Deep Learning for Lumbar Disc Herniation Diagnosis and Treatment Decision Making Using MRI Images: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common cause of back and leg pain. Diagnosis relies on clinical history, physical exam, and imaging, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being an important reference standard. While artificial intelligence (AI) has been explored for MRI image recognition in LDH, existing methods often focus solely on disc herniation presence.

Virtual biopsy for non-invasive identification of follicular lymphoma histologic transformation using radiomics-based imaging biomarker from PET/CT.

Background: This study aimed to construct a radiomics-based imaging biomarker for the non-invasive identification of transformed follicular lymphoma (t-FL) using PET/CT images.

Methods: A total of 784 follicular lymphoma (FL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and t-FL patients from 5 independent medical centers were included. The unsupervised EMFusion method was applied to fuse PET and CT images.

Division of the inferior pulmonary ligament during upper lobectomy does not improve postoperative pulmonary function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials.

Background: Some surgeons routinely divide the inferior pulmonary ligament (IPL) during upper lobectomy. Nevertheless, the evidence remains inconclusive regarding whether dividing the IPL improves the postoperative pulmonary. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of inferior pulmonary ligament division (IPLD) during upper lobectomy.

Monocytes serve as Shiga toxin carriers during the development of hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Shiga toxin (Stx)-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) poses a life-threatening complication for which a definitive treatment remains elusive. To exert its cytotoxic effect on renal cells, Stx must be delivered from the infected intestines to the kidney. However, the mechanism underlying Stx delivery remains unclear.

Developing predictive nomogram models using quantitative electroencephalography for brain function in type a aortic dissection: a prospective observational study.

Background: Type A aortic dissection (TAAD) remains a significant challenge in cardiac surgery, presenting high risks of adverse outcomes such as permanent neurological dysfunction and mortality despite advances in medical technology and surgical techniques. This study investigates the use of quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) to monitor and predict neurological outcomes during the perioperative period in TAAD patients.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the hospital, involving patients undergoing TAAD surgery from February 2022 to January 2023.

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Multidrug-Resistant Complex Bacteremia in a Chinese Tertiary Hospital: A Decade Review (2013-2022).

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the antimicrobial resistance profiles, clinical characteristics and risk factors of bacteremia caused by complex (ECC) strains.

Methods: We retrospectively collected clinical data from patients diagnosed with ECC bacteremia between 2013 and 2022 in a tertiary hospital in Jiangsu. Subgroup analyses were performed based on multidrug resistance (MDR), nosocomial acquisition, polymicrobial bacteremia, and mortality.

Clinical Predictors of Aspirin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Aspirin treatment is recommended as a secondary prevention strategy and could be a potential primary prevention strategy for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, aspirin resistance is notably common among diabetic patients, compromising the efficacy of aspirin treatment. Hence, our study sought to assess the clinical predictors of aspirin resistance (AR) in T2DM patients.

Prediction of microvascular obstruction from angio-based microvascular resistance and available clinical data in percutaneous coronary intervention: an explainable machine learning model.

Angio-based microvascular resistance (AMR) as a potential alternative to the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) and its relationship with microvascular obstruction (MVO) and other cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters still lacks comprehensive validation. This study aimed to validate the correlation between AMR and CMR-derived parameters and to construct an interpretable machine learning (ML) model, incorporating AMR and clinical data, to forecast MVO in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). We enrolled 452 STEMI patients from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between 2018 and 2022, who received both PPCI and CMR.

Semaphorin 3s signaling in the central nervous system: Mechanisms and therapeutic implication for brain diseases.

Class 3 semaphorins (Sema3s), identified as secreted soluble proteins, present many therapeutic potentials. Recent evidence has suggested that Sema3s as molecular cue participate in neuroregulation, angiogenesis, and microenvironment homeostasis of the central nervous system. Moreover, Sema3s signaling pathways may be targeted for enhancing neural network connectivity, promoting neural regeneration and repair, and inhibiting pathological angiogenesis.

Efficacy and safety of JMT103 in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors: A randomized Phase Ib clinical trial.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of three dosing regimens of JMT103 in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive JMT103 subcutaneously, 120 mg every 4 weeks (Cohort 1), 120 mg every 8 weeks (Cohort 2), or 180 mg every 8 weeks (Cohort 3) for up to 49 weeks. The primary endpoint was change from baseline to Week 13 in creatinine-adjusted urinary N-telopeptide (uNTx/Cr).

Population pharmacokinetics and dosing optimization of imipenem in Chinese elderly patients.

Objectives: To assess the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of imipenem in a retrospective cohort of hospitalized Chinese older patients.

Methods: A population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model was constructed utilizing a nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach. The final model underwent evaluation through bootstrap resampling and visual predictive checks.

Deciphering the Differences Between Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated and Negative Gastric Cancer in the Prospect of CDKN2A Genomic Alterations and Lymphoid Infiltration.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a major health concern worldwide. One important contributing factor is the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). However, the molecular pattern of how EBV participates in the malignant transition process remains unclear.

Targeting IGF1 to alleviate obesity through regulating energy expenditure and fat deposition.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a regulator of both cellular hypertrophy and lipogenesis, which are two key processes for pathogenesis of obesity. However, the in vivo role of IGF1 in the development of obesity remains unclear. Here, we show that IGF1 expression is increased in adipose tissue in obese human patients and animal models.

Targeting MAPK14 by Lobeline Upregulates Slurp1-Mediated Inhibition of Alternative Activation of TAM and Retards Colorectal Cancer Growth.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) usually creates an immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby hindering immunotherapy response. Effective treatment options remain elusive. Using scRNA-seq analysis in a tumor-bearing murine model, it is found that lobeline, an alkaloid from the herbal medicine lobelia, promotes polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) toward M1-like TAMs while inhibiting their polarization toward M2-like TAMs.

CRISPR/Cas13a-Enhanced Porous Hydrogel Encapsulated Photonic Barcodes for Multiplexed Detection of Virus.

In this study, we present an ultrasensitive and specific multiplexed detection method for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza (Flu) utilizing CRISPR/Cas13a technology combined with a hydrogel-encapsulated photonic crystal (PhC) barcode integrated with hybridization chain reaction (HCR). The barcodes, characterized by core-shell structures, are fabricated through partial replication of periodically ordered hexagonally close-packed silicon dioxide beads. Consequently, the opal hydrogel shell of these barcodes features abundant interconnected pores that provide a substantial surface area for probe immobilization.

Multiplex immunohistochemistry to explore the tumor immune microenvironment in HCC patients with different GPC3 expression.

Objectives: GPC3 has been recognized as a promising target for immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the GPC3-targeted immunotherapies have shown limited therapeutic efficacy. The use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies in HCC treatment is considerably constrained.

Impact of intravenous antihypertensive therapy on cerebral blood flow and neurocognition: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Intravenous antihypertensivedrugs are commonly used in acute care settings, yet their impact on cerebral blood flow (CBF) remains uncertain.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 50 studies evaluated the effects of commonly used i.v.

Corrigendum: Ginkgolide C alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammatory injury via inhibition of CD40-NF-κB pathway.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.

Clinical Outcome of Achilles Tendon Rupture Repaired by a Modified Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Suturing.

Purpose: Minimally invasive percutaneous techniques offer a promising alternative to open surgical repair of the Achilles tendon. However, the possibilities of recurrent rupture and nerve complications remain. Hence, the present study was conducted to describe a modified repair technique for the Achilles tendon able to overcome these limitations.

Burden trends and future predictions for hypertensive heart disease attributable to non-optimal temperatures in the older adults amidst climate change, 1990-2021.

Background: Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) is a significant form of end-organ damage caused by hypertension, with profound impacts on global health and quality of life. Temperature anomalies driven by climate change, particularly extremes of heat and cold, are increasingly recognized as major contributors to the cardiovascular disease burden, notably impacting HHD. However, the specific spatiotemporal trends and gender-based differences in the burden of non-optimal temperatures on older adults HHD patients remain insufficiently explored.

Construction of feature selection and efficacy prediction model for transformation therapy of locally advanced pancreatic cancer based on CT, F-FDG PET/CT, DNA mutation, and CA199.

Background: Immunotherapy and radiotherapy play crucial roles in the transformation therapy of locally advanced pancreatic cancer; however, the exploration of effective predictive biomarkers has been unsatisfactory. With the rapid development of radiomics, next-generation sequencing, and machine learning, there is hope to identify biomarkers that can predict the efficacy of transformative treatment for locally advanced pancreatic cancer through simple and non-invasive clinical methods. Our study focuses on using computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), gene mutations, and baseline carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) to identify biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of transformative treatment.