GrandQC: A comprehensive solution to quality control problem in digital pathology.

Histological slides contain numerous artifacts that can significantly deteriorate the performance of image analysis algorithms. Here we develop the GrandQC tool for tissue and multi-class artifact segmentation. GrandQC allows for high-precision tissue segmentation (Dice score 0.

A complete classification of evolutionary games with environmental feedback.

A tragedy of the commons, in which rational behavior of individuals to maximize their own payoffs depletes common resources, is one of the most important research topics in game theory. To better understand the social dilemma problem, recent studies have developed a theoretical framework of feedback-evolving game where individual behavior affects an environmental (renewable) resource and the environmental resource changes individual payoffs. While previous studies assumed that the frequency of defectors increases (prisoner's dilemma [PD] game) when the environmental resource is abundant to investigate an oscillating tragedy of the commons, it is also possible for other types of game to produce the social dilemma.

Associations between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors according to age and sex.

Context: Subclinical thyroid dysfunction (ScTD) comprising subclinical hypothyroidism (SHypo) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (SHyper) has been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events.

Objective: To assess associations between ScTD and cardiovascular risk factors (cvRFs) according to age and sex.

Design And Setting: Pooled individual participant data analysis of large prospective cohort studies from the Thyroid Studies Collaboration.

Rethinking village malaria workers in Cambodia: Perspectives from the communities, programme managers, and international stakeholders.

Since the early 2000s, malaria cases in Cambodia have declined steadily. Village malaria workers (VMWs) have played a critical role in reducing malaria transmission and progress towards malaria elimination. To prevent malaria re-establishment, however, implementation strategies need to consider carefully the changing healthcare needs in the communities as well as challenges to, and opportunities for, programme adaptation.

Guidelines for the management of pulmonary nodules detected by low-dose CT lung cancer screening 6th edition: compiled by the Japanese Society of CT Screening.

Objective: The aim of this special report is to describe the 6th edition of "The Guidelines for the Management of Pulmonary Nodules Detected by Low-Dose CT Lung Cancer Screening ".

Methods: Since the 5th edition six years ago, a review of the literature and consideration of consistency with new evidence led to the revision of the 6th edition.

Results: The main revisions in the 6th edition can be summarized as follows: 1) addition of the section "Recommendations for Low-Dose CT Lung Cancer Screening in Japan"; 2) change in the recommended solid component diameter, and follow-up interval for nodules with a total mean diameter of less than 15 mm and a solid component diameter of less than 8 mm; 3) replacement of the recommended case images; and 4) introduction of the criteria of the Lung Cancer CT Screening Certification Organization.

Mortality in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.

Background: Despite antifungal treatment, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate rates of mortality and its predictors in CPA.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science to identify studies in English, reporting mortality in CPA, from database inception to Aug 15, 2023.

Relationship Between Tooth Loss Due to Chronic Periodontitis and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.

: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and tooth loss due to chronic periodontitis. : A total of 232 patients aged 40 years or older with LUTS were evaluated. The number of remaining teeth and the severity of LUTS were assessed using the overactive bladder symptom score, international prostate symptom score, and urodynamic tests.

Effectiveness of a community-based intervention package in maternal health service utilization: A cross-sectional quasi-experimental study in rural Ghana.

Background: We examined the effectiveness of a community-based intervention package that targeted pregnant women for increasing utilization of maternal health services. The intervention package was implemented in Suhum Municipality, Ghana, from March 2019 to April 2022. The package consisted of: (i) maternal health education by female and male peers; (ii) training existing health workers on maternal health; and (iii) strengthening the local community health management committees.

Nelarabine-combined chemotherapy improves outcome of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia but shows more severe neurotoxicity: JALSG T-ALL213-O.

We investigated the effectiveness and safety of nelarabine (NEL)-combined chemotherapy for newly diagnosed adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients. We conducted a phase II trial, T-ALL213-O, where adult T-ALL patients aged 25 to 64 were treated by a regimen based on that used in our previous study, ALL202-O. The main modifications from ALL202-O to T-ALL213-O were as follows: (1) NEL-combined chemotherapy, instead of consolidation (C)1, was used for non-complete remission (CR) patients after induction therapy (IND)1 as IND2; (2) NEL treatments were inserted into C3 and C5 on day 29.

Image-based Re-evaluation of the JCOG0911 Study Focusing on Tumor Volume and Survival, Disease Progression Diagnosis, and Radiomic Prognostication for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma.

Purpose: To re-evaluate images recovered from JCOG0911, a randomized phase 2 trial for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (nGBM) conducted by the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) Brain Tumor Study Group.

Methods: The correlation between tumor volumes and survival was evaluated, followed by progression-free survival (PFS) analysis by independent central review based on Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria using MRI recovered from 118 nGBM patients enrolled in the JCOG0911 trial. A radiomic analysis was also performed to identify radiomic features predictive of nGBM prognosis.

Stress-experienced monocytes/macrophages lose anti-inflammatory function via β-adrenergic receptor in skin allergic inflammation.

Background: Psychological stress can exacerbate the development of allergies; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. IgE-mediated cutaneous allergic inflammation (IgE-CAI) is a basophil-dependent skin allergy with eosinophil infiltration at inflammatory sites. Its resolution involves anti-inflammatory programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2)-positive macrophages.

Insights from the international workshop on "Adapting agriculture to climate change and air pollution".

An international workshop on "Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change and Air Pollution" took place at Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China, during 23-27 October, 2023. Experts working in various multi-disciplinary areas of agroecosystem and environmental research gathered for academic communication and discussions. Two discussion groups focused on "agriculture under air pollution and climate change: current challenges and priorities for the future" and "adapting agriculture to air pollution and climate change: current status and next steps.

Character displacement or priority effects: immigration timing can affect community assembly with rapid evolution.

Understanding how biological communities assemble in the presence of rapid evolution is becoming an important topic in ecology. Previous studies demonstrated that community assembly can be affected by two types of eco-evolutionary dynamics: evolution-mediated priority effect (EPE) and ecological character displacement (ECD). In EPE, early-arriving species prevent colonization of late-arriving species via local adaptation (i.

Rivaroxaban for 18 Months Versus 6 Months in Patients With Cancer and Acute Low-Risk Pulmonary Embolism: An Open-Label, Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial (ONCO PE Trial).

Background: The optimal duration of anticoagulation therapy for patients with cancer and acute low-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) is clinically relevant, but evidence is lacking. Prolonged anticoagulation therapy could have a potential benefit for prevention of thrombotic events; however, it could also increase the risk of bleeding.

Methods: In a multicenter, open-label, adjudicator-blinded, randomized clinical trial at 32 institutions in Japan, we randomly assigned patients with cancer and acute low-risk PE of the simplified version of the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index score of 1, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive either an 18-month or a 6-month rivaroxaban treatment.

Liver transplantation for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine liver metastasis: optimal patient selection and perioperative management in the era of multimodal treatments.

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET) often metastasize to the liver. Although curative liver resection provides a favorable prognosis for patients with neuroendocrine liver metastasis (NELM), with a 5-year survival rate of 70-80%, recurrence is almost inevitable, mainly in the remnant liver. In Western countries, liver transplantation (LT) has been performed in patients with NELM, with the objective of complete removal of macro- and micro-NELMs.

Competencies related to generalism for Japanese medical undergraduates: Essential skills for comprehensive care.

Objective: To identify generalism-related competencies that medical students in Japan should acquire in order to provide comprehensive care for patients.

Methods: The team responsible for developing the new 'Generalism' section of the 2022 revision of the Model Core Curriculum for Medical Education in Japan (MCC) consisted of nine members from diverse medical backgrounds across Japan. We adopted pragmatism paradigm and analyzed to identify decision-making processes using a qualitative document analysis.

Environmental dependence of geometrical efficiency for the scintillation cell in radon and thoron measurement.

222Rn is recognized as a matter of international concern for human health risk. Because 220Rn as well as 222Rn coexist in the natural environment, thoron sometimes influences the experiment for radon measurement. It is important to measure radon and thoron separately to evaluate the risk of the exposure to 222Rn.

Establishment of acquired radioresistant cells to fractionated radiation from hTERT-immortalized normal human epithelial cell.

Senescence-like growth arrest (SLGA), which is a radiation-induced cell death pathway, is induced in immortalized normal human epithelial cell (hTERT-RPE1) by the daily fractionated X-irradiation with 1.5 Gy within 30 times. We here demonstrate that pre-treatment induces acquired radioresistance (ARR) that can survive from the lethal fractionated radiation.