Development and functional evaluation of a psoralen-conjugated nucleoside mimic for triplex-forming oligonucleotides.

Psoralen-conjugated triplex-forming oligonucleotides (Ps-TFOs) have been employed for the photodynamic regulation of gene expression by the photo-cross-linking of psoralen with the target DNA. However, stable triplex formation requires a consecutive purine base sequence in one strand of the target DNA duplexes. The pyrimidine-base interruption in the consecutive purine base sequence drastically decreases the thermodynamic stability of the corresponding triplex, which hampers the TFO application.

Immune evasion through mitochondrial transfer in the tumour microenvironment.

Cancer cells in the tumour microenvironment use various mechanisms to evade the immune system, particularly T cell attack. For example, metabolic reprogramming in the tumour microenvironment and mitochondrial dysfunction in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) impair antitumour immune responses. However, detailed mechanisms of such processes remain unclear.

A Case of Diffuse Sclerosing Osteomyelitis (DSO) Initially Diagnosed as Bacterial Mandibular Osteomyelitis and Successfully Treated With Bisphosphonate Administration (Ibandronate).

Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis (DSO) is a non-bacterial disease of the jawbone, characterized by intermittent pain, swelling, and a mixture of osteosclerosis and osteolysis on radiographs. Its etiology remains unclear, and a standard treatment, based on clear diagnostic criteria, has not been established. We present the case of a 48-year-old male patient, who was initially diagnosed with chronic mandibular osteomyelitis due to apical periodontitis in the right lower second premolar, and underwent antimicrobial medication and surgical therapy based on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and bone scintigraphy.

Generative Artificial Intelligence in Anatomic Pathology.

Context.—: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in various fields, including anatomic pathology, where it offers the potential to significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy, workflow efficiency, and research capabilities.

Objective.

Epidemiology of Yellow Fever in Nigeria: Analysis of Climatic, Ecological, Socio-Demographic, and Clinical Factors Associated with Viral Positivity Among Suspected Cases Using National Surveillance Data, 2017-2023.

Background: Since its resurgence in 2017, Yellow fever (YF) outbreaks have continued to occur in Nigeria despite routine immunization and the implementation of several reactive mass vaccinations. Nigeria, Africa's most populous endemic country, is considered a high-priority country for implementing the End Yellow fever Epidemics strategy.

Methods: This retrospective analysis described the epidemiological profile, trends, and factors associated with Yellow fever viral positivity in Nigeria.

Association between health-related quality of life and perioperative exercise capacity in older postoperative patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Lung cancer represents a significant global health concern and constitutes the primary cause of cancer-related mortality. Complete surgical resection with curative intent remains the most efficacious treatment modality for improving the survival rate of patients with localized lung cancer. Average life expectancy has increased in many countries, and the number of older patients undergoing surgery has increased.

A Case of Eltrombopag-Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy Initiating Hemodialysis.

Thrombopoietin receptor agonists are used in addition to steroids for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. A 55-year-old male with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, treated with eltrombopag, developed a rapid decline in renal function following the increase in eltrombopag dose. Renal biopsy showed glomerular endothelial disorder and platelet thrombus, which suggested eltrombopag-induced renal-limited thrombotic microangiopathy.

Transcriptome analysis of human oral squamous cancer SAS cells as an early response after boron neutron capture therapy.

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is based on nuclear reactions between thermal neutron and boron-10 preferentially distributed in the cancer cells. B-boronophenylalanine (BPA) is the approved drug for treatment of oral cancers for BNCT. However, the predictive biomarkers to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and side-effects have not been clarified yet.

Comparing voluntary and government-mandated management measures for meeting sustainable fishing targets.

Management of natural resources and environmental systems has often involved top-down approaches in which government agencies set and enforce regulations on extractive activities. More recently, market-driven approaches were introduced to incentivise producers to voluntarily engage in practices that align with management objectives and support regulations. For the first time, we compare government and voluntary approaches within fisheries management systems and quantify their relative influences on the sustainability status of fish populations.

Unfolded protein response modulates Tyrosinase levels and melanin production during melanogenesis.

Background: Melanocytes protect the body from ultraviolet radiation by synthesizing melanin. Tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanin production, accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during melanin synthesis, potentially causing ER stress. However, regulating ER function for melanin synthesis has been less studied than controlling Tyrosinase activity.

Comparison of oncological outcomes between extended and no pelvic lymph node dissection in patients with high- or very high-risk prostate cancer: a multi-institutional study.

Background: Despite providing valuable staging and prognostic information, the therapeutic benefit of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) remains uncertain. We sought to assess the effect of extended PLND (ePLND) on the biochemical recurrence (BCR) of patients with National Comprehensive Cancer Net (NCCN) high- or very high-risk prostate cancer treated via robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).

Methods: We used a multi-institutional database (six centers) to assess 989 patients who underwent RARP from 2014 to 2022 with or without ePLND, among which 699 patients underwent BCR analysis.

Sensory processing associated with subcategories of restricted and repetitive behaviors in Japanese children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.

Background: Restricted and repetitive behavior (RRB) is a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The structure of RRB subcategories and their relationship with atypical sensory processing in Japan are not well understood. This study examined subcategories of the RRB in Japanese children with ASD and explored their relationship with sensory processing.

Occlusion of Dorsalis Pedis Artery in an Athlete.

A 17-year-old Japanese boy was admitted to our hospital with intermittent claudication. He belonged to a weightlifting team at a high school. He had occasionally dropped lightweight lifting weights on his right foot.

Development and optimization of a new competitive ELISA using recombinant (rPSA D15 and rCag11) antigens for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection.

H. pylori (Hp) is highly causative agent of chronic gastritis, gastric cancer and human death worldwide. To address the challenge of H.

Quality of Life in Adults with Atopic Dermatitis in Relation to Disease Severity: Nationwide Data in Japan.

Introduction: The impact of atopic dermatitis (AD) on daily life and different levels of quality of life (QOL) according to AD severity has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to assess QOL in relation to the AD severity in Japan.

Methods: This observational study used anonymized data of health insurance association members and their families registered to a mobile health app.

variant may affect the response to type 2 biologics in patients with severe asthma.

Background: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with variable response to treatment. Genetic backgrounds are involved in the severity of type 2 asthma, but their effects on responses to biologics remain unknown. This study aimed to clarify the role of genetic factors in response to biologics in patients with severe asthma.

Characteristics and long-term health outcomes of the first domestic COVID-19 outbreak cases in Da Nang, Vietnam: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Vietnam experienced the first COVID-19 domestic outbreak due to the Wuhan strain (B.1.1) in Da Nang from July 2020.

Lyme neuroborreliosis in Japan: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato as a cause of meningitis of previously undetermined etiology in hospitalized patients outside of the island of Hokkaido, 2010-2021.

Background And Purpose: Clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis (LB), caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl), include erythema migrans, Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), carditis, and arthritis. LB is a notifiable disease in Japan with <30 surveillance-reported LB cases annually, predominately from Hokkaido Prefecture. However, LB, including LNB, may be under-diagnosed in Japan since diagnostic tests are not readily available.

Living Donor Liver Transplantation with Small Left Lobe Grafts: Prospective Validation of Utility of Splenectomy in Selected Recipients.

BACKGROUND We previously reported that the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score and donor age are risk factors for small-for-size syndrome in adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) involving small grafts. Since April 2021, we have performed splenectomy as a portal inflow modulation in LDLT using small grafts according to the presence of risk factors. In this study, we evaluated the validity of our splenectomy strategies for optimizing graft outcomes.

Myeloid Cells Induce Infiltration and Activation of B Cells and CD4+ T Follicular Helper Cells to Sensitize Brain Metastases to Combination Immunotherapy.

Brain metastasis (BM) is a poor prognostic factor in cancer patients. Despite showing efficacy in many extracranial tumors, immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) or anti-CTLA-4 mAb appears to be less effective against intracranial tumors. Promisingly, recent clinical studies have reported that combination therapy with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 mAbs has a potent antitumor effect on BM, highlighting the need to elucidate the detailed mechanisms controlling the intracranial tumor microenvironment (TME) to develop effective immunotherapeutic strategies.

A case of corneal opacity caused by atovaquone administration.

Purpose: Atovaquone is an alternative drug that is used for the prevention and treatment of pneumonia when the first-line drug, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (ST combination), cannot be used due to side effects. However, atovaquone is known to cause ocular side effects including oculomucocutaneous syndrome and vortex keratopathy. In this report, we describe a patient who developed bilateral white granular diffuse corneal opacity that extended from the corneal sub-epithelium to the stroma after continuous oral atovaquone administration for 14 months.

Enterococcus hirae Bacteremia Complicated by Septic Spondylitis and Acute Pyelonephritis: A Case Report.

, a rare human pathogen, has limited clinical data. This case report presents a case of sepsis, pyelonephritis, and septic spondylitis treated successfully with ampicillin. An 82-year-old woman was hospitalized for acute pyelonephritis and sepsis, presenting with fever and abdominal pain.

A Crossover Trial of a Novel Toothbrushing Method for Prevention of Aspiration Pneumonia: Toothpaste With Povidone-Iodine and Moisturizing Gel Mixture.

Introduction: Toothbrushing, during which dental plaque is brushed off into the oral cavity, can increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia in older adults and intubated patients.

Methods: This study examined brushing methods to prevent the spread of bacteria in the oral cavity. Six participants who required assistance with brushing received toothbrushing from a dental hygienist.

A scoping review and thematic analysis of the effects of tropical cyclones on diarrheal diseases.

Background: Tropical cyclones pose significant health risks and can trigger outbreaks of diarrheal diseases in affected populations. Although the effects of individual hazards, such as rainfall and flooding, on diarrheal diseases are well-documented, the complex multihazard nature of tropical cyclones is less thoroughly explored. To date, no dedicated review comprehensively examines the current evidence and research on the association between tropical cyclones and diarrheal diseases.