantly enhance their research possibilities.

Pan-cancer analysis shows that TNFSF4 is a potential prognostic and immunotherapeutic biomarker for multiple cancer types including liver cancer.

Background: As a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 4 (TNFSF4) is expressed on antigen-presenting cells and activated T cells by binding to its receptor TNFRSF4. However, tumorigenicity of TNFSF4 has not been studied in pan-cancer. Therefore, comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of pan-cancer was performed to determine the mechanisms through which TNFSF4 regulates tumorigenesis.

Multidimensional free shape-morphing flexible neuromorphic devices with regulation at arbitrary points.

Biological neural systems seamlessly integrate perception and action, a feat not efficiently replicated in current physically separated designs of neural-imitating electronics. This segregation hinders coordination and functionality within the neuromorphic system. Here, we present a flexible device tailored for neuromorphic computation and muscle actuation.

Enantioselective construction of silicon-stereogenic vinylsilanes from simple alkenes.

The diverse utility of acyclic vinylsilanes has driven the interest in the synthesis of enantioenriched vinylsilanes bearing a Si-stereogenic center. However, the predominant approaches for catalytic asymmetric generation of Si-stereogenic vinylsilanes have mainly relied on transition metal-catalyzed reactions of alkynes with different silicon sources. Here we successfully realize the enantioselective synthesis of linear silicon-stereogenic vinylsilanes with good yields and enantiomeric ratios from simple alkenes under rhodium catalysis.

Hydrochemical fingerprints and health risk assessment of groundwater contamination in the Bohai Sea region, China.

Seawater intrusion and human activities have significantly impacted coastal groundwater quality in many regions worldwide. This study systematically assessed groundwater chemistry, its suitability for drinking and irrigation (sample size, n = 3034), and exposure risks (n = 2863) across three key sub-regions of the Bohai Sea area: Bohai Bay, Liaodong Bay, and Laizhou Bay. Significant seasonal variations observed in groundwater chemistry at different depths in Bohai Bay region, with severe contamination from salinity-alkalinity and nitrogen-fluoride.

Oral iron sulfide prevents acute alcohol intoxication by initiating the endogenous multienzymatic antioxidant defense system.

Acute alcohol intoxication could cause multiorgan damage, including nervous, digestive, and cardiovascular systems, and in particular, irreversible damage to the brain and liver. Emerging studies have revealed that the endogenous multienzymatic antioxidant defense system (MEAODS) plays a central role in preventing oxidative stress and other toxicological compounds produced by alcohol. However, few available drugs could quickly regulate MEAODS.

Bioceramics for Guided Bone Regeneration: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: To compare the clinical effectiveness of a novel bioceramic (BC) with a control xenograft (BO) for guided bone regeneration (GBR) performed simultaneously with implant placement.

Materials And Methods: This clinical study enrolled patients with insufficient bone volume who required GBR during implant placement to increase bone width using either BC or BO. Outcome measures included a dimensional reduction in buccal bone thickness measured by cone beam computed tomography performed immediately post-surgery and at 6 months postoperatively (ΔHBBT), soft tissue healing at 14 days, 1 month, and 6 months postoperatively, and complications rates.

Protocol for evaluating humoral immune responses in mice following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Binding and neutralizing antibodies are critical indicators of protection against viral pathogens and are essential for assessing the immunogenicity and efficacy of a vaccine. Here, we present a protocol comprising two assays for measuring the spike-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies in mouse plasma following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination. We describe steps for determining binding antibody titers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and assessing neutralizing antibody titers through a pseudovirus neutralization assay.

Targeting CD45 by gene-edited CAR T cells for leukemia eradication and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation preconditioning.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is widely used to treat patients with life-threatening hematologic and immune system disorders. Current nontargeted chemo-/radiotherapy conditioning regimens cause tissue injury and induce an array of immediate and delayed adverse effects, limiting the application of this life-saving treatment. The growing demand to replace canonical conditioning regimens has led to the development of alternative approaches, such as antibody-drug conjugates, naked antibodies, and CAR T cells.

Multifocality increases the risk of central compartment lymph node metastasis but is not related to the risk of recurrence and death in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Multifocality is a distinctive feature of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC); however, the biological behavior of PTC and its optimal management strategy remain unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical features and prognostic differences of multifocal papillary carcinoma and to guide the precise treatment of multifocal papillary carcinoma.

Methods: The medical records of 1,139 patients with PTC who had undergone total or hemi-thyroidectomy between April and October 2013 at the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were reviewed.

2D MXenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications in Silicon-Based Optoelectronic Devices.

MXenes, a rapidly emerging class of 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, have attracted significant attention for their outstanding properties, including high electrical conductivity, tunable work function, and solution processability. These characteristics have made MXenes highly versatile and widely adopted in the next generation of optoelectronic devices, such as perovskite and organic solar cells. However, their integration into silicon-based optoelectronic devices remains relatively underexplored, despite silicon's dominance in the semiconductor industry.