sp. nov., sp. nov., sp. nov. and gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human faeces.

Small, obligately anaerobic strains 13CB8C, 13CB11C, 13CB18C and 13GAM1G were isolated from a faecal sample in a patient with Parkinson's disease with a history of duodenal resection. After conducting a comprehensive polyphasic taxonomic analysis including genomic analysis, we propose the establishment of one new genus and four new species. The novel bacteria are sp.

generation of dual-target compounds using artificial intelligence.

Drugs that interact with multiple therapeutic targets are potential high-value products in polypharmacology-based drug discovery, but the rational design remains a formidable challenge. Here, we present artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods to design the chemical structures of compounds that interact with multiple therapeutic target proteins. The molecular structure generation is performed by a fragment-based approach using a genetic algorithm with chemical substructures and a deep learning approach using reinforcement learning with stochastic policy gradients in the framework of generative adversarial networks.

Corticosteroid therapy and long-term outcomes in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis stratified by left ventricular ejection fraction.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between corticosteroid therapy and long-term outcomes in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis, stratified by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at diagnosis.

Methods And Results: This study conducted a analysis of the ILLUstration of the Management and prognosIs of JapaNese PATiEnts with Cardiac Sarcoidosis, a retrospective multicentre registry. Cardiac sarcoidosis was diagnosed based on the 2016 Japanese Circulation Society and 2014 Heart Rhythm Society criteria.

Efficient Data Sampling Scheme to Reduce Acquisition Time in Statistical ALCHEMI.

The distribution of dopants in host crystals significantly influences the chemical and electronic properties of materials. Therefore, determining this distribution is crucial for optimizing material performance. The previously developed statistical ALCHEMI (St-ALCHEMI), an extension of the atom-location by channeling-enhanced microanalysis (ALCHEMI) technique, utilizes variations in electron channeling based on the beam direction relative to the crystal orientation.

Fabrication of phospholipid polymer-modified alginate hydrogels for bioartificial pancreas.

The bioartificial pancreas, composed of a semi-permeable hydrogel encapsulating insulin-secreting cells, has attracted attention as a treatment for type 1 diabetes. In this study, we developed phospholipid polymer-modified alginate hydrogel beads that encapsulated spheroids of the pancreatic beta cell line MIN6. The hydrogel beads were composed of methacrylated alginic acid, which enabled both ionic and covalent cross-linking, resulting in a hydrogel that was more stable than conventional alginate hydrogels.

Evaluation of the risk factors for postoperative pectus excavatum and scoliosis in cystic lung disease.

Purpose: To analyze the frequency and predictive factors of the development of postoperative pectus excavatum and scoliosis in children who underwent surgery for cystic lung disease.

Methods: This study examined patients who underwent surgery for cystic lung disease (open and thoracoscopic) between July 2000 and December 2018 with a > 3-year follow-up period. Lesion size, surgical outcomes, and subsequent musculoskeletal complications were compared between the open surgery and thoracoscopic surgery groups.

Additives-Modified Electrodeposition for Synthesis of Hydrophobic Cu/CuO with Ag Single Atoms to Drive CO Electroreduction.

Copper-based electrocatalysts are recognized as crucial catalysts for CO electroreduction into multi-carbon products. However, achieving copper-based electrocatalysts with adjustable valences via one-step facile synthesis remains a challenge. In this study, Cu/CuO heterostructure is constructed by adjusting the anion species of the Cu ions-containing electrolyte during electrodeposition synthesis.

The Three-Class Annotation Method Improves the AI Detection of Early-Stage Osteosarcoma on Plain Radiographs: A Novel Approach for Rare Cancer Diagnosis.

: Developing high-performance artificial intelligence (AI) models for rare diseases is challenging owing to limited data availability. This study aimed to evaluate whether a novel three-class annotation method for preparing training data could enhance AI model performance in detecting osteosarcoma on plain radiographs compared to conventional single-class annotation. : We developed two annotation methods for the same dataset of 468 osteosarcoma X-rays and 378 normal radiographs: a conventional single-class annotation (1C model) and a novel three-class annotation method (3C model) that separately labeled intramedullary, cortical, and extramedullary tumor components.

The Association of Dining Companionship with Energy and Nutrient Intake Among Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults.

Background: Community-dwelling older adults are at risk of malnutrition due to age-related declines in energy and nutrient intake. While the positive effect of dining companions on energy and nutrient intake has been suggested, evidence remains inconclusive. This study investigated the association between the number of dining companions and energy and nutrient intake, as well as the contribution of specific food groups to higher intake in the presence of dining companions.

Heptamethine Cyanine Dye-Doped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Electrodes for Improving Performance of HTL-Free Perovskite Solar Cells.

Perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology holds great promise with continuously improving power conversion efficiency; however, the use of metal electrodes hinders its commercialization and the development of tandem designs. Although single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), as one-dimensional materials, have the potential to replace metal electrodes in PSCs, their poor conductivity still limits their application. In this study, the near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing anionic heptamethine cyanine dye-doped SWCNTs functioned in a dual role as an efficient charge-selective layer and electrode in PSCs.

Clinical effect of ventricular entry during resection of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma: A multi-institutional analysis.

Purpose: Glioblastomas contacting the subventricular zone (SVZ) are associated with poor prognosis and the impact of ventricular entry (VE) during resection remains controversial. Since glioblastomas with SVZ involvement often require VE, both SVZ involvement and VE are confounding factors. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of VE during glioblastoma resection by comparing patients with and without SVZ involvement.

Structural insight into sodium ion pathway in the bacterial flagellar stator from marine .

Many bacteria swim in liquid or swarm on surface using the flagellum rotated by a motor driven by specific ion flow. The motor consists of the rotor and stator, and the stator converts the energy of ion flow to mechanical rotation. However, the ion pathway and the mechanism of stator rotation coupled with specific ion flow are still obscure.

Selective adsorption of unmethylated DNA on ZnO nanowires for separation of methylated DNA.

DNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic modification used as a biomarker for early cancer progression. However, existing methods for DNA methylation analysis are complex, time-consuming, and prone to DNA degradation. This work demonstrates selective capture of unmethylated DNAs using ZnO nanowires without chemical or biological modifications, thereby concentrating methylated DNA, particularly those with high methylation levels that can predict cancer risk.

Does sound symbolism need sound?: The role of articulatory movement in detecting iconicity between sound and meaninga).

Ever since de Saussure [Course in General Lingustics (Columbia University Press, 1916)], theorists of language have assumed that the relation between form and meaning of words is arbitrary. However, recently, a body of empirical research has established that language is embodied and contains iconicity. Sound symbolism, an intrinsic link language users perceive between word sound and properties of referents, is a representative example of iconicity in language and has offered profound insights into theories of language pertaining to language processing, language acquisition, and evolution.

Evolutionarily Developed Alternatively Spliced Exons Containing Translation Initiation Sites.

Alternative splicing is essential for the generation of various protein isoforms that are involved in cell differentiation and tissue development. In addition to internal coding exons, alternative splicing affects the exons with translation initiation codons; however, little is known about these exons. Here, we performed a systematic classification of human alternative exons using coding information.

Sex-specific association of comorbid heart failure on mortality after Alzheimer's disease diagnosis in older adults aged 75 years and above: A health insurance claims data analysis in Japan.

Background: Research on the influence of heart failure on mortality after Alzheimer's disease diagnosis is limited.

Objective: To evaluate the association between comorbid heart failure and mortality following Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, particularly considering sex differences.

Methods: We analyzed administrative claims data from Japan, involving 32,363 individuals (11,064 men and 21,299 women) aged 75 or older newly diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, with 7% having comorbid heart failure.

Robot-Assisted Complex Anatomical Segmentectomy Using Resection Process Map.

We present a case of robot-assisted complex anatomical segmentectomy utilizing Resection Process Map (RPM) software. RPM enables the confirmation of internal structures obscured by lung parenchyma, thereby reducing the risk of injury or misidentification to essential structures. It facilitates an accurate understanding of anatomy beyond processed vessels, fostering collaboration among the surgical team and informed discussions.

Successful Treatment of Multiple Systemic Artery-to-Pulmonary Artery Fistulas.

Systemic artery-to-pulmonary artery fistula (SAPAF) is an uncommon abnormal vascular connection between systemic and pulmonary arteries. SAPAF with 3 or more inflow vessels has rarely been reported. The definitive diagnosis is made by selective arterial angiography, but 3-dimensional computed tomography angiography is useful for delineating abnormal vessels.

Extralobar Pulmonary Sequestration Diagnosed as a Mediastinal Tumor and Resected by Robotic Surgery.

A 55-year-old woman with no significant medical history or symptoms was incidentally diagnosed with a mediastinal tumor during a routine health checkup. The intraoperative findings of robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery led to the diagnosis of extralobar pulmonary sequestration (EPS), with multiple vessels connecting to the pulmonary artery and superior pulmonary vein. EPS, an extremely rare condition, is typically supplied with blood from the aorta.

Electrochemical oxidative dearomatization of electron-deficient phenols using Br/Br catalysis.

An electrochemical method for the oxidative dearomatization of electron-deficient phenols by employing tetrabutylammonium bromide as a mediator under aqueous biphasic conditions is reported. This approach represents a safer alternative to the use of stoichiometric chemical oxidants and enables oxidative dearomative spirolactonization and spiroetherification reactions. Compared to previous approaches based on direct electrolysis, this strategy expands the substrate scope to electron-deficient phenols.

Stage-specific efficacy of osimertinib in treatment-naïve EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer according to baseline genetic alterations in circulating tumor DNA.

The impact of clinical stage on the effectiveness of osimertinib for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unexamined. We investigated osimertinib therapeutic efficacy variation between stage IVA or lower and stage IVB EGFR mutation-positive lung cancers, focusing on differences in pretreatment co-occurring genetic alterations in circulating tumor DNA. This was a secondary analysis of the ELUCIDATOR study, a multicenter prospective observational study in Japan that assessed the mechanisms underlying resistance to osimertinib as a first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC with EGFR mutations.

The importance of clinical experience in AI-assisted corneal diagnosis: verification using intentional AI misleading.

We developed an AI system capable of automatically classifying anterior eye images as either normal or indicative of corneal diseases. This study aims to investigate the influence of AI's misleading guidance on ophthalmologists' responses. This cross-sectional study included 30 cases each of infectious and immunological keratitis.

Sleep Deprivation Elevates Resting and Exercise Blood Pressures and Augments Pressor Response at Exercise Onset.

Purpose: Sleep deprivation and elevated blood pressure (BP) increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects of sleep deprivation on BP response, especially at exercise onset remain unclear. We aimed to elucidate the effects of experimental sleep deprivation (ESD) on resting and exercise BPs, including that at exercise onset, and investigate whether a night-time nap during ESD changes the ESD-altered BP.

Prediction of cccDNA dynamics in hepatitis B patients by a combination of serum surrogate markers.

Quantification of intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is a key for evaluating an elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in infected patients. However, quantifying cccDNA requires invasive methods such as a liver biopsy, which makes it impractical to access the dynamics of cccDNA in patients. Although HBV RNA and HBV core-related antigens (HBcrAg) have been proposed as surrogate markers for evaluating cccDNA activity, they do not necessarily estimate the amount of cccDNA.