[Lipopolysaccharide affects male reproductive function through Toll-like receptors].

Reproductive tract infection is one of the factors of male infertility, but the mechanisms responsible are hitherto poorly defined. Recent studies show that one of the microbial pattern-recognition receptors, Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, plays a critical role in inflammation-induced male infertility. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, could induce inflammatory response through TLRs.

[Efficacy of citalopram on premature ejaculation: a clinical observation].

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and reliability of citalopram in the treatment of premature ejaculation.

Methods: We included in this study 80 patients who came to our andrological clinic for premature ejaculation from May 2011 to May 2012, and randomly assigned them to a treatment and a control group of equal number to receive citalopram (20 mg/d) and placebo, respectively. We recorded the intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) and sexual intercourse satisfaction scores before and at 2 and 4 weeks after treatment, and compared them between the two groups.

[Downregulation of PAR expression induces the apoptosis of human prostate cancer PC3 cells and increases the Bcl-2/Bax ratio].

Objective: To investigate the effects of the downregulated expression of the prostate androgen regulated (PAR) gene on the cell cycle and apoptosis of PC3 cells as well as on the expression level of Bcl-2/Bax.

Methods: After transfecting PC3 cells with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting PAR, we detected the inhibitory effect of PAR depletion on the proliferation of the PC3 cells by MTT assay, determined their apoptosis by flow cytometry, and measured the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax by Western blot.

Results: The expression of PAR was suppressed by siRNA, the G2-M phase PC3 cells were increased to (29.

[DPY19L2 gene and globozoospermia: an update].

Globozoospermia is a severe teratozoospermia, and the cases with 100% round-headed sperm are rare clinically. Globozoospermia is generally characterized by absence or abnormality of acrosome, accompanied by round-headed sperm with deranged midpiece and tails. The acrosome normally contains the enzymes that enable sperm to fertilize oocytes, while defective sperm cannot independently fertilize oocytes either in vivo or in vitro, and therefore globozoospermia makes males infertile clinically.

[Meiotic analysis of spermatogenic cells in severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia with chromosome 13 rearrangement].

Objective: To explore the possible mechanisms of spermatogenic arrest in severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia induced by supernumerary, ring-neocentric 13q12.3 --> 13q22 chromosome and reciprocal deletion.

Methods: We performed a genomic-wide high-density oaCGH analysis for a case of oligoasthenoteratozoospermia with abnormal chromosome 13 to characterize the breakpoints of the chromosome involved or the gene deletion caused by the rearrangement.

[Protective effect of L-carnitine combined with sildenafil on the reproductive endocrine function of diabetic male rats].

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of L-carnitine (LC) combined with sildenafil on the reproductive endocrine function of male rats with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: A total of 40 male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, group A taken as normal controls, and groups B, C, D and E made into DM models by injection of streptozotocin at 65 mg/kg. Then the rats in groups A and B were treated with normal saline, C with sildenafil at 5 mg per kg per d, D with LC at 300 mg per kg per d, and E with sildenafil at 5 mg per kg per d plus LC at 300 mg per kg per d, all via gastric gavage for 6 weeks, followed by determination of the levels of testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the serum of the rats.

[Sildenafil: 10-year application in clinical andrology in China].

Sildenafil (Viagra) citrate has been well accepted by physicians and patients for its reliable efficacy and safety in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) ever since its introduction into clinical andrology in China 10 years ago. It has been proved effective for various ED subgroups, regardless of causes, severity and age. Recent studies show that sildenafil also benefits patients with premature ejaculation, either used alone or in combination with other therapies.

[Effective English writing for tables and figures in andrological papers].

Tables and figures play a critical role in enhancing the quality of an andrological paper. As visual elements, well-presented tables and figures can reduce the length of the manuscript and meanwhile efficiently capture a large amount of information by clear and concise display of detailed results and complex relationships, patterns and trends, offer explicit statistical or graphical support to important ideas, and add to the value of the whole paper. The effectiveness of a table or figure lies not only in its well-crafted structural design, but even more in its language presentation.

[Experimental study of active ingredients group in liver protection from erzhi wan on acute hepatic injury induced by CCl4 in mice].

Objective: To study the active ingredients in liver protection from Erzhi Wan (AIEP) on acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice.

Method: Sixty Kunming mice were randomly divided into six groups: the normal group, the model group, bifendate group (150 mg x kg(-1)), high AIEP group (19.8 g x kg(-1)), middle AIEP group (13.

[Calculus formation in the prostatic cavity after transurethral resection of the prostate: causes, treatment and prevention].

Objective: To study the causes, clinical manifestations, treatment and prevention of calculus that develops in the prostatic cavity after transurethral resection of the prostate.

Methods: We reported 11 cases of calculus that developed in the prostatic cavity after transurethral resection or transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate. The patients complained of repeated symptoms of frequent micturition, urgent micturition and urodynia after operation, accompanied with urinary tract infection and some with urinary obstruction, which failed to respond to anti-infective therapies.

[Male genitourinary system lymphoma: a clinicopathological analysis].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and immunophenotypes of male genitourinary system lymphoma.

Methods: We retrospectively studied the histopathological characteristics and immunohistochemical markers of 35 cases of male genitourinary system lymphoma, and reviewed the relevant literature.

Results: The 35 patients of male genitourinary system lymphoma were aged from 4 to 83 (mean 56.

[Differentially expressed proteins in the process of annexin 5 stimulating testosterone secretion from rat Leydig cells].

Objective: To study the differentially expressed proteins in the process of annexin 5 stimulating testosterone secretion in cultured rat Leydig cells.

Methods: Primary rat Leydig cells were cultured in vitro and treated with annexin 5 at the concentration of 1 nmol/L for 24 hours, and the cell proteins were extracted to be compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The differentially expressed protein spots were selected to be analyzed by mass spectrometry.

[Qilin pills for oligoasthenospermia: a multi-centered clinical trial].

Objective: To observe the efficacy of Qilin Pills in the treatment of oligoasthenospermia.

Methods: We conducted a multi-centered open controlled clinical trial by including 220 oligoasthenospermia patients in a trial group and another 110 as controls. The patients in the trial group were treated with Qilin Pills at the dose of 6 g tid, and the controls given Wuziyanzong Pills at 6 g bid, both for a course of 12 weeks.

[Ureaplasma urealyticum infection affects sperm plasma membrane integrity in infertile men].

Objective: To determine the impact of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) infection on the integrity of sperm plasma membrane in infertile males.

Methods: Sixty-three semen samples were divided into a Uu infection group (n = 32) and a normal control group (n = 31). Conventional semen analyses were performed by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) and Uu detected by the culture method.

[Hyperhomocysteinemia and erectile dysfunction: an update].

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is considered to be one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors. Epidemiological studies conducted on erectile dysfunction (ED) have demonstrated its close correlation with cardiovascular disease, and therefore HHcy might be a novel risk factor of ED. However, the mechanism of ED resulting from HHcy is not precisely known, but may relate to increased damage of vascular endothelial cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and atherosclerosis.

[Single nucleotide polymorphisms of CYP1A2 and their correlation with prostate cancer].

Objective: To evaluate the correlation of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CYP1A2 gene with the stages and grades of prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: We conducted gene sequencing of the rs2069514-3859 (A > G) and rs2069525-1707 (C >T) alleles in the CYP1A2 gene in 253 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 206 patients with PCa treated by castration therapy, and statistically analyzed their correlations with the genotypes, stages and grades of prostate cancer.

Results: The incidences of the 2 CYP1A2 SNPs showed no significant difference between the BPH and the castrated PCa patients (P > 0.

[Molecular genetics of globozoospermia: an update].

Globozoospermia, as a severe teratozoospermia caused by gene mutations, is a rare congenital disease with main clinical manifestations of the round head of sperm and abnormality or absence of acrosome, and its precise mechanism is not yet clear. Studies show that the pathogenic genes associated with globozoospermia include SPATA16, PICK1, GOPC, Hrb, Csnk2a2 and bs. This paper outlines the progress in the studies of molecular genetics of globozoospermia, aiming to contribute to the molecular diagnosis and mechanism investigation of the disease.

[Endothelial injury and erectile dysfunction].

The endothelium plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis, regulating vascular tone and blood flow, and preserving a non-thrombogenic blood-tissue interface, and the normal function of the vascular endothelium is essential for penile erection. In most cases, erectile dysfunction (ED) is accompanied by endothelial dysfunction, and endothelial injury is a major pathological basis of ED, which can be induced by bad lifestyles, cardiovascular diseases, reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory mediators. The vascular endothelium is capable of self-repairing, and endothelial injury results from the unbalanced factors of injury and repair.

[Effects of fructus schisandrae on the function of the pituitary-testis axis and carbohydrate metabolism in rats undergoing experimental navigation and high-intensity exercise].

Objective: To investigate the influence of fructus schisandrae (FS) on the function of the pituitary-testis axis and carbohydrate metabolism in male rats undergoing experimental navigation and strenuous exercise.

Methods: Thirty-four SD rats were randomly allocated into three groups, quiescent control (A), stress control (B) and FS (C). Those in Groups B and C received 10 days of Benford's high-intensity training, followed by 7 days of intragastric administration of normal saline and FS, respectively.

[Expression of ID3 protein in prostate cancer and its clinicopathological significance].

Objective: To study the expression of the ID3 protein in prostate cancer and its clinicopathological significance.

Methods: We detected the expression of the ID3 protein in PC-3M cells by indirect immunofluorescence, and that in 29 prostate cancer and 15 prostate hyperplasia specimens by immunohistochemistry. Then we analyzed the correlation between the expression level of ID3 and the clinicopathological parameters.

[Application of Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man to medical genetics].

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM, http://omim. org/) is a comprehensive, authoritative, practical and timely knowledgebase of human genes and genetic disorders. OMIM, as a genetic encyclopedia, provides an easy and straightforward access to information on human genetics to students, researchers and clinicians.

Urgent need for contraceptive education and services in Chinese unmarried undergraduates: a multi-campus survey.

In order to ascertain prevalence rate of premarital sexual intercourse, unintended pregnancy and abortion, and evaluate associated factors of unintended pregnancy among undergraduates from all over China, the representative sample of unmarried undergraduates was obtained by using a multi-stage, stratified, probability cluster design, and data were collected by using a survey questionnaire. 62 326 available responders were gained. 11.

[Expression, purification and identification of fusion protein mTSLPR-Ig].

Aim: To construct an adenovirus vector (Ad-mTSLPR-Ig) expressing the fusion protein of the extracellular domain of mouse TSLPR and the Fc fragment of mouse Ig, further purify and assess the soluble fusion protein mTSLPR-Ig.

Methods: The gene of mTSLPR extracellular domain was amplified from cDNA library of mouse thymus by PCR. Then an adenovirus vector (Ad-mTSLPR-Ig) expressing the fusion protein of mTSLPR and the Fc fragment of mouse Ig was constructed.

[Clinicopathological analysis of testicular mixed germ cell tumor].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of primary testicular mixed germ cell tumor (MGCT).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of 13 cases of primary testicular MGCT and reviewed other relevant literature.

Results: MGCT accounted for 24.

[Inhibitory effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine combined with docetaxel on prostate cancer PC3 cells in vitro].

Objective: To evaluate the effects of methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine (5-aza-2dc) and docetaxel (DT), alone or in combination, on the proliferation, migration, apoptosis and cell cycles of the human prostate cancer cell line PC3, and to investigate the possible mechanisms of these two drugs acting on prostate cancer in vitro.

Methods: Four groups were designed in this experiment: control, 5-aza-2dc, DT, and 5-aza-2dc + DT. The inhibitory effect of 5-aza-2dc and/or DT on the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of PC3 cells was detected by MTT, wound healing assay and cell migration assay, respectively.