Chromatin Accessibility Mediated by CHROMATIN REMODELING 11 Promotes Chilling Tolerance in Rice.

Chromatin remodeling plays a crucial role in controlling gene transcription by modifying chromatin structure. However, the involvement of chromatin remodeling in plant stress responses, especially cold tolerance, through chromatin accessibility remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that rice (Oryza sativa L.

The MADS-RIPENING INHIBITOR-DIVARICATA1 module regulates carotenoid biosynthesis in nonclimacteric Capsicum fruits.

Carotenoids play indispensable roles in the ripening process of fleshy fruits. Capsanthin is a widely distributed and utilized natural red carotenoid. However, the regulatory genes involved in capsanthin biosynthesis remain insufficient.

Computer Vision-Based Fire-Ice Ion Algorithm for Rapid and Nondestructive Authentication of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen and Its Counterfeits.

The authentication of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS), Ziziphi Mauritianae Semen (ZMS), and Hovenia Acerba Semen (HAS) has become challenging. The chromatic and textural properties of ZSS, ZMS, and HAS are analyzed in this study. Color features were extracted via RGB, CIELAB, and HSI spaces, whereas texture information was analyzed via the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and Law's texture feature analysis.

Phycospheric Bacteria Alleviate the Stress of Erythromycin on by Regulating Nitrogen Metabolism.

Macrolide pollution has attracted a great deal of attention because of its ecotoxic effects on microalgae, but the role of phycospheric bacteria under antibiotic stress remains unclear. This study explored the toxic effects of erythromycin (ERY) on the growth and nitrogen metabolism of ; then, it analyzed and predicted the effects of the composition and ecological function of phycospheric bacteria on microalgae under ERY stress. We found that 0.

Optimum Nitrogen and Phosphorus Combination Improved Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Sorghum in Saline Soil.

Two-year experiments were conducted to assess the responses of yield and nutrient use efficiency of sorghum to nitrogen and phosphorus under saline soils. Three nitrogen rates (0, 180, and 360 N kg ha) and three phosphorus rates (0, 60, and 120 PO kg ha) were used in this study. Our results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus supply increased SPAD (leaf greenness, 5.

Synergistic Effect of Sugarcane Bagasse and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Eco-Remediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Saline Soils in Wheat Cultivation.

Soil contamination with cadmium (Cd) and salinity poses a significant challenge, affecting crop health and productivity. This study explores the combined application of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to mitigate the toxic effects of Cd and salinity in wheat plants. Field experiments conducted in Cd-contaminated saline soils revealed that the application of SCB (0, 5, and 10 t ha) and ZnO NPs (0, 12.

The Geometric Series Hypothesis of Leaf Area Distribution and Its Link to the Calculation of the Total Leaf Area per Shoot of 'Aureostriatus'.

Total leaf area per shoot () can reflect the photosynthetic capacity of a shoot. A prior study hypothesized that is proportional to the product of the sum of the individual leaf widths per shoot () and the maximum individual leaf length per shoot (), referred to as the Montgomery-Koyama-Smith equation (MKSE). However, empirical evidence does not support such a proportional relationship hypothesis, as was found to allometrically scale with , i.

Integrated Analysis of Metatranscriptome and Amplicon Sequencing to Reveal Distinctive Rhizospheric Microorganisms of Salt-Tolerant Rice.

Salt stress poses a significant constraint on rice production, so further exploration is imperative to elucidate the intricate molecular mechanisms governing salt tolerance in rice. By manipulating the rhizosphere microbial communities or targeting specific microbial functions, it is possible to enhance salt tolerance in crops, improving crop yields and food security in saline environments. In this study, we conducted rice rhizospheric microbial amplicon sequencing and metatranscriptome analysis, revealing substantial microbiomic differences between the salt-tolerant rice cultivar TLJIAN and the salt-sensitive HUAJING.

Characterizing Droughts During the Rice Growth Period in Northeast China Based on Daily SPEI Under Climate Change.

In agricultural production, droughts occurring during the crucial growth periods of crops hinder crop development, while the daily-scale standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index () can be applied to accurately identify the drought characteristics. In this study, we used the statistical downscaling method to obtain the daily precipitation (), maximum air temperature () and minimum air temperature () during the rice growing season in Heilongjiang Province from 2015 to 2100 under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.

Receptor-like Kinase GOM1 Regulates Glume-Opening in Rice.

Glume-opening of thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) rice ( L.) lines after anthesis is a serious problem that significantly reduces the yield and quality of hybrid seeds. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the opening and closing of rice glumes remain largely unclear.

Transcriptome sequencing reveals jasmonate playing a key role in ALA-induced osmotic stress tolerance in strawberry.

Background: Strawberry (Fragaria × annanasa Duch.) is an important economic fruit worldwide, whose growth and development are often hindered by water deficiency. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a natural plant growth regulator, has been suggested to mitigate the osmotic damages by promoting root water absorption, osmotic adjustment, photosynthetic capacity, and antioxidant improvement.

Insights into the differences of caspase and apoptosis levels in pork longissimus thoracis muscles with different tenderness: A perspective on S-nitrosylation modification.

This study investigated the differences of caspase and apoptosis levels in pork with different tenderness from the perspective of S-nitrosylation and further explored their role during pork tenderization. Ten longissimus thoracis muscles selected from 36 individual carcasses based on shear force were divided into high (HT) and low (LT) tenderness groups (n = 5), respectively. Results demonstrated that total nitric oxide synthase activity and protein S-nitrosylation levels of LT group were higher than HT group, while myocyte apoptosis levels were lower in LT group (p < 0.

Co-occurrence of microplastics, PFASs, antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance genes in groundwater and their composite impacts on indigenous microbial communities: A field study.

There is a major gap in the occurrence of mixed emerging contaminants, which hinders our efforts in exploring their behaviors and transport in environmental media, as well as their toxicity to human and ecosystem. This study assessed the occurrence and their correlations of mixed contamination by microplastics (MPs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in groundwater collected from a pharmaceutical and chemical industrial park. MPs, PFASs, antibiotics and ARGs were detected at all monitoring wells.

Market integration and resident health in China.

This paper uses data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) to study the impact of market integration on residents' health. The empirical results based on the probit model show that market integration has a significant dampening effect on resident incidence. For every one-unit increase in the degree of market integration, the probability of residents becoming sick decreases by approximately 1.

A band selection method combining spectral color characteristics for estimating chlorophyll content of rice in different backgrounds.

Spectroscopic technology is an effective method for estimating rice chlorophyll content. However, redundant spectral information and the complex background of rice in situ challenge the accuracy and robustness of the estimation. To address this problem, this study proposed a band selection method combining spectral color characteristics and established a convolutional neural network (CNN) model based on this method to estimate chlorophyll content of rice for black (background-free), clear, muddy, and green algae-covered backgrounds.

ANAC044 orchestrates mitochondrial stress signaling to trigger iron-induced stem cell death in root meristems.

While iron (Fe) is essential for life and plays important roles for almost all growth related processes, it can trigger cell death in both animals and plants. However, the underlying mechanisms for Fe-induced cell death in plants remain largely unknown. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) has previously been reported to regulate nitric oxide homeostasis to prevent Fe-induced cell death within root meristems.

MicroRNA analysis reveals two modules that antagonistically regulate xylem tracheary element development in Arabidopsis.

Tracheary elements (TEs) are vital in the transport of various substances and contribute to plant growth. The differentiation of TEs is complex and regulated by a variety of microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the dynamic changes in miRNAs during each stage of TE differentiation remain unclear, and the miRNA regulatory network is not yet complete.

The ecdysone-induced bZIP transcription factor MafB establishes a positive feedback loop to enhance vitellogenesis and reproduction in the mosquito.

Female mosquitoes require a vertebrate blood meal to activate reproduction, transmitting numerous devastating human diseases. Vitellogenesis is a central event of female reproduction that involves the massive production of vitellogenin (Vg) in the fat body and the maturation of ovaries. This process is controlled by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E); however, its molecular regulatory basis remains not completely understood.

Microbe-mediated synthesis of defect-rich CeO nanoparticles with oxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of L-penicillamine and glutathione.

To enhance production efficiency, curtail costs, and minimize environmental impact, developing simple and sustainable nanozyme synthesis methods has been the focus of relevant research. In this report, graphite-coated CeO nanoparticles (CeO NPs) with multiple defects (Ce defects, oxygen vacancies and carbon defects) were synthesized the culture filtrate of the extremely radioresistant bacterium R12 ( R12). The as-prepared CeO NPs exhibit remarkable oxidase (OXD)-like activity, efficiently catalyzing the oxidation of the chromogenic substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to form oxTMB, even in the absence of HO.

Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Ring Opening of Oxabenzonorbornadienes via Domino Aminopalladation of Alkynylanilines.

We report herein a robust enantioselective ring opening coupling of oxabenzonorbornadienes via Pd(II)-catalyzed domino cyclization of alkynylanilines, which features the formation of three covalent bonds and two contiguous stereocenters with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivity and a broad substrate scope. The good functional group tolerance of this domino desymmetrization strategy enables efficient late-stage transformation of natural product-derived alkynylanilines. The resulting indolated dihydronaphthols could serve as a valuable platform to streamline the diversity-oriented synthesis of other valuable enantioenriched tetrahydronaphthalene derivatives.

Saponin components exhibit antiviral properties against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus .

Piglets afflicted with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) experience severe diarrhea and elevated death rates, leading to substantial financial losses in the pig farming sector. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of saponins on PEDV within Vero cells by utilizing different methodologies to evaluate their anti-PEDV effect. By producing 40 saponins, we have discovered that No.

Late-stage C-H trifluoroacetylation of quinoxaline-2(1)-ones using masked trifluoroacyl reagents.

A strategy for trifluoroacetylation of quinoxaline-2(1)-ones has been investigated. This strategy employs masked trifluoroacyl reagents to obtain trifluoroacetylated quinoxaline-2(1)-ones under metal-, catalyst-, and light-free conditions. This approach is distinguished by its functional group compatibility and tolerance, as well as the simplicity of the experimental process, making it suitable for gram-scale synthesis.

sp. SI-NJAU-1 and Its Mutant Strain with Excretion-Ammonium Capability Promote Plant Growth through Biological Nitrogen Fixation.

Legumes are well-known for symbiotic nitrogen fixation, whereas associative nitrogen fixation for nonlegume plants needs more attention. Most associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria are applied in their original plant species and need further study for broad adaptation. Additionally, if isolated nitrogen-fixing bacteria could function under fertilizer conditions, it is often ignored.

Non-Additive Gene Expression in Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism Drives Growth Heterosis in Populus deltoides.

Growth heterosis is crucial for Populus deltoides breeding, a key industrial-timber and ecological-construction tree species in temperate regions. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying carbon (C)-nitrogen (N) metabolism coordination in regulating growth heterosis remain unclear. Herein high-hybrids of P.