Enhancement of the edible quality and shelf life of soft-boiled chicken using MAP.

In order to commercialize soft-boiled chicken, a traditional Asian food, this work was performed to evaluate the effect of the packages on the edible quality. Soft-boiled chickens were packaged with air packaging (AP) or modified atmosphere packaging (MAP, MN:100% N and MC:30%CO/70%N) conditions. Total viable counts reached the acceptable limit of 4.

Content of free and protein-binding N-carboxymethyllysine and N-carboxyethyllysine in different parts of braised chicken.

In order to illustrate the levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in Chinese traditional braised chicken the distribution of free and protein-binding N-carboxymethyllysine (CML) and N-carboxyethyllysine (CEL) in four parts of processed chicken including chest (X), leg (T), skin (P), and the mixed whole body (M) was investigated. Our results showed that the content of free CML was 1,186.63-1,795.

Impact of mushroom () flour upon quality attributes of wheat dough and functional cookies-baked products.

The objective of this study was to create a healthier version of a commonly consumed baked food (cookies) by replacing some of the wheat flour with a nutraceutical-rich mushroom flour. The impact of incorporating different levels of powdered mushroom () flour on the rheological properties of the cookie dough and the final cookies was therefore determined. The rheological properties of wheat dough supplemented with 0%-25% (/) of mushroom flour were analyzed using a Mixolab instrument and a shear rheometer.

Chloroplast population genetics reveals low levels of genetic variation and conformation to the central-marginal hypothesis in var. , an endangered conifer endemic to China.

The central-marginal hypothesis predicts that geographically peripheral populations should exhibit reduced genetic diversity and increased genetic differentiation than central populations due to smaller effective population size and stronger geographical isolation. We evaluated these predictions in the endangered conifer var. Eight plastid simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs) were used to investigate plastid genetic variation in 22 populations of var.

Volatile organic compounds of increase strawberry fruit flavor and defense during cold storage.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of antagonistic yeasts are considered as environmental safe fumigants to promote the resistance and quality of strawberry (a ). By GC-MS assays, VOCs of () fumigated strawberry fruit showed increased contents of methyl caproate (5.8%), methyl octanoate (5.

Edible quality of soft-boiled chicken processing with chilled carcass was better than that of hot-fresh carcass.

Soft-boiled chicken is widely popular with its flavor and texture. In a traditional view, the edible quality of soft-boiled chicken producing with hot-fresh carcass (without any chilled procedure after evisceration) was better than that of chilled carcass. Hot-fresh groups with 1, 2, or 4 hr and chilled groups with 24, 48, or 60 hr were used to clarify the view in this study.

Experimentally investigated the asparagus ( L.) drying with flat-plate collector under the natural convection indirect solar dryer.

The above article, published online on 21 February 2018 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Y. Martin Lo, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Epistasis confers resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in the cotton bollworm.

Evolution of resistance by insect pests reduces the benefits of extensively cultivated transgenic crops that produce insecticidal proteins from (Bt). Previous work showed that resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac, which is produced by transgenic cotton, can be conferred by mutations disrupting a cadherin protein that binds this Bt toxin in the larval midgut. However, the potential for epistatic interactions between the cadherin gene and other genes has received little attention.

Fine root responses to temporal nutrient heterogeneity and competition in seedlings of two tree species with different rooting strategies.

There is little direct evidence for effects of soil heterogeneity and root plasticity on the competitive interactions among plants. In this study, we experimentally examined the impacts of temporal nutrient heterogeneity on root growth and interactions between two plant species with very different rooting strategies: (sweet gum), which shows high root plasticity in response to soil nutrient heterogeneity, and (loblolly pine), a species with less plastic roots. Seedlings of the two species were grown in sandboxes in inter- and intraspecific combinations.

Symbiont-conferred reproduction and fitness benefits can favour their host occurrence.

Double infections of and are frequent in natural populations of , a polyphagous mite species that has been a dominant species in China since 2009. However, little is known about the causes and ecological importance of such coexistences. In this study, we established strains with different infection types and then inferred the impact of the two endosymbionts on host reproduction and fitness.

Grazing weakens temporal stabilizing effects of diversity in the Eurasian steppe.

Many biodiversity experiments have demonstrated that plant diversity can stabilize productivity in experimental grasslands. However, less is known about how diversity-stability relationships are mediated by grazing. Grazing is known for causing species losses, but its effects on plant functional groups (PFGs) composition and species asynchrony, which are closely correlated with ecosystem stability, remain unclear.

Genetic differentiation and spatiotemporal history of diploidy and tetraploidy of .

Polyploidy is an important factor shaping the geographic range of a species. () is a primary perennial herb widely distributed in China with two karyotypic characteristics-diploid and tetraploid and thereby used to understand the ploidy and distribution. This study unraveled the patterns of genetic variation and spatiotemporal history among the cytotypes of using simple sequence repeat or microsatellites.

Resistance to toxin Cry2Ab and survival on single-toxin and pyramided cotton in cotton bollworm from China.

Evolution of resistance to (Bt) cotton producing Cry1Ac is progressing in northern China, and replacement of Cry1Ac cotton by pyramided Bt cotton has been considered to counter such resistance. Here, we investigated four of the eight conditions underlying success of the refuge strategy for delaying resistance to Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab cotton, a pyramid that has been used extensively against outside China. Laboratory bioassays of a Cry2Ab-selected strain (An2Ab) and a related unselected strain (An) reveal that resistance to Cry2Ab (130-fold) was nearly dominant, autosomally inherited, and controlled by more than one locus.

Effects of maturity stage and lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of Siberian wildrye silage.

It is difficult to make good quality of silage from alpine gramineous from the Qinghai Tibetan plateau. The effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of Siberian wildrye silage were studied in southeast of the Qinghai Tibetan plateau. Siberian wildrye materials were freshly cut at the sprouting stage, flowering stage, and milky stage.

Expression of TLR2/4 in the sperm-storing oviduct of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis during hibernation season.

The initiation of innate immunology system could play an important role in the aspect of protection for sperms long-term storage when the sperms got into oviduct of turtles and come into contact with epithelium. The exploration of TLR2/4 distribution and expression in oviduct during hibernation could help make the storage mechanism understandable. The objective of this study was to examine the gene and protein expression profiles in Chinese soft-shelled turtle during hibernation from November to April in the next year.

Dissolving mechanism of strain P17 on insoluble phosphorus of yellow-brown soil.

Strain P17 was a bacterial strain identified as Bacillus megaterium isolated from ground accumulating phosphate rock powder. The fermentation broth of strain P17 and the yellow-brown soil from Nanjing Agricultural University garden were collected to conduct this study. The simulation of fixed insoluble phosphorous forms after applying calcium superphosphate into yellow-brown soil was performed in pots, while available P and total P of soil were extremely positive correlative with those of groundwater.