Dynamic spectrum-driven hierarchical learning network for polyp segmentation.

Accurate automatic polyp segmentation in colonoscopy is crucial for the prompt prevention of colorectal cancer. However, the heterogeneous nature of polyps and differences in lighting and visibility conditions present significant challenges in achieving reliable and consistent segmentation across different cases. Therefore, this study proposes a novel dynamic spectrum-driven hierarchical learning model (DSHNet), the first to specifically leverage image frequency domain information to explore region-level salience differences among and within polyps for precise segmentation.

Clarification of the biosynthetic gene cluster involved in the antifungal prodrug echinocandin B and its robust production in engineered Aspergillus pachycristatus.

Echinocandin antifungals exhibit high efficacy against drug-resistant strains due to their unique mechanism of action. The production of their semi-synthetic precursors relies solely on microbial metabolism, leading to elevated production costs. Anidulafungin, an excellent echinocandin drug, is derived from echinocandin B (ECB), which is industrially produced by Aspergillus pachycristatus.

Association of the Revised Cardiac Risk Index with 1-year postoperative mortality: A single-center retrospective study.

Objective: To explore risk factors for 1-year postoperative mortality and to identify its association with the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study involving 54,933 patients aged 18 years and above who were surgically treated under general or regional anesthesia in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Independent risk factors for 1-year postoperative mortality were identified by univariate Cox regression analysis.

Incidence and Risk Factors for Nonreversal of Stoma in Patients With Crohn's Disease: A Single-Center Study.

Background: Even in the biological era, permanent stoma is not uncommon in patients with Crohn's Disease.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of permanent stoma in Crohn's disease patients and provide clinical evidence for reducing this disabling outcome.

Design: Consecutive patients with Crohn's disease who underwent ostomies in the past decade were reviewed.

Fructose-Modified Chitosan/Gelatin 3D Composite Sponge for Enhanced Rapid Hemostasis.

Managing uncontrolled and noncompressible bleeding presents a major challenge in emergency trauma care. Methods to halt bleeding quickly and efficiently, without applying direct pressure on the wound, have become a key focus of research. Herein, a novel fructose-modified chitosan/gelatin composite sponge has been developed, exhibiting high elasticity, low rebound pressure, and excellent cell compatibility.

N-acetyl-tryptophan in Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery.

Background: Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury is a common serious complication after cardiac surgery. Currently, there are no specific pharmacological therapies. Our understanding of its pathophysiology remains preliminary.

Complement C3 of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles promotes metastasis of RCC via recruitment of immunosuppressive myeloid cells.

Heterogeneous roles of complement C3 have been implicated in tumor metastasis and are highly context dependent. However, the underlying mechanisms linking C3 to tumor metastasis remain elusive in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, we demonstrate that C3 of RCC cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) contributes to metastasis via polarizing tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into the immunosuppressive phenotype and recruiting polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs).

Multi-omics analysis and experimental verification reveal testicular fatty acid metabolism disorder in non-obstructive azoospermia.

Increasing evidence implicates disruptions in testicular fatty acid metabolism as a contributing factor in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), a severe form of male infertility. However, the precise mechanisms linking fatty acid metabolism to NOA pathogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated. Multi-omics analyses, including microarray analysis, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and metabolomics, were utilized to investigate disruptions in fatty acid metabolism associated with NOA using data from public databases.

DNA2 knockout aggravates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing postsynaptic Homer1a.

DNA2, a multifunctional enzyme with structure-specific nuclease, 5 -to-3 helicase, and DNA-dependent ATPase activities, plays a pivotal role in the cellular response to DNA damage. However, its involvement in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains to be elucidated. This study investigated the involvement of DNA2 in cerebral I/R injury using conditional knockout (cKO) mice ( -Cre) subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), an established model of cerebral I/R.

NEDD4-Mediated GSNOR Degradation Aggravates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Dysfunction.

Background: The decrease in S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) leads to an elevation of S-nitrosylation, thereby exacerbating the progression of cardiomyopathy in response to hemodynamic stress. However, the mechanisms under GSNOR decrease remain unclear. Here, we identify NEDD4 (neuronal precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 4) as a novel molecule that plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, by modulating GSNOR levels, thereby demonstrating significant therapeutic potential.

CardiacField: computational echocardiography for automated heart function estimation using two-dimensional echocardiography probes.

Aims: Accurate heart function estimation is vital for detecting and monitoring cardiovascular diseases. While two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) is widely accessible and used, it requires specialized training, is prone to inter-observer variability, and lacks comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) information. We introduce CardiacField, a computational echocardiography system using a 2DE probe for precise, automated left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction (EF) estimations, which is especially easy to use for non-cardiovascular healthcare practitioners.

Pseudoprogression in CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumor: Case report.

We reported the pseudoprogression in an elderly patient with advanced gastric cancer after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. The hepatic metastases enlarged 1 month after CAR-T cell infusion and then shrunk the next month as seen through computed tomography scanning. Based on a comprehensive evaluation that includes imaging, pathology, serum tumor markers, and clinical symptoms, we arrived at a diagnosis of pseudoprogression after CAR-T cell therapy, which has not been reported in previous studies.

Comparing the corneal temperature of dry eyes with that of normal eyes via high-resolution infrared thermography.

Purpose: This study compares the corneal temperature in dry eyes with normal eyes via high-resolution infrared thermography.

Methods: A total of 86 participants were enrolled, with 40 and 46 participants in the dry eye disease (DED) and control groups, respectively. All participants underwent non-invasive breakup time (NIBUT) measurement, an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and ocular thermography.

Coexisting patterns and significance of serum HBV RNA and HBV DNA in patients with treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

Aim: The study aimed to explore the coexisting patterns and assess the significance of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA and traditional virological biomarkers in patients with antiviral treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.

Methods: Serum HBV RNA, HBV DNA, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) levels were measured and compared in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The HBV RNA levels were determined using a simultaneous amplification and testing assay.

-Glucan-modified nanoparticles with different particle sizes exhibit different lymphatic targeting efficiencies and adjuvant effects.

Particle size and surface properties are crucial for lymphatic drainage (LN), dendritic cell (DC) uptake, DC maturation, and antigen cross-presentation induced by nanovaccine injection, which lead to an effective cell-mediated immune response. However, the manner in which the particle size and surface properties of vaccine carriers such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) affect this immune response is unknown. We prepared 50, 100, and 200 nm of MSNs that adsorbed ovalbumin antigen (OVA) while modifying -glucan to enhance immunogenicity.

Altered Atlas of Exercise-Responsive MicroRNAs Revealing miR-29a-3p Attacks Armored and Cold Tumors and Boosts Anti-B7-H3 Therapy.

Increasing evidence has shown that physical exercise remarkably inhibits oncogenesis and progression of numerous cancers and exercise-responsive microRNAs (miRNAs) exert a marked role in exercise-mediated tumor suppression. In this research, expression and prognostic values of exercise-responsive miRNAs were examined in breast cancer (BRCA) and further pan-cancer types. In addition, multiple independent public and in-house cohorts, in vitro assays involving multiple, macrophages, fibroblasts, and tumor cells, and in vivo models were utilized to uncover the tumor-suppressive roles of miR-29a-3p in cancers.

Age-related differences of subjective visual vertical perception in adults-a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Background: The perception of Subjective Visual Vertical (SVV) is crucial for postural orientation and significantly reflects an individual's postural control ability, relying on vestibular, visual, and somatic sensory inputs to assess the Earth's gravity line. The neural mechanisms and aging effects on SVV perception, however, remain unclear.

Objective: This study seeks to examine aging-related changes in SVV perception and uncover its neurological underpinnings through functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Dual-drug loaded chondroitin sulfate embolization beads enhance TACE therapy for HCC by integrating embolization, chemotherapy, and anti-angiogenesis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health threat due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), the primary treatment for intermediate-to-advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), commonly utilizes embolic agents loaded with anthracycline-based cytotoxic drugs. Post-TACE, the hypoxic microenvironment in the tumor induced by embolization stimulates the formation of new blood vessels, potentially leading to revascularization and diminishing TACE's efficacy.

Injectable microspheres filled with copper-containing bioactive glass improve articular cartilage healing by regulating inflammation and recruiting stem cells.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a frequent chronic illness in orthopedics that poses a major hazard to patient health. cell therapy is emerging as a therapeutic option, but its efficacy is influenced by both the inflammatory milieu and the amount of stem cells, limiting its use. In this study, we designed a novel injectable porous microsphere (PM) based on microfluidic technology that can support mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy by combining polylactic-glycolic acid copolymer, kartogenin, polydopamine, stromal cell-derived factor-1, and copper-doped bioactive glass (CuBG).

Exploring the Kidney-Brain Crosstalk: Biomarkers for Early Detection of Kidney Injury-Related Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: The phenomenon of "kidney-brain crosstalk" has stimulated scholarly inquiry into the correlations between kidney injury (KI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nonetheless, the precise interactions and shared mechanisms between KI and AD have yet to be fully investigated. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the link between KI and AD, with a specific focus on identifying diagnostic biomarkers for KI-related AD.

A Proteomic Study Based on Home Quarantine Model Identifies NQO1 and Inflammation Pathways Involved in Adenoid Hypertrophy.

Background: Adenoid hypertrophy is a common disorder of childhood, and has an unclear pathogenesis. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant reduction in the incidence of adenoid hypertrophy in children under long-term home quarantine, providing a rare research model to explore the pathogenesis and treatment targets of adenoidal hypertrophy in children.

Methodology: Before and during the home quarantine period, adenoids that underwent surgery were detected using label-free proteomics.

Interpretable machine learning-based prediction of 28-day mortality in ICU patients with sepsis: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Sepsis is a major cause of mortality in intensive care units (ICUs) and continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with sepsis-related deaths contributing substantially to the overall burden on healthcare systems worldwide. The primary objective was to construct and evaluate a machine learning (ML) model for forecasting 28-day all-cause mortality among ICU sepsis patients.

Methods: Data for the study was sourced from the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD) (version 2.

Deciphering the Differences Between Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated and Negative Gastric Cancer in the Prospect of CDKN2A Genomic Alterations and Lymphoid Infiltration.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a major health concern worldwide. One important contributing factor is the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). However, the molecular pattern of how EBV participates in the malignant transition process remains unclear.

Assessing the applicability of the DOAC, HAS-BLED and ORBIT risk scores in Chinese patients on non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants.

Aims: The suitability of the DOAC score for assessing bleeding risk in Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who are receiving non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) remains unclear. We compared the DOAC score to the HAS-BLED and ORBIT scores in Chinese patients in a real-world retrospective study.

Methods: The efficacy of these scores was assessed by a comparison study that measured their discrimination, calibration, net reclassification index (NRI), and decision curve analysis (DCA) over a 1-year follow-up period.