Association between psychological distress and schizotypy in adults: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Schizotypy refers to a personality type characterized by behavioral and cognitive abnormalities similar in nature but less severe than those of schizophrenia. Schizotypy often progresses to schizophrenia, so identifying risk factors may facilitate early schizophrenia diagnosis and improve treatment. Psychological distress may be associated with schizotypy, highlighting its importance.

Screening cutoff values to identify the risk of falls after stroke: A scoping review.

Objective: The present scoping review aimed to summarize and determine the accuracy of the variables and cutoff values reported to date for identifying fall risk in patients with stroke and identify the commonalities, limitations, and clinical implications.

Methods: Articles published by the end of 2023 were searched using PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Scopus electronic databases. Two reviewers created a search formula, searched the databases, and conducted primary and secondary screenings.

Impact of tailored message notifications for frailty prevention in older adults: a quasi-randomized controlled study using a regression discontinuity design.

[Purpose] This study investigated the potential of tailored message notifications based on municipal health check-up results to improve pre-frailty and frailty in older adults. [Participants and Methods] This study was conducted in Iiyama City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, by using the Kihon Checklist to assess the health status of older adults. Since 2019, Iiyama City has sent notifications to individuals with pre-frailty (Kihon Checklist score: 4-7) and frailty (Kihon Checklist score: ≥8).

Test-retest reliability of the ten-repetition maximum test in untrained young males and females.

[Purpose] This study investigated the test-retest reliability of the ten-repetition maximum leg press (LP) and chest press (CP) tests in untrained young males and females. The secondary aim was to examine the test-retest reliability of the 10RM test according to gender. [Participants and Methods] All participants underwent the ten-repetition maximum test for the LP and CP across three sessions separated by 2 to 6 days of recovery: the first session was familiarization, the second for the initial test, and the third for the retest.

Spectral Reflectance Estimation from Camera Response Using Local Optimal Dataset and Neural Networks.

In this study, a novel method is proposed to estimate surface-spectral reflectance from camera responses that combine model-based and training-based approaches. An imaging system is modeled using the spectral sensitivity functions of an RGB camera, spectral power distributions of multiple light sources, unknown surface-spectral reflectance, additive noise, and a gain parameter. The estimation procedure comprises two main stages: (1) selecting the local optimal reflectance dataset from a reflectance database and (2) determining the best estimate by applying a neural network to the local optimal dataset only.

Diagnostic accuracy of chest X-ray and CT using artificial intelligence for osteoporosis: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems using chest images are potentially reliable for diagnosing osteoporosis.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy of chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scans using AI for osteoporosis in accordance with the diagnostic test accuracy guidelines. We included any type of study investigating the diagnostic accuracy of index test for osteoporosis.

Oral hypofunction and social aspects in older adults visiting frailty outpatient clinic.

Background: Oral and social problems can exacerbate long-term care. Understanding the relationship between social aspects and oral hypofunction can help identify high-risk factors for long-term care.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the social aspects of oral hypofunction among medical outpatients.

Effects of a video-viewing intervention with positive word stimulation on the depressive symptoms of older patients with cardiac disease and subthreshold depression: a pilot randomized controlled trial protocol.

Background: Intervention for older patients with cardiac disease and subthreshold depression (StD) may be an effective strategy to prevent the development of major depressive disorder. The subliminal priming with supraliminal reward stimulation (SPSRS) website developed by us is an advanced intervention that can improve depressive symptoms in individuals with StD by presenting positive word stimuli in videos. However, its efficacy for treating depressive symptoms in older patients with cardiac disease and StD has not been investigated.

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Structural associations between self-perception of support and knowledge of disability characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among staff in facilities providing after-school day services.

Background: We constructed a hypothetical model of the knowledge of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and self-perception of support of staff working in after-school day services to clarify structural relationships.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted at 194 facilities providing after-school day services in Fukushima Prefecture (October 2020), including a basic attributes questionnaire, the Literacy Scale of Characteristics of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (LS-ASD), and a staff questionnaire. We developed a hypothetical model of the relationship between self-perception and LS-ASD total scores of after-school service staff.

Reliability of the Two-dimensional Mood Scale for self-reported mood assessment by older adults with dementia.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the Two-dimensional Mood Scale (TDMS) for mood assessment among older adults with dementia. The study included 100 elderly patients with dementia admitted to two hospitals. For each mood state measured by the TDMS, the intraclass correlation coefficient of agreement (ICC) was calculated to evaluate test-retest reliability.

Cutoff values of motor and cognitive measures for predicting and discriminating levels of activities of daily living after stroke: a scoping review.

The various assessments performed by rehabilitation professionals not only indicate the patient's current functional status but can also help determine the future status (prediction) or the ability to perform untested tasks (discrimination). In particular, the cutoff values are the simplest predictive and discriminative tool that can be widely used in clinical practice. The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize the current literature on cutoff values of motor and cognitive function for predicting or discriminating levels of activities of daily living after stroke.

High Dynamic Range Image Reconstruction from Saturated Images of Metallic Objects.

This study considers a method for reconstructing a high dynamic range (HDR) original image from a single saturated low dynamic range (LDR) image of metallic objects. A deep neural network approach was adopted for the direct mapping of an 8-bit LDR image to HDR. An HDR image database was first constructed using a large number of various metallic objects with different shapes.

Escalation on Kihon Checklist Scores Preceding the Certification of Long-Term Care Need in the Older Population in Japan. A 9-Year Retrospective Study.

Objectives: The Kihon Checklist (KCL) is valuable for predicting long-term care (LTC) certification. However, the precise association between KCL scores and the temporal dynamics of LTC need certification remains unclear. This study clarified the characteristic trajectory of KCL scores in individuals certified for LTC need.

Association between oral frailty and sarcopenia among frailty clinic outpatients: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of oral frailty and explore its relationship with oral function and sarcopenia among older outpatients.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we retrospectively included older patients who visited a frailty outpatient clinic. We assessed total oral frailty employing, among other measures, oral diadochokinesis (/ta/ sound) for tongue-lip movement and tongue pressure.

Endogenous IFN-γ facilitates Pneumocystis infection and downregulates carbohydrate receptors in CD4 T cell-depleted mice.

IFN-γ plays a critical role in host defense against intracellular pathogens. IFN-γ is produced in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice infected with Pneumocystis, but the role of IFN-γ in host defense against Pneumocystis remains controversial. It has been previously reported that although exogenous IFN-γ has beneficial effects on eradication of Pneumocystis, endogenous IFN-γ has a negative impact on innate immunity in immunocompromised hosts.

Habituation of Brain Activity with Repetition in Color and Picture-Word Stroop Tests.

As a widely used mental task for functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), the original color-word Stroop task has the advantage of being difficult to habituate, but also the disadvantage of being difficult to understand, especially for children. While the introduction of derived Stroop tasks offers highly promising countermeasures, changes in brain activity during these tests have not been well tested. We investigated the degree of habituation between the original and a derived Stroop task by measuring brain activity to obtain a better fNIRS task design.

The effect of massage on the plantar flexor muscles during the fixation period in postoperative patients with an ankle fracture.

Introduction: Ankle fractures are one of the most common lower extremity fractures. After surgery, the ankle joint is often immobilized in a plantar flexion position, and there have been many reported cases of limited ankle joint range of motion. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of regular massage interventions on ankle joint range of motion after removal of fixation.

Influence of certified perioperative nurses on the establishment of preoperative outpatient clinic and rate of preoperative assessment in Japan.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of certified perioperative nurses on preoperative outpatient clinic and preoperative assessments. The study was conducted from February 2021 to September 2022; data were collected and analyzed using a questionnaire at 247 hospitals in Japan. To analyze the factors affecting the rate of preoperative assessment with the primary endpoint of preoperative outpatient care and preoperative nursing visits, we performed multiple linear regression analysis of facility characteristics, perioperative nurse background, and the presence or absence of certified perioperative nurses.