Melatonin protects aged oocytes from depalmitoylation-mediated quality reduction by promoting PPT1 degradation and antioxidation.

Oocyte aging is closely related to a decline in female fertility, accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species levels and changes in protein posttranslational modifications. However, the role of protein palmitoylation in oocyte aging has not been investigated. In the present study, a new association between redox and palmitoylation in aging oocytes was found.

Identification of GBN5 as a molecular biomarker of pan-cancer species by integrated multi-omics analysis.

Introduction: We conducted a panoramic analysis of GBN5 expression and prognosis in 33 cancers, aiming to deepen the systematic understanding of GBN5 in cancer.

Materials And Methods: We employed a multi-omics approach, including transcriptomic, genomic, proteomic, single-cell cytomic, spatial transcriptomic, and genomic data, to explore the prognostic value and potential oncogenic mechanisms of GBN5 across pan-cancers from multiple perspectives.

Results: We found that GBN5 was differentially expressed in multiple tumors and showed early diagnostic value.

Evaluation of drug-drug interaction between rosuvastatin and tacrolimus and the risk of hepatic injury in rats.

Multimorbidity, therapeutic complexity, and polypharmacy, which greatly increases the risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and adverse medical outcomes, have become important and growing challenges in clinical practice. Statins are frequently prescribed to manage post-transplant dyslipidemia and reduce overall cardiovascular risk in solid organ transplant recipients. This study aimed to determine whether rosuvastatin has significant DDIs with tacrolimus (the first-line immunosuppressant) and to evaluate the risk of hepatotoxicity associated with concomitant therapy.

Strategies and Challenges of Cytosolic Delivery of Proteins.

The cytosolic delivery of therapeutic proteins represents a promising strategy for addressing diseases caused by protein dysfunction. Despite significant advances, efficient delivery remains challenging due to barriers such as cell membrane impermeability, endosomal sequestration, and protein instability. This review summarizes recent progress in protein delivery systems, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches, with a particular focus on strategies that enhance endosomal escape and targeting specificity.

tiRNA-Gln-CTG is Involved in the Regulation of Trophoblast Cell Function in Pre-eclampsia and Serves as a Potent Biomarker.

Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a gestational disorder that significantly endangers maternal and fetal health. Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are important in the progression and diagnosis of various diseases. However, their role in the development of PE is unclear.

Advances in Pure Drug Self-Assembled Nanosystems: A Novel Strategy for Combined Cancer Therapy.

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems hold great promise for improving the effectiveness of anti-tumor therapies. However, their clinical translation remains hindered by several significant challenges, including intricate preparation processes, limited drug loading capacity, and concerns regarding potential toxicity. In this context, pure drug-assembled nanosystems (PDANSs) have emerged as a promising alternative, attracting extensive research interest due to their simple preparation methods, high drug loading efficiency, and suitability for large-scale industrial production.

Pathophysiology and Treatment of Psoriasis: From Clinical Practice to Basic Research.

Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory dermatosis, represents a significant clinical challenge due to its complex pathogenesis and the limitations of existing therapeutic strategies. Current psoriasis diagnoses are primarily clinician-dependent, with instrumental diagnostics serving as adjuncts. Ongoing research is progressively deciphering its molecular underpinnings; the future of psoriasis diagnostics may involve genetic and immunological profiling to pinpoint biomarkers, enabling more accurate and timely interventions.

Tenascin C-Guided Nanosystem for Precision Delivery of Obeticholic Acid in Liver Fibrosis Therapy.

Liver fibrosis, a hallmark of chronic liver diseases, is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and scar tissue formation. Current antifibrotic nanomedicines face significant limitations, including poor penetration into fibrotic tissue, rapid clearance, and suboptimal therapeutic efficacy. The dense fibrotic ECM acts as a major physiological barrier, necessitating the development of a targeted delivery strategy to achieve effective therapeutic outcomes.

Innovative Solid Lipid Nanoparticle-Enriched Hydrogels for Enhanced Topical Delivery of L-Glutathione: A Novel Approach to Anti-Ageing.

Skin ageing, driven predominantly by oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by environmental factors like ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation, accounts for approximately 80% of extrinsic skin damage. L-glutathione (GSH), a potent antioxidant, holds promise in combating UVA-induced oxidative stress. However, its instability and limited penetration through the stratum corneum hinder its topical application.

Multi-Omics and Network-Based Drug Repurposing for Septic Cardiomyopathy.

Background/objectives: Septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) is a severe cardiac complication of sepsis, characterized by cardiac dysfunction with limited effective treatments. This study aimed to identify repurposable drugs for SCM by integrated multi-omics and network analyses.

Methods: We generated a mouse model of SCM induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and then obtained comprehensive metabolic and genetic data from SCM mouse hearts using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq).

A Label-Free Colorimetric Aptasensor for Flavokavain B Detection.

Flavokavain B (FKB), a hepatotoxic chalcone from (kava), has raised safety concerns due to its role in disrupting redox homeostasis and inducing apoptosis in hepatocytes. Conventional chromatographic methods for FKB detection, while sensitive, are costly and impractical for field applications. In this work, DNA aptamers were selected using the library-immobilized method and high-throughput sequencing.

Effects of Multiple Treatments of Formic Acid on the Chemical Properties and Structural Features of Bamboo Powder.

Under mild conditions, formic acid effectively separates the components of lignocellulose, removing the majority of the hemicellulose and lignin from the cellulose. However, it has not yet been determined if multiple treatments with fresh formic acid may totally remove hemicellulose and lignin. In this study, fresh formic acid was used to repeatedly pretreat the bamboo powder, and the effect of multiple treatments on the physicochemical structure of the bamboo powder was investigated using changes in fractions, enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrophilicity, cellulose crystallinity, and lignin structure.

Development of a Vaccine Candidate Based on Surface-Displayed Particles of from the MTB39A Protein.

Tuberculosis (TB), a human and animal disease caused by (), has the highest global mortality rate after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and poses a major public health threat globally. Since 1890, vaccine candidates for various forms of TB have been developed for different age groups, but these vaccine candidates have not provided intended protection in adolescents and adults in clinical trials. To help prevent and control the spread of TB, the development of a safe and effective TB vaccine is imperative.

Mitochondrial Ribosomal Proteins and Cancer.

Mitochondria play key roles in maintaining cell life and cell function, and their dysfunction can lead to cell damage. Mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs) are encoded by nuclear genes and are assembled within the mitochondria. MRPs are pivotal components of the mitochondrial ribosomes, which are responsible for translating 13 mitochondrial DNA-encoded proteins essential for the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis to Study the Relationship Between Human Skin Microbiota and Radiation-Induced Skin Toxicity.

Radiation-induced skin toxicity, resulting from ionizing or nonionizing radiation, is a common skin disorder. However, the underlying relationship between skin microbiota and radiation-induced skin toxicity remains largely unexplored. Herein, we uncover the microbiota-skin interaction based on a genome-wide association study (GWAS) featuring 150 skin microbiota and three types of skin microenvironment.

Initial Use Experience of Durvalumab Plus Gemcitabine and Cisplatin for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer in a Japanese Territory Center.

Biliary tract cancers (BTCs), including gallbladder and bile duct cancers, have a poor prognosis. Recent advances in chemotherapy, such as using targeted drugs for specific gene mutations, have improved outcomes. Gemcitabine plus cisplatin chemotherapy has been the standard of care for the primary treatment of BTCs, but secondary treatment had not been established until recently.

SORL1-Mediated EGFR and FGFR4 Regulation Enhances Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer.

Recurrent tumors that are resistant to conventional chemotherapy are a major challenge of ovarian cancer treatment. A better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance is critical for developing more effective targeted therapies for ovarian cancer. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of thirteen pairs of matching primary and recurrent ovarian cancers to identify genes that were upregulated in the recurrent tumors.

Proteomic Characterization of Liver Cancer Cells Treated with Clinical Targeted Drugs for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant global health concern, primarily due to the limited efficacy of targeted therapies, which are often compromised by drug resistance and adverse side effects. : In this study, we utilized a Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic approach to analyze global protein expression and serine/threonine/tyrosine (S/T/Y) phosphorylation modifications in HepG2 cells following treatment with three clinically relevant hepatocellular carcinoma-targeted agents: apatinib, regorafenib, and lenvatinib. : Utilizing KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, biological process enrichment analysis, and protein interaction network analysis, we elucidated the common and specific metabolic pathways, biological processes, and protein interaction regulatory networks influenced by three liver cancer therapeutics.

Controversial Roles of Regenerating Family Proteins in Tissue Repair and Tumor Development.

: Over the past 40 years since the discovery of regenerating family proteins (Reg proteins), numerous studies have highlighted their biological functions in promoting cell proliferation and resisting cell apoptosis, particularly in the regeneration and repair of pancreatic islets and exocrine glands. Successively, short peptides derived from Reg3δ and Reg3α have been employed in clinical trials, showing favorable therapeutic effects in patients with type I and type II diabetes. However, continued reports have been limited, presumably attributed to the potential side effects.

Exploring the Mechanisms of Iron Overload-Induced Liver Injury in Rats Based on Transcriptomics and Proteomics.

Iron is a trace element that is indispensable for the growth and development of animals. Excessive iron supplementation may lead to iron overload and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in animals, causing cellular damage. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism by which iron overload causes cell injury remains to be fully elucidated.

Metagenomic Insights into Pigeon Gut Microbiota Characteristics and Antibiotic-Resistant Genes.

Background: Antibiotics were extensively used in the pigeon breeding industry previously to promote growth and prevent disease, leading to the spread of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in gut microbes, which has become a major public health concern.

Methods: A metagenomic analysis was performed to investigate the gut microbial communities and ARGs in young and older pigeons in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.

Results: There were obviously distinct gut microbiota and functional compositions between young and older pigeons.

Application of Esophageal Sponge Cytology in Screening Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a High-Risk Region of China.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of esophageal sponge cytology in screening esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods: From May 2021 to June 2022, an opportunistic screening was performed in people aged 40-75 from a high-risk region for ESCC. Using an esophageal cell collector that was independently developed in China for esophageal sponge cytology, a positive cytology was determined as detection of atypical squamous cells or more severe lesions.

Causal association among smoking, bitter beverage consumption, and risk of osteoporosis: a two-sample mendelian randomization-based study.

Objectives: Two-sample MR methods were employed to analyze the impact of smoking and bitter beverage consumption on the risk of osteoporosis and osteoporosis with pathological fractures, in order to assess the causal association.

Methods: Publicly available genome-wide association study summary data were analyzed using MR methods. The exposures investigated were smoking (smoking per day, smoking initiation, and lifetime smoking index) and bitter beverages (coffee, tea, bitter alcoholic beverages, bitter non-alcoholic beverages, and total bitter beverages).

GC-derived exosomal circMAN1A2 promotes cancer progression and suppresses T-cell antitumour immunity by inhibiting FBXW11-mediated SFPQ degradation.

Background: Exosomes, as extracellular membrane vesicles, play important roles in intercellular communication and can influence tumour progression. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported in various malignancies and are also important components of exosomes. However, the role of exosomal circRNAs in gastric cancer (GC) progression has not been completely clarified.

Structural basis of FpGalNase and its combination with FpGalNAcDeAc for efficient A-to-O blood group conversion.

Transfusion safety and blood typing continue to present significant challenges in clinical practice, including risks of incorrect blood transfusions and blood shortages. One promising solution is the enzymatic conversion of all red blood cell (RBC) types into universal O-type RBCs. However, the major obstacle to this strategy is the relatively low catalytic efficiency of the enzymes involved.