Food intake and dietary patterns that affect urinary sodium excretion in young women.

We aimed to clarify food intake and dietary patterns that affect urinary sodium excretion (urinary salt excretion) among young women. We used 2012 to 2018 data from the health and nutrition testing on admission, which is a part of ongoing epidemiological studies, for students enrolling in the Faculty of Nutrition Science, Nakamura Gakuen University. Fasting urine samples were collected from the participants, and their estimated daily salt excretion was calculated using the Tanaka equation.

Increased anxiety-related behavior in mice following β-citronellol inhalation.

β-Citronellol is a monoterpene alcohol found in essential oils of various aromatic plant species. The physiological effects of β-citronellol inhalation on the central nervous system remain unclear. We investigated the effects of β-citronellol inhalation on mouse behavior.

Relationship Between Health Behaviors and Obesity in a Sample of Hawai'i's 4 Most Populous Ethnicities.

Proactive health behavior change and maintenance are essential for preventing obesity and other lifestyle diseases. Few studies have examined the relationship between eating behavior and physical condition among multiethnic samples. In this study, ethnic differences were examined to obtain basic data on health education for improvement of obesity in Hawai'i.

Antioxidant Capacities of Plant-Derived Foods Commonly Consumed in Japan.

To provide reliable data for high quality epidemiological studies examining the relationship between health and antioxidant intake from daily foods, 107 plant-derived food items (12 rice, bread and noodles, 5 potatoes and starches, 9 pulses, 6 nuts/seeds, 29 vegetables, 22 fruits, 5 mushrooms, 7 algae, and 12 beverages) were selected as commonly consumed foods in Japan based on dietary records, and their antioxidant capacities were evaluated by validated hydrophilic- and lipophilic-oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H-ORAC and L-ORAC) methods. The food items covered more than 60% of total food intake for each category on a weight basis. The H-ORAC and L-ORAC values were widely distributed at 0-210 and 0-30 μmol-Trolox equivalent/g, respectively.

Comparative studies of the biological activities of selected herbal extracts and phenolic compounds isolated from Rosa gallica.

This study aimed to compare the biological activities of 35 herbal hydroethanolic extracts and select high potential extract, which showed antioxidative activity and inhibitory activities of α-glucosidase, lipase, and hyaluronidase, and to investigate the isolation, structural elucidation, and biological activities of five phenolic compounds from the selected extracts of Rosa gallica. On the basis of one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance together with the comparison with the literature values, the phenolic compounds were identified as methyl gallate (1), kaempferol-3-O-arabinofuranoside (2), multinoside A acetate (3), kaempferol (4), and quercetin (5), respectively. The results suggest that the extracts from R.

The Major Source of Antioxidants Intake From Typical Diet Among Rural Farmers in North-eastern Japan in the 1990s.

Background: Previous Japanese studies have led to the erroneous conclusion of antioxidant capacity (AOC) intakes of the overall Japanese diet due to limitations in the number and types of food measured, especially in rice and seafood intake. The aims of the study were to construct an AOC database of foods representative of the typical Japanese diet and to clarify the high contributors to AOC intake from the overall diet of the Japanese population.

Methods: Commonly consumed foods were estimated using 3-day dietary records (DRs) over the four seasons among 55 men and 58 women in Japan.

Serum elaidic acid concentration and risk of dementia: The Hisayama Study.

Objective: The associations between trans fatty acids and dementia have been unclear. We investigated the prospective association between serum elaidic acid (trans 18:1 n-9) levels, as an objective biomarker for industrial trans fat, and incident dementia and its subtypes.

Methods: In total, 1,628 Japanese community residents aged 60 and older without dementia were followed prospectively from when they underwent a screening examination in 2002-2003 to November 2012 (median 10.

Kanechlor 500-mediated changes in serum and hepatic thyroxine levels primarily occur in a transthyretin-unrelated manner.

The effects of Kanechlor-500 (KC500) on the levels of serum total thyroxine (T ) and hepatic T in wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) and its transthyretin (TTR)-deficient (TTR-null) mice were comparatively examined. Four days after a single intraperitoneal injection with KC500 (100 mg/kg body weight), serum total T levels were significantly decreased in both WT and TTR-null mice. The KC500 pretreatment also promoted serum [ I]T clearance in both strains of mice administrated with [ I]T , and the promotion of serum [ I]T clearance in WT mice occurred without inhibition of the [ I]T -TTR complex formation.

Attenuation Effects of Alpha-Pinene Inhalation on Mice with Dizocilpine-Induced Psychiatric-Like Behaviour.

-Pinene, an organic terpene compound found in coniferous trees, is used as a safe food additive and is contained in many essential oils. Moreover, some studies have shown that -pinene suppresses neuronal activity. In this study, we investigated whether inhalation of -pinene suppresses dizocilpine (MK-801-) induced schizophrenia-like behavioural abnormalities in mice.

Dietary Intake and Energy Expenditure During Two Different Phases of Athletic Training in Female Collegiate Lacrosse Players.

Kumahara, H, Ohta, C, Nabeshima, E, Nakayama, A, Mine, S, and Yamato, T. Dietary intake and energy expenditure during two different phases of athletic training in female collegiate lacrosse players. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1547-1554, 2020-This study aims to investigate the state of nutrient intake and energy expenditure (EE) among various phases of periodization in female collegiate lacrosse players.

Appendicular muscle mass and exercise/sports participation history in young Japanese women.

It remains unclear how past exercise habits can affect the skeletal muscle mass in adulthood in Japanese populations. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the association of appendicular muscle mass (AMM) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) with the history of exercise and/or physical activity participation in Japanese women. One hundred and twenty females, aged between 18 and 28 years old, participated in the present investigation.

Intake of Coffee Associated With Decreased Depressive Symptoms Among Elderly Japanese Women: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Depression in elderly people is a major global concern around the world. Epidemiological evidence of the association of beverages with depressive symptoms has received research attention; however, epidemiological studies on the association of coffee and green tea consumption with depressive symptoms among the elderly population are limited. The objective of this study is to cross-sectionally examine the association of depressive symptoms with the intake of coffee, green tea, and caffeine and to verify the antidepressant effect of caffeine.

Dairy consumption and risk of functional disability in an elderly Japanese population: the Hisayama Study.

Background: Little is known about the association between dairy intake and risk of functional disability in the elderly.

Objectives: We examined the influence of dairy intake on the development of declining functional capacity and activities of daily living (ADL) in a prospective cohort study of an elderly population.

Methods: A total of 859 community-dwelling Japanese residents, aged ≥65 y without functional disability, were followed up for 7 y.

A self-monitoring urinary salt excretion level measurement device for educating young women about salt reduction: A parallel randomized trial involving two groups.

To prevent and treat hypertension, it is important to restrict salt in one's diet since adolescence. However, an effective salt-reduction education system has yet to be established. Besides accurate evaluation, we believe that the frequent usage of a measurement device may motivate individuals to avoid high salt intake.

Comprehensive behavioral study of the effects of vanillin inhalation in mice.

Vanillin is widely used in food and cosmetics, among other substances, for its sweet smell. However, the neuropsychological effects of vanillin inhalation have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of vanillin inhalation on mouse behavior.

Individual and Household Risk Factors for Severe Acute Malnutrition among Under-Five Children in the Analamanga Region, Madagascar.

Background And Objectives: Despite some progress made in the fight against malnutrition in Madagascar, hospitals' mortality due to severe acute malnutrition (SAM) remains high. This study explores the risk factors for SAM among children hospitalized with SAM in the Analamanga region of Madagascar.

Methods: We conducted an interview based qualitative study of 14 mothers of under-five children with SAM admitted to the hospital's pediatric unit and living in the Analamanga region.

The Association between Self-Reported Difficulty of Food Access and Nutrient Intake among Middle-Aged and Older Residents in a Rural Area of Japan.

We investigated the association of self-reported difficulty of food access, accounting for the perception of food-store accessibility, with nutrient intake among 474 inhabitants (145 men and 329 women) aged ≥40 y in a rural area of Japan. Information on self-reported difficulty of food access and dietary intake was obtained via a self-administrated questionnaire. Analysis of covariance was performed to evaluate the adjusted associations between difficulty of food access and percentages of total energy (i.

Individual variations in steps per day for meeting physical activity guidelines in young adult women.

Cross-sectional studies have found a correlation between the duration or volume of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and steps per day (STEP), but there is little information on why this relationship varies among individuals. No previous research has established whether STEP can be used to estimate the duration of physical activity (PA) at or above lactate threshold (≥LT), such as for maintaining cardiorespiratory fitness. This study explored the association among STEP, MVPA indices, and ≥LT under free-living conditions.

Anti-depressive-like effect of 2-phenylethanol inhalation in mice.

Rose oil has traditionally been used to treat psychiatric disorders, but the scientific basis of this treatment remains poorly understood. The main odor component of rose oil is 2-phenylethanol (2-PE), but the neuropsychological effects of 2-PE have not been investigated in detail. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of 2-PE on mouse behavior.

Quantities of Phospholipid Molecular Classes in Japanese Meals and Prediction of Their Sources by Multiple Regression Analysis.

Dietary intake of total phospholipids (PLs) accounts for approximately 10% of total dietary lipids. Each PL molecular class has various beneficial effects on health. However, limited information is available regarding the intake of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and sphingomyelin (SM) among Japanese people, and the relevant food sources.