Wnt signalling facilitates neuronal differentiation of cochlear Frizzled10-positive cells in mouse cochlea via glypican 6 modulation.

Degeneration of cochlear spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) leads to irreversible sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), as SGNs lack regenerative capacity. Although cochlear glial cells (GCs) have some neuronal differentiation potential, their specific identities remain unclear. This study identifies a distinct subpopulation, Frizzled10 positive (FZD10+) cells, as an important type of GC responsible for neuronal differentiation in mouse cochlea.

Monocytes serve as Shiga toxin carriers during the development of hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Shiga toxin (Stx)-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) poses a life-threatening complication for which a definitive treatment remains elusive. To exert its cytotoxic effect on renal cells, Stx must be delivered from the infected intestines to the kidney. However, the mechanism underlying Stx delivery remains unclear.

Identification of ubiquitination-related key biomarkers and immune infiltration in Crohn's disease by bioinformatics analysis and machine learning.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with an unknown etiology. Ubiquitination plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of CD. This study aimed to explore the functional roles of ubiquitination-related genes in CD.

Multimodal machine learning enables AI chatbot to diagnose ophthalmic diseases and provide high-quality medical responses.

Chatbot-based multimodal AI holds promise for collecting medical histories and diagnosing ophthalmic diseases using textual and imaging data. This study developed and evaluated the ChatGPT-powered Intelligent Ophthalmic Multimodal Interactive Diagnostic System (IOMIDS) to enable patient self-diagnosis and self-triage. IOMIDS included a text model and three multimodal models (text + slit-lamp, text + smartphone, text + slit-lamp + smartphone).

Targeting glycolytic reprogramming by tsRNA-0032 for treating pathological lymphangiogenesis.

Lymphangiogenesis is vital for tissue fluid homeostasis, immune function, and lipid absorption. Abnormal lymphangiogenesis has been implicated in several diseases such as cancers, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we elucidate the role of tsRNA-0032 in lymphangiogenesis and its molecular mechanism.

METTL5 Promotes Tumor Progression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Activating the Myc Pathway.

Background: It has been observed that methyltransferases-like 5 (METTL5) is a key mediator underlying tumorigenesis in humans. This study aimed to investigate the biological function, expression pattern, and clinical significance of METTL5 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: Bioinformatics interrogations and immunohistochemical staining were utilized for determining the expression and localization of METTL5 in OSCC, and revealing the relationship between the expression of METTL5 and prognosis.

Gastric cancer mesenchymal stem cells upregulate PD-1 expression on the CD8 T cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Gastric cancer mesenchymal stem cells (GC-MSCs) are a crucial component of the gastric cancer microenvironment, exerting a pivotal influence on the formation of a suppressive immune microenvironment and the progression of gastric cancer. In this study, we utilized GC-MSCs to co-culture peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from both gastric cancer patients and healthy individuals in a proportionate manner by direct cell-to-cell contact. Our findings reveal that co-culture of GC-MSCs with PBMCs led to a notable reduction in CD8 T cells percentages and an increase in surface PD-1 expression levels on CD8 T cells.

Clinical characteristics and cause analysis of false-positive results in treponemal testing among patients.

Background: Currently, there is a dearth of systematic research data on the phenomenon of false-positive reactions in treponemal tests. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics and influencing factors associated with false-positive treponemal tests in patients, so as to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of syphilis and mitigate misdiagnosis-induced incorrect treatment.

Methods: From January 2017 to December 2023, a total of 759 cases with false-positive results for treponema were screened for blood transfusion, surgery, or other medical interventions at Jinling hospital.

The Diagnostic Value of Plasma NETs Levels and iCEB in Silent Myocardial Ischemia in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients.

Objective: This study evaluated the diagnostic value of plasma Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) levels and the index of cardiac electrophysiological balance (iCEB) in identifying silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study involved patients receiving MHD treatment. Data were collected on coronary angiography performed in our hospital from February 2023 to February 2024.

Endothelial injury is one of the risk factors for the progression of vascular calcification in patients receiving maintenance dialysis.

Background: Vascular calcification is common and progressive in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, the risk factors associated with the progression of vascular calcification in patients receiving maintenance dialysis have not been fully elucidated. Here, we aimed to evaluate vascular calcification and identify the factors associated with its progression in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis.

Hybrid technique and total arch replacement combined with frozen elephant trunk in acute aortic dissection involving the aortic arch: a multi-center propensity-matched cohort study.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the hybrid technique yields superior outcomes in comparison with the total arch replacement combined with frozen elephant trunk (TAR + FET) for acute aortic dissection (AAD) involving the aortic arch.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study using propensity-score matching included patients with AAD involving the aortic arch admitted to Nanjing First Hospital and Shanghai General Hospital from January 2015 to June 2020. The in-hospital and mid-term outcomes were compared between patients who received hybrid treatment (n = 136) and those who received TAR + FET (n = 415).

[Predictive model for ejection fraction improvement at one year in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction].

To develop a predictive model for improvement of ejection fraction 1 year after heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) following acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This nested case-control study included STEMI patients diagnosed with HFrEF from a prospective multicenter multimodality imaging cohort between August 2014 and March 2021. Based on the improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at baseline and 1-year follow-up, the patients were classified into the heart failure with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF) group and the persistent HFrEF group.

N-glycosylation of ephrin B1 modulates its function and confers therapeutic potential in B-cell lymphoma.

Given the pivotal role of the Eph-Ephrin signaling pathway in tumor progression, agonists or antagonists targeting Eph/Ephrin have emerged as promising anticancer strategies. However, the implications of glycosylation modifications within Eph/Ephrin and their targeted protein therapeutics remain elusive. Here, we identify that N-glycosylation within the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of ephrin B1 (EFNB1) is indispensable for its functional repertoire.

Endogenous peptide CBDP1 inhibits clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by targeting USP5/YTHDF2/TRPM5 axis.

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has a high incidence rate and poor prognosis, and currently lacks effective therapies. Recently, peptide-based drugs have shown promise in cancer treatment. In this research, a new endogenous peptide called CBDP1 was discovered in ccRCC and its potential anti-cancer properties were examined.

Diversity-oriented synthesis of stereodefined tetrasubstituted alkenes via a modular alkyne gem-addition strategy.

Stereocontrolled construction of tetrasubstituted olefins has been an attractive issue yet remains challenging for synthetic chemists. In this manuscript, alkynyl selenides, when treated with ArBCl, are subject to an exclusive 1,1-carboboration, affording tetrasubstituted alkenes with excellent levels of E-selectivity. Detailed mechanistic studies, supported by DFT calculations, elucidates the role of selenium in this 1,1-addition process.

Functional nanoplatform for modulating cellular forces to enhance antitumor immunity via mechanotransduction.

Immune cells are sensitive to the perception of mechanical stimuli in the tumor microenvironment. Changes in biophysical cues within tumor tissue can alter the force-sensing mechanisms experienced by cells. Mechanical stimuli within the extracellular matrix are transformed into biochemical signals through mechanotransduction.

tiRNA-Gln-CTG is Involved in the Regulation of Trophoblast Cell Function in Pre-eclampsia and Serves as a Potent Biomarker.

Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a gestational disorder that significantly endangers maternal and fetal health. Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are important in the progression and diagnosis of various diseases. However, their role in the development of PE is unclear.

Senegalin-2: A Novel Hexadecapeptide from with Antibacterial and Muscle Relaxant Activities, and Its Derivative Senegalin-2BK as a Bradykinin Antagonist.

The amphibian skin secretions are excellent sources of bioactive peptides, some of which and their derivatives exhibit multiple properties, including antibacterial and antagonism against bradykinin. A novel peptide Senegalin-2 was isolated from the skin secretions of frog. Senegalin-2 relaxed rat bladder smooth muscle (EC 17.

SORL1-Mediated EGFR and FGFR4 Regulation Enhances Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer.

Recurrent tumors that are resistant to conventional chemotherapy are a major challenge of ovarian cancer treatment. A better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance is critical for developing more effective targeted therapies for ovarian cancer. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of thirteen pairs of matching primary and recurrent ovarian cancers to identify genes that were upregulated in the recurrent tumors.

Structural basis of FpGalNase and its combination with FpGalNAcDeAc for efficient A-to-O blood group conversion.

Transfusion safety and blood typing continue to present significant challenges in clinical practice, including risks of incorrect blood transfusions and blood shortages. One promising solution is the enzymatic conversion of all red blood cell (RBC) types into universal O-type RBCs. However, the major obstacle to this strategy is the relatively low catalytic efficiency of the enzymes involved.

Fecal microbiota transplantation: transitioning from chaos and controversial realm to scientific precision era.

With the popularization of modern lifestyles, the spectrum of intestinal diseases has become increasingly diverse, presenting significant challenges in its management. Traditional pharmaceutical interventions have struggled to keep pace with these changes, leaving many patients refractory to conventional pharmaceutical treatments. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for enterogenic diseases.

Tiam1 Mediated Enhancement of AKT/mTOR and ERK/STAT3 Signaling Promotes Proliferation, Invasion and Migration of Pancreatic Cancer.

Objective: To explore the role of Tiam1 in proliferation, invasion, and migration of pancreatic cancer.

Significance: Previous studies have shown that T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing factor 1 (Tiam1) is involved in multiple tumor progression. However, the role and molecular mechanism of this molecule in pancreatic cancer remain unclear.

Hepatocellular CMPK2 promotes the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

Background & Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), a progressive subtype of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), has limited pharmacological treatment options. Therefore, we aimed to identify novel therapeutic targets.

Methods: The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and human liver tissues obtained from patients with MASH were used to identify differentially expressed genes in MASH.

Sand and dust storms: a growing global health threat calls for international health studies to support policy action.

Sand and dust storms increasingly threaten global environmental and public health. To date, 150 countries are directly affected, with more than 100 classified as non-dust source regions. With climate change, these storms are expected to become more frequent and severe.

Development of novel epoxyketone macrocyclic peptidyl proteasome inhibitors through OPA-mediated one-step cyclization of unprotected peptides.

Cyclization is a pivotal strategy for enhancing the drug-like characteristics of polypeptides. To develop potent and metabolically stable proteasome inhibitors, we generated a macrocyclic peptide skeleton using a straightforward and efficient cyclization strategy. Subsequent stability assessments confirmed the practicality of this approach.