Distinct DNA conformations during forward and backward translocations through a conical nanopore.

DNA conformations, which encompass the three-dimensional structures of the DNA strand, play a crucial role in genome regulation. During DNA translocation in a nanopore, various conformations occur due to interactions among force fields, the fluidic environment, and polymer features. The most common conformation is folding, where DNA moves through the nanopore in a two-strand or multi-strand manner, influencing the current signature.

Carbon fluxes and water-use efficiency in a Pinus tabuliformis plantation in Northeast China and their relationship to drought.

The impact of extreme weather events on carbon fluxes and water-use efficiency (WUE) in revegetated areas under water-limited conditions is poorly understood. We analyzed changes in carbon fluxes and WUE over three years of eddy-covariance measurements in a Pinus tabuliformis plantation in Northeast China to investigate carbon fluxes and WUE responses to drought events at different time scales. Mean annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE), gross primary production (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (Re) were -368.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Explores the Mechanism of Angiosperm and Gymnosperm Deadwood Degradation by .

In forest ecosystems, most of the soil organic matter is derived from trees, as deadwood lignocellulose and wood-decaying basidiomycetes are the most important decomposers of lignin and cellulose. is one of the most common white-rot fungi colonizing angiosperm trees and is often found in birch deadwood but seldom in pine deadwood. To reveal the mechanism through which selects angiosperms as its preferred host trees, birch and pinewood sticks were selected for culturing for two months.

[Responses of tree growth and intrinsic water-use efficiency of to climate factors].

We investigated tree growth in plantations at Ansai in Shaanxi Province and at Ji-xian in Shanxi Province by comparing the tree-ring width, basal area increase (BAI), δC value, intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE), and stomatal regulation. We quantified the responses of tree growth and iWUE to climatic factors at each site. The tree-ring width at Ansai and Jixian decreased with stand age, whereas the BAI at Ansai increased, and that at Jixian decreased after the BAI peaked.

Light-Emitting Diodes Modify Medicinal Quality of Mown , with Changes in Growth, Physiology, and Antioxidant Activity, under Drought Stress.

Medicinal plants accommodated by understory habitats can easily suffer over-exploitation in the heavy harvest of natural products. It is necessary to develop a sustainable cultural protocol to provide high-quality stocks for efficient regeneration. Drought places stress on medicinal plants during their culture by limiting new sprout growth and reducing the quality of medicinal extracts.

Shape and size design, preparation and test evaluation of color unit in visible light and infrared camouflage.

This study presents a novel method for designing and preparing a visible light-infrared-compatible camouflage sample based on the shape, size of the visible band's color unit and the infrared band's material coatings. The coatings were prepared by using the cold spray method on 1 m × 1 m aluminum substrates with a color unit of the regular hexagonal sample (M1) and regular quadrilateral sample (M2). Then the color difference, the temperature difference and image salience value methods were used to analyze the effectiveness of camouflage samples through the real-scene tests.

Information sharing and deferral option in cybersecurity investment.

This study investigates the effect of information sharing and deferral option on a firm's information security investment strategies by considering strategic interactions between a firm and an attacker. We find that 1) information sharing decreases a firm's security investment rate. 2) If a deferral decision is possible, the firm will decrease its immediate investment, and avoid non-investment.

Methane dynamics from a mixed plantation of north China: Observation using closed-path eddy covariance method.

Although an important greenhouse gas, methane flux in hilly forest ecosystems remains unclear. By using closed-path eddy covariance systems, methane flux was measured continuously from 2017 to 2019 in a mixed plantation in the Xiaolangdi area of the Yellow River in North China. The methane flux footprint and its diurnal and monthly variations were analysed, and its characteristics on rainy days are discussed.

Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Scolytoplatypodini Species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and Phylogenetic Implications.

The complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of beetles in the tribe Scolytoplatypodini (genus ) were sequenced and annotated. These included (15,324 bp), (15,394 bp), (15,167 bp), and (15,267 bp). The four mitogenomes contained 37 typical genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs).

Research on Smart Tourism Oriented Sensor Network Construction and Information Service Mode.

Smart tourism is the latest achievement of tourism development at home and abroad. It is also an essential part of the smart city. Promoting the application of computer and sensor technology in smart tourism is conducive to improving the efficiency of public tourism services and guiding the innovation of the tourism public service mode.

A bioinspired antibacterial and photothermal membrane for stable and durable clean water remediation.

Solar-driven steam generation has been considered as a prevalent and sustainable approach to obtain clean fresh water. However, the presence of microorganisms in seawater may cause the biofouling and degradation of polymeric photothermal materials and clog the channels for water transportation, leading to a decrease in solar evaporation efficiency during long-term usage. Herein, we have reported a facile strategy to construct a robust cellulose membrane device coated by tobramycin-doped polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA/TOB@CA).

Drought effects on tree growth, water use efficiency, vulnerability and canopy health of mixed plantation.

Drought-induced forest canopy die-back and tree mortality have been commonly recorded in the lithoid mountainous regions of northern China. However, the capacity of trees to regulate their carbon and water balance in response to drought remains inadequately understood. We measured tree growth, intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), vulnerability, and canopy health during drought events using dendrochronology, C isotope measurements, and a tree canopy health survey in a mixed plantation of and .

[Climate changes in southern Taihang Mountain area from 1980 to 2019].

Southern Taihang Mountain area is an important part of the key ecological regions along the Yellow River in China. Understanding the climate change trend in this area is of significance for the maintenance of ecological security and the planning and decision-making of major ecological projects in the Yellow River Basin. Taking Jiyuan City in southern Taihang Mountain area as the research area, we analyzed the climate change trend in Jiyuan based on the meteorological data from 1980 to 2019.

Selective Oxidation of Glycerol into Formic Acid by Photogenerated Holes and Superoxide Radicals.

Photocatalysis is a promising technology for conversion of the glycerol into formic acid, but photocatalytic oxidation of C-C bonds in glycerol exhibits poor selectivity towards formic acid because the photogenerated radicals (e.g., hydroxyl radicals) further oxidize formic acid to CO .

EST-SSR Marker Development and Full-Length Transcriptome Sequence Analysis of Tiger Lily ().

The fast advancement and deployment of sequencing technologies after the Human Genome Project have greatly increased our knowledge of the eukaryotic genome sequences. However, due to technological concerns, high-quality genomic data has been confined to a few key organisms. Moreover, our understanding of which portions of genomes make up genes and which transcript isoforms synthesize these genes is scarce.

Phosphate removal from actual wastewater via La(OH)-CN adsorption: Performance, mechanisms and applicability.

In this study, La(OH) nanoparticles were immobilized on CN to effectively restrict their aggregation and subsequently enhance the La utilization efficiency to promote phosphate adsorption. The prepared La(OH)-CN nanocomposite was characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, BET and Zeta potential analysis. Batch and continuously-fed (fixed-bed column) experiments to assess the adsorption performance of La(OH)-CN showed that the composite exhibits superior utilization efficiency, resulting to relatively quick adsorption with a short equilibrium time of 30 min.

Liquefied dimethyl ether based multi-stage extraction for high efficient oil recovery from spent bleaching clay.

With the increasing production of spent bleaching clay (SBC), the recovery of the waste oil in SBC is becoming an important and urgent needs for our environment and economy. In this research, we have developed a new effective recovery technique to recover oil from SBC by use of liquefied dimethyl ether (DME). Over 65 wt% oil and 81% wt.

Regional and temporal patterns of influenza: Application of functional data analysis.

Background: The accurate estimation of temporal patterns of influenza may help in utilizing hospital resources and guiding influenza surveillance. This paper proposes functional data analysis (FDA) to improve the prediction of temporal patterns of influenza.

Methods: We illustrate FDA methods using the weekly Influenza-like Illness (ILI) activity level data from the U.

Differential Responses of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities to Long-Term Fertilization in the Wheat Rhizosphere and Root Endosphere.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide essential nutrients to crops and are critically impacted by fertilization in agricultural ecosystems. Understanding shifts in AMF communities in and around crop roots under different fertilization regimes can provide important lessons for improving agricultural production and sustainability. Here, we compared the responses of AMF communities in the rhizosphere (RS) and root endosphere (ES) of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to different fertilization treatments, nonfertilization (control), mineral fertilization only (NPK), mineral fertilization plus wheat straw (NPKS), and mineral fertilization plus cow manure (NPKM).

A method for continuously monitoring the quality of Masson pine seedlings.

Root growth potential (RGP) is a popular physiological indicator used to evaluate seedling vigor. However, the time scale used in the RGP test is the order of days, which leads to poor performance of the RGP method. We propose an optical interference method, called statistical interferometry, to measure minute root elongation at a sub-nanometer scale, which can decrease the time used in measuring RGP.

Visible-Light-Promoted Cross-Coupling Reactions of Aryldiazonium Salts with -Methyl- Sulfonothioate or -Methyl- Selenium Sulfonate: Synthesis of Trideuteromethylated Sulfides, Sulfoxides, and Selenides.

A novel visible-light-photocatalytic deuterated thiomethylation/methylselenation of aryldiazonium salts utilizing /methyl- sulfonothioate has been developed. The mild conditions and the various functional groups provide a green protocol for the efficient and rapid introduction of the -CD or -CD group with useful levels of deuterium content (>91% D). Trideuteromethyl sulfoxides have also been successfully chemoselectively observed by simple atmospheric changes under photocatalytic conditions.

Characterization and Expression of KT/HAK/KUP Transporter Family Genes in Willow under Potassium Deficiency, Drought, and Salt Stresses.

The K transporter/high-affinity K/K uptake (KT/HAK/KUP) transporters dominate K uptake, transport, and allocation that play a pivotal role in mineral homeostasis and plant adaptation to adverse abiotic stresses. However, molecular mechanisms towards K nutrition in forest trees are extremely rare, especially in willow. In this study, we identified 22 KT/HAK/KUP transporter genes in purple osier willow (designated as to ) and examined their expression under K deficiency, drought, and salt stress conditions.

Algicidal activity recovery by a Li-doped up-conversion material converting visible light into UV.

Citrobacter sp. R1, a highly efficient algicidal bacterium, undergoes a serious degeneration after long-term preservation. Here, we prepared a Li-doped up-conversion material ([YSiO; Li (1%)]) to recover the degenerated Strain R1.

Carbon-nutrient stoichiometry drives phosphorus immobilization in phototrophic biofilms at the soil-water interface in paddy fields.

Phototrophic biofilms are distributed widely at the sediment/soil-water interfaces (SWI) in paddy fields, where they immobilize phosphorus, thereby reducing its runoff loss. However, how soil carbon, nutrient availability and nutrient ratios drive the phototrophic biofilm community and its contribution to phosphorus cycling is largely unknown. A large scale field investigation in Chinese paddy fields reported here shows that soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN) contents rather than soil total phosphorus (STP) triggered phosphorus immobilization of paddy biofilms, as they changed algal diversity and EPS production.