ANAC044 orchestrates mitochondrial stress signaling to trigger iron-induced stem cell death in root meristems.

While iron (Fe) is essential for life and plays important roles for almost all growth related processes, it can trigger cell death in both animals and plants. However, the underlying mechanisms for Fe-induced cell death in plants remain largely unknown. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) has previously been reported to regulate nitric oxide homeostasis to prevent Fe-induced cell death within root meristems.

MicroRNA analysis reveals two modules that antagonistically regulate xylem tracheary element development in Arabidopsis.

Tracheary elements (TEs) are vital in the transport of various substances and contribute to plant growth. The differentiation of TEs is complex and regulated by a variety of microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the dynamic changes in miRNAs during each stage of TE differentiation remain unclear, and the miRNA regulatory network is not yet complete.

The ecdysone-induced bZIP transcription factor MafB establishes a positive feedback loop to enhance vitellogenesis and reproduction in the mosquito.

Female mosquitoes require a vertebrate blood meal to activate reproduction, transmitting numerous devastating human diseases. Vitellogenesis is a central event of female reproduction that involves the massive production of vitellogenin (Vg) in the fat body and the maturation of ovaries. This process is controlled by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E); however, its molecular regulatory basis remains not completely understood.

Microbe-mediated synthesis of defect-rich CeO nanoparticles with oxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of L-penicillamine and glutathione.

To enhance production efficiency, curtail costs, and minimize environmental impact, developing simple and sustainable nanozyme synthesis methods has been the focus of relevant research. In this report, graphite-coated CeO nanoparticles (CeO NPs) with multiple defects (Ce defects, oxygen vacancies and carbon defects) were synthesized the culture filtrate of the extremely radioresistant bacterium R12 ( R12). The as-prepared CeO NPs exhibit remarkable oxidase (OXD)-like activity, efficiently catalyzing the oxidation of the chromogenic substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to form oxTMB, even in the absence of HO.

Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Ring Opening of Oxabenzonorbornadienes via Domino Aminopalladation of Alkynylanilines.

We report herein a robust enantioselective ring opening coupling of oxabenzonorbornadienes via Pd(II)-catalyzed domino cyclization of alkynylanilines, which features the formation of three covalent bonds and two contiguous stereocenters with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivity and a broad substrate scope. The good functional group tolerance of this domino desymmetrization strategy enables efficient late-stage transformation of natural product-derived alkynylanilines. The resulting indolated dihydronaphthols could serve as a valuable platform to streamline the diversity-oriented synthesis of other valuable enantioenriched tetrahydronaphthalene derivatives.

Saponin components exhibit antiviral properties against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus .

Piglets afflicted with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) experience severe diarrhea and elevated death rates, leading to substantial financial losses in the pig farming sector. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of saponins on PEDV within Vero cells by utilizing different methodologies to evaluate their anti-PEDV effect. By producing 40 saponins, we have discovered that No.

Late-stage C-H trifluoroacetylation of quinoxaline-2(1)-ones using masked trifluoroacyl reagents.

A strategy for trifluoroacetylation of quinoxaline-2(1)-ones has been investigated. This strategy employs masked trifluoroacyl reagents to obtain trifluoroacetylated quinoxaline-2(1)-ones under metal-, catalyst-, and light-free conditions. This approach is distinguished by its functional group compatibility and tolerance, as well as the simplicity of the experimental process, making it suitable for gram-scale synthesis.

sp. SI-NJAU-1 and Its Mutant Strain with Excretion-Ammonium Capability Promote Plant Growth through Biological Nitrogen Fixation.

Legumes are well-known for symbiotic nitrogen fixation, whereas associative nitrogen fixation for nonlegume plants needs more attention. Most associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria are applied in their original plant species and need further study for broad adaptation. Additionally, if isolated nitrogen-fixing bacteria could function under fertilizer conditions, it is often ignored.

Non-Additive Gene Expression in Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism Drives Growth Heterosis in Populus deltoides.

Growth heterosis is crucial for Populus deltoides breeding, a key industrial-timber and ecological-construction tree species in temperate regions. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying carbon (C)-nitrogen (N) metabolism coordination in regulating growth heterosis remain unclear. Herein high-hybrids of P.

Graph pangenome reveals the regulation of malate content in blood-fleshed peach by NAC transcription factors.

Background: Fruit acidity and color are important quality attributes in peaches. Although there are some exceptions, blood-fleshed peaches typically have a sour taste. However, little is known about the genetic variations linking organic acid and color regulation in peaches.

Modelling mixed crop-livestock systems and climate impact assessment in sub-Saharan Africa.

Climate change significantly challenges smallholder mixed crop-livestock (MCL) systems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), affecting food and feed production. This study enhances the SIMPLACE modeling framework by incorporating crop-vegetation-livestock models, which contribute to the development of sustainable agricultural practices in response to climate change. Applying such a framework in a domain in West Africa (786,500 km) allowed us to estimate the changes in crop (Maize, Millet, and Sorghum) yield, grass biomass, livestock numbers, and greenhouse gas emission in response to future climate scenarios.

Identifying Protein-Nucleotide Binding Residues via Grouped Multi-task Learning and Pre-trained Protein Language Models.

The accurate identification of protein-nucleotide binding residues is crucial for protein function annotation and drug discovery. Numerous computational methods have been proposed to predict these binding residues, achieving remarkable performance. However, due to the limited availability and high variability of nucleotides, predicting binding residues for diverse nucleotides remains a significant challenge.

Microbial assisted alleviation of nickel toxicity in plants: A review.

Nickel (Ni) is required in trace amounts (less than 500 µg kg) in plants to regulate metabolic processes, the immune system, and to act as an enzymatic catalytic cofactor. Conversely, when nickel is present in high concentration, it is considered as a toxic substance. Excessive human nickel exposure occurs through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, ultimately leading to respiratory, cardiovascular, and chronic kidney diseases.

Aged polylactic acid microplastics with ultraviolet irradiation stunted pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) germination and growth with cadmium in hydroponics.

The presence of biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) alongside toxic metals in soil significantly threatens plant health. Current research mainly focuses on the effects of original BMPs. In contrast, the specific impacts of ultraviolet (UV)-aged BMPs and their interaction with Cadmium (Cd) on seed germination and growth are unclear.

Preparation of peptides against immunocomplex of deltamethrin and application in noncompetitive lateral flow immunoassay.

Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has the advantages of simplicity and rapidness, and is widely used for the rapid detection of pesticides and other analytes. However, small molecule compounds such as pesticides are often analyzed using competitive LFIA (CLFIA), whose sensitivity often does not meet the actual needs. In this study, a noncompetitive LFIA (NLFIA) for deltamethrin (DM) with high sensitivity was developed by using anti-immunocomplex peptides (AIcPs).

The MYB-bHLH-NRAMP module modulates the cadmium sensitivity of quinoa by regulating cadmium transport and absorption.

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants and is easily absorbed by food crops. Quinoa is a kind of coarse grain crop with rich nutrition and strong stress resistance, which is easy to accumulate Cd. The increasingly serious soil Cd pollution poses a serious threat to the food safety of quinoa.

Organophosphate esters inhibit enzymatic proteolysis through non-covalent interactions.

Enzymatic proteolysis is the key process to produce bioavailable nitrogen in natural terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems for microorganisms and plants. However, little is known on how protein degradation is influenced by organic contaminants. As we known, the overuse of organophosphate esters (OPEs) has caused serious pollution in soil, water, and sediment.

Hybrid Pennisetum colonization by Bacillus megaterium BM18-2 labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) under Cd stress.

Researchers have reported that Bacillus megaterium BM18-2 reduces Cd toxicity in Hybrid Pennisetum, but understanding the interaction between plants and associated endophytes is crucial for understanding phytoremediation strategies under heavy metal stress. The current study aims to monitor the colonization patterns of GFP-labeled endophytic bacteria BM18-2 on Hybrid Pennisetum grass. Additionally, it will monitor Cd's effect on plant bacterial colonization.

Undernutrition affects metabolism and immune response in subcutaneous adipose tissue of pregnant ewes.

Pregnant ewes mobilize body fat to increase energy supply for fetal growth and development upon undernutrition, which disrupts the metabolic homeostasis of the body. However, the comprehensive metabolic changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue upon undernutrition are poorly understood. In this study, an undernutrition sheep model was established to investigate the effects of undernutrition on metabolic changes, immune response, and inflammation in subcutaneous fat through transcriptome, RT-qPCR, and metabolome analysis.

Expected profitability, independence, and risk assessment of small farmers in the wave of GM crop collectivization--evidence from Xinjiang and Guangdong.

As a longstanding and indispensable part of developing countries, small farmers face challenges brought by the dissemination of GM technology. Despite governments' efforts to promote collective cultivation of GM crops through top-down policies aimed at enhancing small farmers' production efficiency and market competitiveness, actual participation rates among small farmers in many developing countries remain low. This reflects a gap and mismatch between policy design and the actual needs of small farmers.

Integrated omics analysis reveals the interactions among ROS metabolism and malate metabolism associated with chilling tolerance in peach fruit treated with hot air.

Continuous supply of NADPH is necessary for the synthesis of ROS, which can be derived from the decarboxylation of malic acid, providing fuels for RbOHs to sustain ROS production. However, excessive accumulations of ROS lead to significant chilling injury (CI) in peaches during cold storage. Our previous studies indicated that hot air (HA) slows the CI progression in peaches by preventing malate degradation.

Bioavailability of encapsulated rosmarinic acid and β-Carotene in beef Sausages: A Caco-2 cell study.

In this study, we examined the bioavailability and functionality of rosmarinic acid and β-carotene in beef sausages using Caco-2 cell models. Digesta from enriched sausages showed high antioxidant activity, with 89.2% DPPH and 87.

Insight into distribution and composition of nonhuman N-Glycans in mammalian organs via MALDI-TOF and MALDI-MSI.

The major hurdle of xenotransplantation is the immune response triggered by human natural antibodies interacting with carbohydrate antigens on the transplanted animal organ. Specifically, terminal glycoprotein motifs such as galactose-α1,3-galactose (α-Gal) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) are significant obstacles. Little is known about the abundance and compositions of asparagine-linked complex carbohydrates (N-glycans) carrying these motifs in mammalian organs.

Role of mutation G255A in modulating pyrethroid sensitivity in insect sodium channels.

A voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) plays a crucial role in insect electrical signals, and it is a target for various naturally occurring and synthesized neurotoxins, including pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. The type of agent is typically widely used to prevent and control sanitary and agricultural pests. The perennial use of insecticides has caused mutations in VGSCs that have given rise to resistance in most insects.

Geochemical speciation and activation risks of Cd, Ni, and Zn in soils with naturally high background in karst regions of southwestern China.

Agricultural soils in karst regions present a remarkable paradox where high geochemical background levels of heavy metals correspond with unexpectedly low crop uptake, challenging traditional risk assessment frameworks and limiting agricultural development. To decode this paradox, we investigated the geochemical speciation of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) in soil-rice systems in southwestern China, which collectively constitute the world's largest continuous karst region and represent diverse soil weathering stages. We employed three chemical extraction methods that revealed reactive pools ranking as Cd (58.