EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE WITH FOVEAL HERNIATION: Visual and Surgical Outcomes.

Purpose: Foveal herniation occurs when neuroretinal tissue protrudes through and above the level of an epiretinal membrane. This study describes the visual symptoms and spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings associated with foveal herniation and evaluates the postoperative visual, anatomical, and surgical outcomes.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective review of patients diagnosed with epiretinal membrane identified 59 patients with preoperative foveal herniation on spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Manifestations of Sickle Cell Disorder at Abdominal and Pelvic Imaging.

Sickle cell disorder (SCD) refers to a spectrum of hematologic disorders that cause a characteristic clinical syndrome affecting the entire body. It is the most prevalent monogenetic hemoglobinopathy worldwide, with a wide range of focal and systemic expressions. Hemoglobin gene mutation leads to the formation of abnormal sickle-shaped red blood cells, which cause vascular occlusion and result in tissue and organ ischemia and infarction.

Pathologic Conditions at Imaging of the Spermatic Cord.

A wide range of benign and malignant processes can affect the spermatic cord (SC). Familiarity with and recognition of the characteristic imaging features of these entities are imperative for accurate diagnosis and optimal clinical care. While some SC diseases are self-limiting, others can result in infertility and potentially life-threatening infection or bleeding if they are left untreated.

Use of Methotrexate in Gynecologic and Obstetric Practice: What the Radiologist Needs to Know.

Methotrexate (MTX) is the primary pharmaceutical agent that is used for management of disorders arising from trophoblastic tissue. Its widespread international use is mostly attributable to its noninvasive, safe, and effective characteristics as a treatment option for ectopic pregnancy (EP) and gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), with the large added benefit of fertility preservation. Although the effects of MTX usage are well documented in the gynecologic and obstetric literature, there is a scarcity of radiologic literature on the subject.

Inflammatory bowel disease and pregnancy: fertility, complications and treatment.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is commonly diagnosed and treated in the young population. Therefore, it is common that women anticipating or undergoing pregnancy will have to cope with the additional burden of their IBD. Pregnancy in an IBD patient also presents challenges for the practitioner, in that the usual diagnostic and therapeutic armamentarium of potential tests and therapies is disrupted.

Imaging Evaluation of Abdominopelvic Gunshot Trauma.

Firearm-related injuries, or gunshot wounds (GSWs), are among the most important worldwide public health problems, resulting in considerable annual morbidity, disability, and mortality. GSWs to the abdomen and pelvis are associated with substantial injuries to multiple organs and tissues. Imaging plays an important role in identifying these injuries, dictating nonoperative management, and determining imaging and clinical follow-up, as well as helping manage potential long-term complications.

Imaging Evaluation of Fallopian Tubes and Related Disease: A Primer for Radiologists.

A wide range of benign and malignant processes can affect one or both fallopian tubes. Familiarity with and recognition of the characteristic imaging features of these diseases and conditions are imperative for accurate diagnosis and prompt patient management. Disorders including pelvic inflammatory disease (hydrosalpinx and pyosalpinx in particular), isolated tubal torsion and ovarian torsion with fallopian tube involvement, endometriosis manifesting as hematosalpinx and adhesions, ectopic pregnancy, and malignancies are the most important entities that radiologists should be familiar with when assessing the fallopian tubes.

An overview of healthcare-associated infections in a tertiary care hospital in Egypt.

Background: Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is a major problem in healthcare facilities and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and prolonged hospital stay. This study aims to determine the incidence rate, risk factors, and bacterial aetiology of HAI in a tertiary care hospital in Mansoura, Egypt.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study carried out over 12 months in different departments of Mansoura New General Hospital (MNGH).

Endometriosis and Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer (EAOC).

Endometriosis is a gynecologic disease that affects over 10% of women of reproductive age causing pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility, resulting in significant disability and reduced quality of life. Very recent genetic studies have suggested that endometriosis is a clonal disease in the epithelium and its development is independent of stroma, providing new insight into the genesis of endometriosis. The endometrioid tissue lining may also react by epithelial atypical hyperplasia and even neoplasia, in a manner somehow similar to that in the uterine cavity and under the same hormonal influences.

Endometrial Carcinoma and its Precursors.

This chapter focuses on premalignant and malignant diseases of the endometrium (lining of the uterus). Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States. Women have a 1 in 40 lifetime risk of being diagnosed with endometrial cancer, the fourth most common malignancy among women.

Burgeoning study of sentinel-node analysis on management of early gastric cancer after endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) represents an organ-preserving alternative to surgical resection of early gastric cancer. However, even with ESD yielding en-bloc resection specimens, there are concerns regarding tumor spread such as with larger lesions, ulcerated lesions, undifferentiated pathology and submucosal invasion. Sentinel node navigational surgery (SNNS) when combined with ESD offers a minimally invasive alternative to the traditional extended gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy if lack of lymph node spread can be confirmed.

Early Postendoscopic Transverse Colo-Colonic Intussusception.

Intussusception is defined as telescoping of the proximal bowel (intussusceptum) into the lumen of the distal bowel, otherwise called the intussuscipiens. While it is one of the most common causes of intestinal obstruction in children between the ages of 3 months and 6 years, intussusception accounts for about 1% of such cases in adults. Intussusception is idiopathic in 8-20% of patients and most commonly occurs in the small intestines in adults.

Loss of Endothelial FTO Antagonizes Obesity-Induced Metabolic and Vascular Dysfunction.

Rationale: Increasing prevalence of obesity and its associated risk with cardiovascular diseases demands a better understanding of the contribution of different cell types within this complex disease for developing new treatment options. Previous studies could prove a fundamental role of FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated protein) within obesity; however, its functional role within different cell types is less understood.

Objectives: We identify endothelial FTO as a previously unknown central regulator of both obesity-induced metabolic and vascular alterations.

Allergic Contact Dermatitis.

Allergic contact dermatitis is common, resulting in considerable morbidity. Diagnosis is based on a thorough history, physical examination, and patch testing. Several commercially available panels of patch testing are currently used.

GHD Diagnostics in Europe and the US: An Audit of National Guidelines and Practice.

Introduction: Almost 20 years after the first international guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of GHD have been published, clinical practice varies significantly. The low accuracy of endocrine tests for GHD and the burden caused by ineffective treatment of individual patients were strong motives for national endocrine societies to set up national guidelines regarding how to diagnose GHD in childhood. This audit aims to review the current state and identify common changes, which may improve the diagnostic procedure.

Intimomedial mucoid degeneration of the peripheral arteries.

Intimomedial mucoid degeneration, a rare vascular disorder characterized by mucinous deposition in the intima and media layers, causes aneurysmal degeneration of the vessel wall in young patients. Because of the potential for involvement of multiple vessels, these patients may require full body imaging and long-term follow-up. We describe three patients with intimomedial mucoid degeneration and variable clinical presentations.

Middle Aortic Syndrome in a Child-Bearing Age Patient.

We report a rare case of a 30-year-old female who had a long-standing history of middle aortic syndrome that was being managed nonsurgically. She presented with hypertension and buttock pain with plans to become pregnant. She underwent an aortoiliac bypass.

The two Achilles heels of surgical randomized controlled trials: differences in surgical skills and reporting of average performance.

Randomized controlled trials of surgery are fundamentally different from randomized controlled trials of medications because it is difficult to blind or mask a surgical procedure or perform "sham" operations. An additional challenge is the variation in skills and surgical proficiency of participating centers and surgeons. Addressing heterogeneity in surgical proficiency remains of paramount importance, especially when randomized controlled trials involve a new or complex procedure such as minimally invasive radical surgery.

Cycloid Psychosis Comorbid with Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Case Series.

Psychosis is a relatively common psychiatric phenomenon seen in patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS). However, the presentation is atypical and difficult to classify within currently defined affective or psychotic disorders. This distinct presentation may be better understood as a phenomenon called "cycloid psychosis," described as an episodic psychosis with rapid full recovery between episodes.

Blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, and risk of erectile dysfunction in men with type I diabetes.

Objective: To gain insight into the effect of blood pressure on the pathophysiology of diabetic erectile dysfunction, we determined the onset, severity and treatment of hypertension and risk of incident erectile dysfunction in men with type I diabetes.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 692 men without prevalent erectile dysfunction in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study. Erectile dysfunction was assessed yearly for 16 years with a single question querying presence of impotence.