Associations of overweight and obesity with the risk of cardiovascular disease according to metabolic risk factors among middle-aged Japanese workers: The Aichi Workers' cohort study.

Background: The association between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear, particularly for those with established CVD risk factors. We analyzed follow-up data from the Aichi Workers' Cohort Study. We studied the association between the degree of obesity and risk of CVD and its subtypes specifically among individuals with hypertension, hyper-low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterolemia, or diabetes.

Association of psychological factors with advanced-level functional competency: Findings from the Aichi workers' cohort study, 2002-2019.

Objective: This study examined the longitudinal association of perceived stress, and having someone one can count on in middle age with the advanced-level functional competency in older age, which is crucial for the maintenance of independent life among older adults. The issue is especially relevant in super-aged countries like contemporary Japan, where more and more older people live in a household consisting only of older people.

Methods: Data were collected in 2019 from a total of 1692 retirees of the Aichi Workers' Cohort Study participants in which baseline survey including psychological factors was conducted during their employment in 2002.

[Associations between labor-related and socioeconomic factors and unmet healthcare needs among working women stratified by employment status].

Objectives　Using a nationally representative dataset, this study aimed to analyze associations between labor-related and socioeconomic factors and unmet healthcare needs among working women, stratified by employment status.Methods　Secondary data analyses were conducted on the data extracted for 639 working women, aged 20 to 65 years, from the 2,496-person dataset of the Japanese General Social Survey 2010 (JGSS-2010). First, unmet healthcare needs, labor-related factors (occupation, years of employment, working hours, and company size), and socioeconomic factors (age, marital status, number of children under 15 years age, education, and equivalent disposable income) were cross-tabulated by employment status.

Health care seeking behaviors regarding maternal care and the associated factors among married women in Naung Cho Township, Myanmar.

The aim of this study was to find associated factors with maternal health care seeking behaviors in a rural area in Myanmar. Married women who had delivered during the previous 12 months in Naung Cho Township were targeted and were sampled by three-stage sampling. Face-to-face interviews were performed using a structured questionnaire.

Associations between social support and access to healthcare among Filipino women living in Japan.

This study investigated associations between social support and access to healthcare among Filipino women living in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. A cross-sectional design was used. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to Filipino women and collected 342 valid responses.

Factors associated with access to health care among foreign residents living in Aichi Prefecture, Japan: secondary data analysis.

Background: In Japan, foreign residents, and particularly new arrivals in the country, experience barriers to health care and show poorer health outcomes when compared to Japanese nationals. The health-care-related situation for foreign residents in Japan has been characterized by drastic changes over time; thus, there is difficulty identifying individuals who are "left behind" by the system. In this study, we aimed to identify, among foreign residents who attended informal free medical consultations, factors associated with "being advised to visit a medical facility" and "being referred to a medical facility," which represented hypothetical proxy indicators of barriers to health care.

Brief collaborative care intervention to reduce perceived unmet needs in highly distressed breast cancer patients: randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Our newly developed brief collaborative care intervention program has been suggested to be effective in reducing breast cancer patients' unmet needs and psychological distress; however, there has been no controlled trial to investigate its effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the program in relation to patients' perceived needs and other relevant outcomes for patients including quality of life, psychological distress and fear of recurrence (Clinical trial register; UMIN-CTR, Clinical registration number; R5172).

Methods: Fifty-nine highly distressed breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy were randomly assigned either to a treatment as usual group or to a collaborative care intervention, consisting of four sessions that mainly included assessment of the patients' perceived needs, learning skills of problem-solving treatment for coping with unmet needs and psycho-education provided by trained nurses supervised by a psycho-oncologist.

Does Laughter Predict Onset of Functional Disability and Mortality Among Older Japanese Adults? The JAGES Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: While laughter is broadly recognized as a good medicine, a potential preventive effect of laughter on disability and death is still being debated. Accordingly, we investigated the association between the frequency of laughter and onset of functional disability and all-cause mortality among the older adults in Japan.

Methods: The data for a 3-year follow-up cohort including 14,233 individuals (50.

Effectiveness of the Japanese standard family psychoeducation on the mental health of caregivers of young adults with schizophrenia: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: This study examined the effects of the standard model of family psychoeducation (SM-FPE) in Japan on the mental health of relatives who care for young patients with a psychotic disorder.

Methods: Stratified by recent-onset/chronic psychosis, 74 caregivers of outpatients aged 30.1 years (mean) were randomly assigned to receive TAU (treatment as usual) alone or TAU plus SM-FPE.

Mass media exposure and childhood diarrhea: a secondary analysis of the 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey.

In order to reduce child mortality, recommendations for diarrhea management practices have been widely promoted by various methods, including mass media. This study examined whether mother's exposure to mass media was associated with child's diarrhea, and with the diarrhea management practiced by their mothers. Data on 7,068 women, whose youngest child was under five years old, were extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2011, together with information on the child.

Smartphone problem-solving and behavioural activation therapy to reduce fear of recurrence among patients with breast cancer (SMartphone Intervention to LEssen fear of cancer recurrence: SMILE project): protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: One of the most common distressing conditions experienced by breast cancer survivors is fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). There is, however, no standard intervention for ameliorating FCR. Our clinical experience and previous studies have suggested the potential benefits of problem-solving therapy (PST) and behavioural activation (BA).

Factors determining parenting stress in mothers of children with atopic dermatitis.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) influences a child's emotional and social well-being, as well as his or her physical health. The influence of AD on the daily lives of parents and caregivers has also been documented. This study examined how parenting stress is affected by demographic background, characteristics of children's AD, and their family systems.

Knowledge of rabies and dog-related behaviors among people in Siem Reap Province, Cambodia.

Background: The rabies incidence and number of dogs in Cambodia are much higher than in nearby countries. Knowledge and behaviors which are related to rabies and/or dogs are considered to be contributing factors for rabies infection control in the community; however, such information in rural Cambodia is limited. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess knowledge and experiences related to rabies as well as dog-related behaviors among people in Siem Reap Province, and to identify the specific factors associated with adequate knowledge.

Brief multifamily Psychoeducation for family members of patients with chronic major depression: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and often chronic problem. Patients with chronic MDD often have negative impacts on the health of their families. Family psychoeducation is recognized as part of the optimal treatment for patients with psychotic disorder, and has been shown to reduce the rate of relapse in individuals with schizophrenia and to reduce the burden on their caregivers.

A kit ligand, stem cell factor as a possible mediator inducing overactive bladder.

Objective: To investigate whether c-kit ligand, stem cell factor (SCF) affects the biological behavior of overactive bladder (OAB) and discuss the role of SCF as a possible mediator inducing OAB.

Materials And Methods: First, we performed an immunohistochemical study to examine the localization of SCF in the guinea pig and human bladder. Next, urinary SCF levels were measured in patients with OAB and in control subjects to evaluate a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of OAB.

[Continuation Participation Factor to Interchange Activity Such as the Golden Age Club of the Elderly Man].

The present study examined exchange activities, such as the elderly club(hereinafter referred to as"exchange activities"). In older men who continued their participation, we clarified the factors that enabled them to continue participation and provided opportunity to have participated in the"exchange activities."Data were collected from semi-structured interviews and analyzed.

Development of a Japanese Culturally Modified Version of the Childhood Atopic Dermatitis Impact Scale (JCMV-CADIS).

Background: The Childhood Atopic Dermatitis Impact Scale (CADIS) was developed to measure the impact of AD on QoL in both affected children and their families. However, no scale of this kind exists in Japan. The aims of this study were to validate the Japanese Culturally Modified Version of the CADIS (JCMV-CADIS) and to describe the family impact of children with AD in a Japanese context.

Effectiveness of a psycho-oncology training program for oncology nurses: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Oncology nurses are expected to play an important role in psychosocial care for cancer patients. The aim of this study was to examine whether a novel training program aimed at enhancing oncology nurses' ability to assess and manage common psychological problems in cancer patients would improve participants' self-reported confidence, knowledge, and attitudes regarding care of patients with common psychological problems (trial register: UMIN000008559).

Methods: Oncology nurses were assigned randomly to either the intervention group (N = 50) or the waiting list control group (N = 46).

A mindfulness-based stress management program and treatment with omega-3 fatty acids to maintain a healthy mental state in hospital nurses (Happy Nurse Project): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: It is reported that nursing is one of the most vulnerable jobs for developing depression. While they may not be clinically diagnosed as depressed, nurses often suffer from depression and anxiety symptoms, which can lead to a low level of patient care. However, there is no rigorous evidence base for determining an effective prevention strategy for these symptoms in nurses.

Variations in respiratory excretion of carbon dioxide can be used to calculate pulmonary blood flow.

Background: A non-invasive means of measuring pulmonary blood flow (PBF) would have numerous benefits in medicine. Traditionally, respiratory-based methods require breathing maneuvers, partial rebreathing, or foreign gas mixing because exhaled CO2 volume on a per-breath basis does not accurately represent alveolar exchange of CO2. We hypothesized that if the dilutional effect of the functional residual capacity was accounted for, the relationship between the calculated volume of CO2 removed per breath and the alveolar partial pressure of CO2 would be reversely linear.

Cost-effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia comorbid with depression: Analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Aim: Although the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia has been confirmed, dissemination depends on the balance of benefits and costs. This study aimed to examine the cost-effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia consisting of four weekly individual sessions.

Methods: We conducted a 4-week randomized controlled trial with a 4-week follow up in outpatient clinics in Japan.

Multifamily psychoeducation for improvement of mental health among relatives of patients with major depressive disorder lasting more than one year: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a long-lasting disorder with frequent relapses that have significant effects on the patient's family. Family psychoeducation is recognized as part of the optimal treatment for patients with psychotic disorder. A previous randomized controlled trial has found that family psychoeducation is effective in enhancing the treatment of MDD.

A failure to confirm the effectiveness of a brief group psychoeducational program for mothers of children with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorders: a randomized controlled pilot trial.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of group psychoeducation to relieve the psychological distress of mothers of children with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorders (HFPDD) and to improve the behaviors of the children.

Methods: Seventy-two mothers of preschool outpatients with HFPDD were randomly assigned to a four-session brief group psychoeducational program (GP). The sessions were held every second week in addition to the usual treatment (GP + treatment as usual [TAU] group), or to a TAU-alone group.

Prevalence of sexual victimization and correlates of forced sex in Japanese men who have sex with men.

Studies of men who have sex with men (MSM) in diverse geographic and cultural contexts have identified health challenges affecting this population. MSM might be particularly vulnerable to sexual victimization and forced sex. The aim of this research study was to examine prevalence of sexual victimization and correlates of forced sex among Japanese MSM.

Change in quality of life after brief behavioral therapy for insomnia in concurrent depression: analysis of the effects of a randomized controlled trial.

Study Objectives: The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) has been suggested for insomnia concomitant with depression, but its impact on quality of life (QoL) has not been adequately evaluated. The study aimed to determine which aspects of QoL could be affected by CBT-I and how any changes in QoL were mediated by changes in insomnia and depression.

Methods: We conducted a 4-week randomized controlled trial with 4-week follow-up in outpatient clinics in Japan.