A high-resolution 3D radiochromic hydrogel photonic crystal dosimeter for clinical radiotherapy.

The precise, rapid and direct visualization of 3D topographical dose in the target tissue that is crucial for effective radiation therapy remains a challenge. Herein, by combining hydrogel photonic crystals with film stacking or 3D printing, a 3D radiochromic dosimeter with a dose sensitivity of up to 10 nm Gy, a spatial resolution <50 μm, and the ability to detect complex 3D topographical dose distribution was proposed for clinical radiation dose verification. The sensitivity and response range of the dosimeter by radiation-induced polymer cross-linking and consequent Bragg wavelength shift can be tuned the solid content and extent of acrylate modification.

3D complex dispersion curves and attenuation characteristics based on Drude-Lorentz oscillators for Lamb wave in various metal-piezoelectric composites.

Given that many micro-nano piezoelectric acoustic devices operate at very high frequencies, the dissipation caused by metal electrodes significantly affects their performance (e.g., quality factor), but these dissipation characteristics cannot be explained by conductivity at high frequencies.

Anion-Tuned Fluorinated Solvation Sheath Enables Stable Lithium Metal Batteries.

Continuous side reactions between conventional carbonate-based electrolytes and electrodes lead to electrolyte consumption and the growth of lithium dendrites, which always lead to serious capacity fading or safety issues, hindering the development of lithium metal batteries. Here, a nonflammable all-fluorinated electrolyte with the anion-participating Li solvation sheath is developed and the corresponding electrochemical properties are studied. Combining theoretical calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl carbonate (ETFEC) and methyl difluoroacetate (MDFA) as cosolvents in the all-fluorinated electrolyte, PF anions accumulate on the lithium metal anode and preferentially reduced to obtain a LiF-rich solid electrolyte layer, inducing uniform lithium metal deposition.

Unveiling the bidirectional link between electric vehicle sales and charging infrastructure: Evidence from 95 cities in China.

Constructing electric vehicle charging piles (EVCPs) is crucial for promoting electric vehicle (EV) sales. Yet, empirical evidence on the bidirectional relationship between EV sales and public EVCPs is limited, with most related works relying on simulations. We empirically investigate this relationship using panel vector autoregression (PVAR) across 95 Chinese cities from 2018 to 2022.

Controllable Structure Design of an Organic Gel-Infused Porous Surface for Efficient Anti- and De-icing.

Icing causes many problems in daily life and with equipment stability, and many efforts have been made to remove surface icing. Herein, a novel organic gel-infused porous material is developed to achieve excellent de-icing performance. Porous polydimethylsiloxane (P-PDMS) composites with different pore sizes were prepared by a template method.

High-Efficiency Enrichment of Metallic Particles in Lubricating Oil Based on Filter-Free Acoustic Manipulation Chip.

Enrichment of metal particles in lubricating oil is a crucial pretreatment for wear debris analyses in applications of condition-based machinery maintenance. Current techniques using physical filter cleaning and magnetic attachment to enrich metal particles have limitations in terms of efficiency and selectivity. This work presents an innovative acoustic manipulation chip for efficiently enriching metallic particles from lubricating oil.

Flexible pressure sensor with metallic reinforcement and graphene nanowalls for wearable electronics device.

In recent years, flexible pressure sensors have been seen widespread adoption in various fields such as electronic skin, smart wearables, and human-computer interaction systems. Owing to the electrical conductivity and adaptability to flexible substrates, vertical graphene nanowalls (VGNs) have recently been recognized as promising materials for pressure-sensing applications. Our study presented the synthesis of high-quality VGNs via plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and the incorporation of a metal layer by electron beam evaporation, forming a stacked structure of VGNs/Metal/VGNs.

Cortico-muscular coherence of time-frequency and spatial characteristics under movement observation, movement execution, and movement imagery.

Studies show that movement observation (MO), movement imagery (MI), or movement execution (ME) based brain-computer interface systems are promising in promoting the rehabilitation and reorganization of damaged motor function. This study was aimed to explore and compare the motor function rehabilitation mechanism among MO, MI, and ME. 64-channel electroencephalogram and 4-channel electromyogram data were collected from 39 healthy participants (25 males, 14 females; 18-23 years old) during MO, ME, and MI.

Application research on nonlinear partitioned analysis of soil-structure interaction method of seismic response for seawater-seabed-structure.

The analysis of seismic response in marine engineering structures is pivotal for guaranteeing their seismic safety. Such analyses are intricate due to the complexity of fluid-structure and soil-structure interactions. This paper introduces a unified computational framework for wave motion within a water-saturated seabed-bedrock system, employing the Davidenkov model and a modified Massing rule to characterize the nonlinear properties of the saturated seabed.

Electron Transport and Ion Diffusion in Hydrogen-Bonded Interlayer Cross-Linked Graphene/MXene for Wearable Micro-Sensors.

2D graphene and MXene have attracted much attention in the field of energy storage devices and wearable sensors due to their excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. However, the capacitance of their composites is limited by low electron transport and sluggish ion diffusion due to the lack of electron transport and ion diffusion channels between stacked interlayers. Herein, this work reports the possibility of using disodium terephthalate as an auxiliary conductive bridge to cross-link the interlayer interaction between graphene and MXene from theoretical analysis and experimental verification.

Static and Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity in Parkinson's Disease Patients With Postural Instability and Gait Disorder.

Aims: The exact cause of the parkinsonism gait remains uncertain. We first focus on understanding the underlying neurological reasons for these symptoms through the examination of both static functional network connectivity (SFNC) and dynamic functional network connectivity (DFNC).

Methods: We recruited 64 postural instability and gait disorder-dominated Parkinson's disease (PIGD-PD) patients, 31 non-PIGD-PD (nPIGD-PD) patients, and 54 healthy controls (HC) from Nanjing Brain Hospital.

Enhanced Fatigue Crack Detection in Complex Structure with Large Cutout Using Nonlinear Lamb Wave.

The large cutout structure is a key component in the bottom skin of an airplane wing, and is susceptible to developing fatigue cracks under service loads. Early fatigue crack detection is crucial to ensure structural safety and reduce maintenance costs. Nonlinear Lamb wave techniques show significant potential in microcrack monitoring.

In Situ Multiphysical Metrology for Photonic Wire Bonding by Two-Photon Polymerization.

Femtosecond laser two-photon polymerization (TPP) technology, known for its high precision and its ability to fabricate arbitrary 3D structures, has been widely applied in the production of various micro/nano optical devices, achieving significant advancements, particularly in the field of photonic wire bonding (PWB) for optical interconnects. Currently, research on optimizing both the optical loss and production reliability of polymeric photonic wires is still in its early stages. One of the key challenges is that inadequate metrology methods cannot meet the demand for multiphysical measurements in practical scenarios.

Investigation of Arc Stability in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of 2319 Aluminum Alloy.

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technology, known for its low equipment and material costs, high material utilization, and high production efficiency, has found extensive applications in the fabrication of key components for the aerospace and aviation industries. The stability of the arc is crucial for the WAAM process as it directly affects the forming of the parts. In this study, the monitoring data of electrical signals and arc morphology during the WAAM process of 2319 aluminum alloy were investigated using a high-speed camera system and current/voltage acquisition system.

A numerical evaluation of real-time workloads for ramp controller through optimization of multi-type feature combinations derived from eye tracker, respiratory, and fatigue patterns.

Ramp controllers are required to manage their workloads effectively while handling complex operational tasks, a crucial part of improving aviation safety. The ability to detect their instantaneous workload is vital for ensuring operational effectiveness and preventing hazardous incidents. This paper introduces a novel methodology aimed at enhancing the evaluation of the ramp controller's cumulative workload by incorporating and optimizing the feature combination from eye movement, respiratory, and fatigue characteristics.

Dual-Steric Hindrance Modulation of Interface Electrochemistry for Potassium-Ion Batteries.

Electrolyte chemistry regulation is a feasible and effective approach to achieving a stable electrode-electrolyte interface. How to realize such regulation and establish the relationship between the liquid-phase electrolyte environment and solid-phase electrode remains a significant challenge, especially in solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) for metal-ion batteries. In this work, solvent/anion steric hindrance is regarded as an essential factor in exploring the electrolyte chemistry regulation on forming ether-based K-dominated SEI interface through the cross-combination strategy.

Interbasin trade worsens the state of freshwater fish biodiversity in China.

Human economic activities severely threaten freshwater fish biodiversity in different river basins. Trade makes the impact more mysterious and complex and confounds local efforts to protect freshwater biodiversity. To investigate the relationship between trade and freshwater fishes, we developed a river-basin economic transaction model that is applied to mainland China, home to 9% of the world's freshwater fish species.

Inverse stochastic resonance in adaptive small-world neural networks.

Inverse stochastic resonance (ISR) is a counterintuitive phenomenon where noise reduces the oscillation frequency of an oscillator to a minimum occurring at an intermediate noise intensity, and sometimes even to the complete absence of oscillations. In neuroscience, ISR was first experimentally verified with cerebellar Purkinje neurons [Buchin et al., PLOS Comput.

The Anti/Deicing Performance of the Low Interfacial Toughness Coating Is Enhanced: Induced Ice Crack Generation and Its Extension.

The low interfacial toughness of the material surface is important for crack initiation and expansion of the ice layer as it remains an effective method for large-scale deicing. However, there are challenges, such as a large critical icing size and incomplete shedding of the ice layer. Adjusting the interfacial forces to make the ice more prone to cracking, expanding, and shedding is advantageous in addressing the problem of anti-icing failure in materials with low interfacial toughness.

Superscattering of light: fundamentals and applications.

Superscattering, theoretically predicted in 2010 and experimentally observed in 2019, is an exotic scattering phenomenon of light from subwavelength nanostructures. In principle, superscattering allows for an arbitrarily large total scattering cross section, due to the degenerate resonance of eigenmodes or channels. Consequently, the total scattering cross section of a superscatterer can be significantly enhanced, far exceeding the so-called single-channel limit.

Gradient-Wettable Multiwedge Patterned Surface for Effective Transport of Droplets against the Temperature Gradient.

With the rapid advancement of electronic integration technology, the requirements for the working environment and stability of the heat dissipation equipment have become increasingly stringent. Consequently, studying a high-efficiency gas-liquid two-phase heat transfer surface holds significant importance. Aiming at the limited liquid transport performance caused by the temperature gradient in the heat transfer process, this paper combines the wetting gradient with the shape gradient and proposes a gradient-wettable multiwedge patterned surface, where droplets can be transported over long distances and at high velocities.