A Case of Diffuse Sclerosing Osteomyelitis (DSO) Initially Diagnosed as Bacterial Mandibular Osteomyelitis and Successfully Treated With Bisphosphonate Administration (Ibandronate).

Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis (DSO) is a non-bacterial disease of the jawbone, characterized by intermittent pain, swelling, and a mixture of osteosclerosis and osteolysis on radiographs. Its etiology remains unclear, and a standard treatment, based on clear diagnostic criteria, has not been established. We present the case of a 48-year-old male patient, who was initially diagnosed with chronic mandibular osteomyelitis due to apical periodontitis in the right lower second premolar, and underwent antimicrobial medication and surgical therapy based on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and bone scintigraphy.

Epidemiology of Yellow Fever in Nigeria: Analysis of Climatic, Ecological, Socio-Demographic, and Clinical Factors Associated with Viral Positivity Among Suspected Cases Using National Surveillance Data, 2017-2023.

Background: Since its resurgence in 2017, Yellow fever (YF) outbreaks have continued to occur in Nigeria despite routine immunization and the implementation of several reactive mass vaccinations. Nigeria, Africa's most populous endemic country, is considered a high-priority country for implementing the End Yellow fever Epidemics strategy.

Methods: This retrospective analysis described the epidemiological profile, trends, and factors associated with Yellow fever viral positivity in Nigeria.

Association between health-related quality of life and perioperative exercise capacity in older postoperative patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Lung cancer represents a significant global health concern and constitutes the primary cause of cancer-related mortality. Complete surgical resection with curative intent remains the most efficacious treatment modality for improving the survival rate of patients with localized lung cancer. Average life expectancy has increased in many countries, and the number of older patients undergoing surgery has increased.

A Case of Eltrombopag-Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy Initiating Hemodialysis.

Thrombopoietin receptor agonists are used in addition to steroids for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. A 55-year-old male with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, treated with eltrombopag, developed a rapid decline in renal function following the increase in eltrombopag dose. Renal biopsy showed glomerular endothelial disorder and platelet thrombus, which suggested eltrombopag-induced renal-limited thrombotic microangiopathy.

Transcriptome analysis of human oral squamous cancer SAS cells as an early response after boron neutron capture therapy.

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is based on nuclear reactions between thermal neutron and boron-10 preferentially distributed in the cancer cells. B-boronophenylalanine (BPA) is the approved drug for treatment of oral cancers for BNCT. However, the predictive biomarkers to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and side-effects have not been clarified yet.

Unfolded protein response modulates Tyrosinase levels and melanin production during melanogenesis.

Background: Melanocytes protect the body from ultraviolet radiation by synthesizing melanin. Tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanin production, accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during melanin synthesis, potentially causing ER stress. However, regulating ER function for melanin synthesis has been less studied than controlling Tyrosinase activity.

Comparison of oncological outcomes between extended and no pelvic lymph node dissection in patients with high- or very high-risk prostate cancer: a multi-institutional study.

Background: Despite providing valuable staging and prognostic information, the therapeutic benefit of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) remains uncertain. We sought to assess the effect of extended PLND (ePLND) on the biochemical recurrence (BCR) of patients with National Comprehensive Cancer Net (NCCN) high- or very high-risk prostate cancer treated via robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).

Methods: We used a multi-institutional database (six centers) to assess 989 patients who underwent RARP from 2014 to 2022 with or without ePLND, among which 699 patients underwent BCR analysis.

Sensory processing associated with subcategories of restricted and repetitive behaviors in Japanese children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.

Background: Restricted and repetitive behavior (RRB) is a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The structure of RRB subcategories and their relationship with atypical sensory processing in Japan are not well understood. This study examined subcategories of the RRB in Japanese children with ASD and explored their relationship with sensory processing.

Occlusion of Dorsalis Pedis Artery in an Athlete.

A 17-year-old Japanese boy was admitted to our hospital with intermittent claudication. He belonged to a weightlifting team at a high school. He had occasionally dropped lightweight lifting weights on his right foot.

Quality of Life in Adults with Atopic Dermatitis in Relation to Disease Severity: Nationwide Data in Japan.

Introduction: The impact of atopic dermatitis (AD) on daily life and different levels of quality of life (QOL) according to AD severity has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to assess QOL in relation to the AD severity in Japan.

Methods: This observational study used anonymized data of health insurance association members and their families registered to a mobile health app.

Characteristics and long-term health outcomes of the first domestic COVID-19 outbreak cases in Da Nang, Vietnam: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Vietnam experienced the first COVID-19 domestic outbreak due to the Wuhan strain (B.1.1) in Da Nang from July 2020.

Living Donor Liver Transplantation with Small Left Lobe Grafts: Prospective Validation of Utility of Splenectomy in Selected Recipients.

BACKGROUND We previously reported that the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score and donor age are risk factors for small-for-size syndrome in adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) involving small grafts. Since April 2021, we have performed splenectomy as a portal inflow modulation in LDLT using small grafts according to the presence of risk factors. In this study, we evaluated the validity of our splenectomy strategies for optimizing graft outcomes.

A Crossover Trial of a Novel Toothbrushing Method for Prevention of Aspiration Pneumonia: Toothpaste With Povidone-Iodine and Moisturizing Gel Mixture.

Introduction: Toothbrushing, during which dental plaque is brushed off into the oral cavity, can increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia in older adults and intubated patients.

Methods: This study examined brushing methods to prevent the spread of bacteria in the oral cavity. Six participants who required assistance with brushing received toothbrushing from a dental hygienist.

Menstrual variations of sleep-wake rhythms in healthy women.

The ovarian steroid hormones, estrogen and progesterone, the levels of which fluctuate dynamically with the estrous cycle, alter circadian behavioral rhythms in mammals. However, it remains unclear whether the sleep-wake rhythm fluctuates with the menstrual cycle in humans. To ascertain the relationship between the menstrual cycle and sleep-wake rhythms, we evaluated the objective and long-term sleep-wake rhythms of ten healthy women using a recently developed wearable device.

Refractory and Relapsing Laryngeal Edema Possibly Associated With Chronic Tonsillitis and Mycoplasma Infection, Requiring Reintubation and Tracheostomy.

Relapsing epiglottitis has rarely been reported, and its etiology is not well established. A 44-year-old previously healthy Japanese man presented with a quickly progressing choking sensation. He had been experiencing refractory and relapsing laryngeal edema and probably acute epiglottitis (three episodes within 2 weeks), with rash and elevated pancreatic amylase.

Effectiveness for remission maintenance rate and safety of different rituximab regimens for treating anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis in Japan: a J-CANVAS study.

Rituximab (RTX) has been reported to effectively maintain remission in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). In this multicenter study involving 57 patients who achieved remission after 24 weeks, we evaluated the effectiveness of RTX in maintaining remission in patients with AAV. Patients were divided into three groups based on RTX administration: continuous, induction phase-only, and maintenance phase-only groups.

Urolithin A Modulates PER2 Degradation via SIRT1 and Enhances the Amplitude of Circadian Clocks in Human Senescent Cells.

Background/objectives: Circadian clocks are endogenous systems that regulate numerous biological, physiological, and behavioral events in living organisms. Aging attenuates the precision and robustness of circadian clocks, leading to prolonged and dampened circadian gene oscillation rhythms and amplitudes. This study investigated the effects of food-derived polyphenols such as ellagic acid and its metabolites (urolithin A, B, and C) on the aging clock at the cellular level using senescent human fibroblast cells, TIG-3 cells.

Benefits of Liver Volume and Serum Zinc Level Assessment for the Screening of Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients with Child-Pugh Class A Cirrhosis.

: Covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) is associated with decreased quality of life. Detection of Child-Pugh class A is necessary for its early diagnosis. This study aimed to establish a simple diagnostic method of CHE in patients with Child-Pugh class A.

Development of In-Labeled Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting SFTSV Structural Proteins for Molecular Imaging of SFTS Infectious Diseases by SPECT.

No effective vaccines or treatments are currently available for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), a fatal tick-borne infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). This study evaluated the potential of In-labeled anti-SFTSV antibodies targeting SFTSV structural proteins as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging agents for the selective visualization of SFTSV-infected sites. This study used nuclear medicine imaging to elucidate the pathology of SFTS and assess its therapeutic efficacy.

Living Donor Liver Transplantation Using Right Posterior Section Graft in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Patient With Hemophilia: A Case Report.

Background: Liver transplantation is an important treatment option for liver cirrhosis in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. In Japan, the limited number of deceased donors may force the selection of living donor liver transplantation. Appropriate graft selection is the key to success.

Cancer immunotherapy in progress-an overview of the past 130 years.

Since the first approval of an immune-checkpoint inhibitor, we have witnessed the clinical success of cancer immunotherapy. Adoptive T-cell therapy with chimeric antigen-receptor T (CAR-T) cells has shown remarkable efficacy in hematological malignancies. Concurrently with these successes, the cancer immunoediting concept that refined the cancer immunosurveillance concept underpinned the scientific mechanism and reason for past failures, as well as recent breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy.

Support Desired by Parents of Infants With Hearing Impairments Diagnosed Through Newborn Hearing Screening: A Questionnaire-Based Survey.

Objective We aimed to highlight problems faced by parents of infants diagnosed with hearing impairment upon newborn hearing screening (NHS) and to suggest how support might be improved. Methods We distributed a questionnaire to explore difficulties encountered by parents when seeking support, whether they were satisfied with the support, and their unmet needs. We enrolled 101 parents of infants with hearing impairments diagnosed upon NHS (hearing levels: 7.

Long-term impact of molecular epidemiology shifts of methicillin-resistant on severity and mortality of bloodstream infection.

A 2019 nationwide study in Japan revealed the predominant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) types in bloodstream infections (BSIs) to be sequence type (ST)8-carrying SCC type IV (ST8-MRSA-IV) and clonal complex 1-carrying SCC type IV (CC1-MRSA-IV). However, detailed patient characteristics and how these MRSA types evolve over time remain largely unknown. In this long-term single-center study, MRSA strains isolated from blood cultures at Nagasaki University Hospital from 2012 to 2019 were sequenced and analyzed.

Emotional analysis of operating room nurses in acute care hospitals in Japan: insights using ChatGPT.

Aim: This study aimed to explore the emotions of operating room nurses in Japan towards perioperative nursing using generative AI and human analysis, and to identify factors contributing to burnout and turnover.

Methods: A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2023 to February 2024, involving semi-structured interviews with 10 operating room nurses from a national hospital in Japan. Interview transcripts were analyzed using generative AI (ChatGPT-4o) and human researchers for thematic, emotional, and subjectivity analysis.