Long-term outcomes of delayed clozapine initiation in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Background: Clozapine is the only antipsychotic medication with proven efficacy against treatment-resistant schizophrenia. This multicenter retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of a delay in clozapine initiation on long-term outcomes.

Methods: Patients who initiated clozapine treatment between July 2009 and December 2018 were included in this study.

Effect of individualized occupational therapy on social functioning in patients with schizophrenia: A five-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of adding individualized occupational therapy (IOT) to a three-months group occupational therapy (GOT) on social functioning in inpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder at a follow-up investigation five-years after discharge. Initially, patients were randomly assigned to GOT + IOT or GOT alone, with 102 patients, 48 in GOT + IOT and 54 in GOT alone, completing the five years follow-up. The primary outcome was change in social functioning assessed by the Social Functioning Scale (SFS) from baseline to five-year follow-up.

The prevalence and course of neuropsychiatric symptoms in stroke patients impact functional recovery during in-hospital rehabilitation.

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common after stroke and are distressing symptoms. They may persist after the acute event and negatively impact rehabilitation, functioning, and patients' quality of life.

Objectives: To elucidate the prevalence and course of neuropsychiatric symptoms in stroke patients during rehabilitation, we prospectively investigated the trajectory change of neuropsychiatric symptoms and the association between these symptoms and functional recovery.

Effect of adding individualized occupational therapy to standard care on rehospitalization of patients with schizophrenia: A 2-year prospective cohort study.

Aim: We examined the effect of individualized occupational therapy (IOT) compared to the usual group occupational therapy (GOT) on the rehospitalization of patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: A prospective cohort study included patients with schizophrenia who were discharged within 1 year from a psychiatric hospital. Time to rehospitalization by treatment group (GOT + IOT or GOT-alone) was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

A multicenter, randomized controlled trial of individualized occupational therapy for patients with schizophrenia in Japan.

The individualized occupational therapy (IOT) program is a psychosocial program that we developed to facilitate proactive participation in treatment and improve cognitive functioning and other outcomes for inpatients with acute schizophrenia. The program consists of motivational interviewing, self-monitoring, individualized visits, handicraft activities, individualized psychoeducation, and discharge planning. This multicenter, open-labeled, blinded-endpoint, randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of adding IOT to a group OT (GOT) program as usual for outcomes in recently hospitalized patients with schizophrenia in Japanese psychiatric hospitals setting compared with GOT alone.

Factors associated with multidimensional aspect of post-stroke fatigue in acute stroke period.

Background: Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is a frequent and distressing consequence of stroke, and can be both acute and long lasting. We aimed to investigate multidimensional aspects of acute PSF and to determine the clinical factors relevant to acute PSF.

Methods: We collected data of 101 patients admitted to the hospital for acute stroke.

Negative Correlation between Serum Cytokine Levels and Cognitive Abilities in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Evidence suggests that cytokines may be one of the major factors influencing cognitive development in those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To shed light on the neural and cognitive mechanisms of ASD, we investigated the association between peripheral cytokine levels and cognitive profiles in children with ASD. The serum levels of 10 cytokines (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were examined in 14 children with ASD using the Human Ultrasensitive Cytokine Magnetic 10-Plex Panel for the Luminex platform.